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Introduction: Although e-learning has been incorporated in higher education system, students may undergo negative emotions like anxiety using this new mode of learning which ultimatelyinterfere with their learning performance. Hence, the current study aimed to examine the role of computer anxiety in students’ online learning.Methods: This is a cross-sectional correlational study, in which a convenient sample of 330 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated. To collect the data, we used twopre-validated questionnaires. Face, content, and construct validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability were also used to check thereliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and AMOS 6.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis results yielded the underlying factorial structure of the scales. In addition, correlation coefficient results indicated that there was a significantly negativerelationship between students’ computer anxiety and their online learning (r=-0.59, P

National building regulations in most countries are part of the law and an important professional subject for many construction professionals, including engineers and architects. In addition to construction plans with titles such as approved plans that are available with the seal and signature of the designer and approved by the municipality and the Construction Engineering Organization, other plans are prepared that are used in the implementation and are called executive plans. Since it is specified in all the regulations and even in the Article 100 Commission of the municipalities of Iran, the approved plans are the criterion for reviewing and evaluating the degree of compliance of the construction plans with the laws and regulations. Thus, the discrepancy between the approved and executive plans has led to the formation of violations and non-compliance with the rules and regulations of architecture and urban planning. In order to prevent construction violations, it is necessary to study the nature of this issue and the causes of violations in every way. This study is applied research in terms of purpose, and descriptive, causal, correlational and survey in terms of method. Data was collected by library and field methods through the distribution of questionnaires. Based on the research findings, there are two types of attitudes: The first attitude is municipalities' revenue-generating towards the phenomenon of construction violations, considering fines as a source of revenue, and the inefficiency of the construction monitoring system. The second is the attitude of architectural designers in examining the four main design factors (form, performance, economy, and time), the motivation of owners to make more profit by increasing the lot coverage, designers' freedom of action in executive plans due to non-responsibility, less control of licensing authorities on executive plans, etc. Accordingly, it was found that there is a relationship and correlation between increasing the number of executive plans and increasing construction violations. Therefore, providing sustainable revenue sources, improving the municipal construction monitoring system, improving the licensing bureaucracy in municipalities, and legalizing building plans can help reduce construction violations.

Automated floorplanning or space layout planning has been a long-standing NP-hard problem in the field of computer-aided design, with applications in integrated circuits, architecture, urbanism, and operational research. In this paper, we introduce GenFloor, an interactive design system that takes geometrical, topological, and performance goals and constraints as input and provides optimized spatial design solutions as output. As part of our work, we propose three novel permutation methods for existing space layout graph representations, namely O-Tree and B∗-Tree representations. We implement our proposed floorplanning methods as a package for Dynamo, a visual programming tool, with a custom GUI and additional evaluation functionalities to facilitate designers in their generative design workflow. Furthermore, we illustrate the performance of GenFloor in two sets of case-study experiments for residential floorplanning tasks by (a) measuring the ability of the proposed system to find a known optimal solution, and (b) observing how the system can generate diverse floorplans while addressing given a constant residential design problem. Our results indicate that convergence to the global optimum is achieved while offering a diverse set of solutions of a residential floorplan corresponding to local optimums of the solution landscape.

The dynamic response of lithium-ion cells under mechanical loading is known to feature significant strain-rate effects. Opposite trends in failure strength have been observed between elliptic cells (with hard shell casing) versus pouch cells, when cells were subjected to high-speed loads. This paper elucidates the reason for the observed effects by comparing dynamic data from tests on lithium-ion cells in different configurations. It reports on new dynamic tests on cells with different form factors, thicknesses, and casings. The two basic types of cells investigated were pouch cells and elliptical cells, with and without liquid electrolyte. Additionally, the elliptical cells were tested with a hard aluminum housing and with a soft pouch covering. All the cells have been loaded by a hemispherical punch with velocities between 0.01 mm/s and 5000 mm/s. Intrusion force, depth, and velocity, as well as cell voltage were measured with high time-resolution during the experiments. A comparison of the data from different configurations allows to discriminate the effects of electrolyte, thickness, and casing on the dynamic response of the cells. One main finding is that the presence of the electrolyte has the most significant effect on the overall relative strain-rate behavior. Thickness and casing do add simple scaling factors. These findings are of great importance for battery pack design in electric vehicles.

Future study is a new interdisciplinary science that is classifying in part of the science and technology applications. Future study have introduced as a science and art of discovering and shaping the future. Till now future studies in various field soft technologies, economics, politics, and other various methods and experts have been identified and presented many trends in the relevant fields. On the other hand changes in the world are so fastso homologize with it, is so difficult. This retrospect sometimes leads to and looking away from the present and future and puts jurisprudence inthepassiveposition.That iswhyallourefforts aremaking theFutureelement in to the fight that decision makers of jurisprudence field would have preemptive deal with future changes. With this assumption in this paper we tried to combine the interdisciplinary science with the jurisprudence, and made its concepts and methods Conceptualization and equivalent generally. The researchinthis paperisdescriptive.