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Digera muricata Mart, a plant having therapeutic characteristics that has been utilised traditionally, belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, and a promising source of specific natural products utilized as antioxidant, prophylactic, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-diabetic, and allelopathic agent. In the present study, a biologically active phytosterol was isolated from Digera muricata Mart. The isolated compound was characterized by 13C, 1H NMR, FTIR, and HRMS. Characterization of the isolate was done by antimicrobial assay, and molecular docking. The antimicrobial potential of the isolated phytosterol (50 µl) against Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be maximum (ZOI-20.0 ± 1.0), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (ZOI-11.3±1.5), Candida albicans (ZOI- 09.0 ± 1.0), Klebsiella pneumonia (ZOI-8.6 ± 1.5) and Escherichia coli (ZOI-8.6 ± 1.5). The molecular docking results indicate that the phytosterol binds to the receptor 1AI9 at the 32th and 58th positions; 1KZN receptor at the 76th position, the 5L3J receptor at the 46th (ASN) and 136th (ARG) position; 7WIJ receptor at the 419th (ARG) and 582th (ASP) and 585th (ASN) positions.

Enhancing awareness of personal cleanliness and antibacterial resistance has intensified the antibacterial substance request on consumable products. Antibacterial agents that have been commercialized nowadays are produced from inorganic and non-renewable substances. This provides several drawbacks, particularly against health and environmental issues. Therefore, many scientists work on substituting fossil-fuel-based antibacterial agents with natural ones such as from biomass. Biomass derivatives, natural abundances of biopolymers in the world, amount to major compounds including polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitosan) and polyphenol (tannin and lignin) substances which are capable to combat the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. To date, no report focuses on a deep understanding of antibacterial properties derived from biomass and the internal and external factors effects. This work provides that gap because comprehensive knowledge is necessary before applying biomass to the products. The potency of biomass derivatives as antibacterial additives is also summarized. Basic knowledge of antibacterial characteristics to the application in products is highlighted in this review. Besides, the discussion about challenges and future perspectives is also delivered.

Abstract The present study was aimed at showing the importance of HPV DNA status and the clinical history of the patients required by the cytologist for accurate reporting. A total of 1250 symptomatic women who attended the gynaecology outpatient department of the Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Nalanda Medical College, Patna, for pap smear examinations were screened and recruited for the study. Due to highly clinical symptoms out of the negative with inflammatory smears reported, one hundred and ten patients were randomly advised for biopsy and HPV 16/18 DNA analysis by a gynaecologist to correlate negative smears included in the study. Pap smear reports revealed that 1178 (94.24%) were negative for intraepithelial lesions (NILM) with inflammatory smears, 23 (1.84%) smears showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 12 (0.96%) smears showed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 37 (2.96%) smears showed an atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US). A biopsy of 110 out of 1178 (NILM) patients revealed that 15 (13.63%) women had cervical cancer, 29 women had CIN I, 17 women had CIN II + CIN III, 35 women had benign cervical changes, and 14 women had haemorrhages. On the other hand, HPV 16/18 DNA was detected as positive in 87 out of 110. The high positivity of HPV in biopsied cases where frank cervical cancer and at-risk cancer were also observed in the negative smear-screened patients reveals that the HPV status and clinical history of the patients will be quite helpful to the cytologist for accurate reporting, and suggests that a negative HPV DNA result may be a stronger predictor of cervical cancer risk than a negative Pap test.

In theory, geopolitical risk and political uncertainty can directly affect energy markets. Fluctuations lead to the cost of clean energy sources as they compete with traditional energy. The purpose of this study is to analyse financial integration and test the diversifying asset hypothesis between clean energy indices, specifically the Clean Energy Fuels (CLNE), Nasdaq Clean Edge Green Energy (CELS), S&P Global Clean Energy (SPGTCLEN), TISDALE Clean Energy (TCEC.CN), Wilderhill (ECO) and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) stock indices, over the period from 1 January 2018 to 23 November 2023. Analysing the results reveals a scenario where most of the clean energy indices show cointegration with each other, indicating long-term relationships that reflect common trends in the clean energy sector. However, the relative independence of the WTI suggests that Oil still acts as an important and potentially diversifying external factor for investors focused on sustainable energy. Structural breaks in 2021 and 2022 in several indices point to significant events that have altered market dynamics, possibly including changes in environmental policies, technological innovations and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The cointegration evidence and structural breaks provide valuable information for building investment portfolios. Investors can consider the WTI to diversify portfolios dominated by clean energy assets, taking advantage of Oil’s relative independence. On the other hand, the high correlation between clean energy indices suggests that, within this sector, diversification options are more limited, requiring careful analysis of the specific characteristics of each index and the macroeconomic forces affecting them.

Background: Diabetes is a serious metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin action or insulin resistance. It can impair various metabolic pathways in cellular metabolism, leading to significant long term effects. In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) have been traditionally utilized to manage diabetes. Aim of the study: This study aims is aimed to investigate the mechanism of action driven by the chemical constituents in potentially treating diabetes. Methods: Metabolite profiling of the methanolic extract from Gymnema sylvestre leaves (MLGS) was conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and ultraperformance-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UP-LCMS). Molecular Docking and MD simulations were carried out to investigate the interaction between selective phytoconstituents and the antidiabetic target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ). Results: MLGS demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, estimated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and with an IC50 of 103.73 μg/mL. Aditionally, MLGS also exhibited substantial inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 113.49 μg/mL and 127.40 μg/mL, respectively. Using TLC-MS-bioautography, two antioxidant metabolites and three α-amylase inhibitory metabolites were identified Quercetin was identified in both α-amylase and antioxidant prominent bands. Identified phytoconstituents, namely rutin and lupeol, exhibited favorable docking interactions with PPARγ. MD simulations results indicate that rutin creates a well-built protein-ligand complex, showed minor structural modifications, and could exhibit agonistic activity with PPARγ. This suggesting the potential of rutin as a druggable compound to treat diabetes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that MLGS is enriched with antidiabetic phytoconstituents, warranting further exploration through the isolation of antidiabetic metabolites and their testing in animal models.

AbstractEntrepreneurship is the process of economic growth, development, creation, and poverty reduction while all Sustainable Development Goals (1), integrated towards No Poverty, is the sync that make the path in the needle for major livelihood. This article examines the internal and external factors that influence the growth of micro entrepreneurship in the hospitality industry. Internal factors include motives and issues and challenges of entrepreneurs and the external factors include socio-economic factors and financial factors related to hotel industry. A critical examination with few literature suggests to proceed further to understand the motives and challenges faced by the small hospitality business entrepreneurs along with socio-economic factors. As a result of the assessment of literature, identification of gaps in various sectors and as the world has recently been expanded to include socio-economic and financial kinds of entrepreneurial action, the researchers have narrowed the search to evaluate motivations and business obstacles faced by small business entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry. Considering some quantitative approach among different small hospitality business entrepreneurs, opinion towards the attributes like motivation factor, issues and challenges, growth and development of entrepreneurs were collected from a sample of 250 respondents from Coimbatore district. To gauge the same, the research proposed a model that assess the influence of internal and external factors on the growth of small business operators. Results indicate that there exist some influence among few of the internal and external factors on progress of the entrepreneurs based on the motivation they undergo to overcome the challenges and keep them engaged in the hospitality sector.

This study aimed to assess whether renewable energy cryptocurrencies such as Cardano (ADA), Ripple (XRP), IOTA (MIOTA), and Stellar (XLM) can be considered hedging assets and safe havens for cryptocurrencies classified as "dirty", such as Bitcoin Cash (BCH), Bitcoin (BTC) Litcoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ethereum Classic (ETC) and the clean energy stock indices WILDERHILL Clean Energy (ECO) and Clean Energy Fuels (CLNE), from July 6, 2018, to July 6, 2023. The results show that the movements decreased significantly during the Stress period, which includes the events of 2020 and 2022. The Cardano cryptocurrency shows moderate movements, indicating stability and diversification, while Stellar shows moderate movements that suggest resilience. Conversely, XRP shows varied movements, requiring some caution, while IOTA stands out for significant movements associated with sustainable assets. These results interest players operating in these markets when they want to diversify and rebalance their portfolios.

With more than a million deaths each year, breast cancer is the top cause of death in women. Around 70% of breast cancers are hormonally responsive. Although several therapeutic options exist, cancer resistance and recurrence render them inefficient and insufficient. The major key reason behind this is the failure in the regulation of the cell death mechanism. In addition, ROS was also found to play a major role in this problem. The therapeutic benefits of Smac mimetic compound (SMC) BV6 on MCF7 were examined in the current study. Treatment with BV6 reduces viability and induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells. BV6 suppresses autophagy and has demonstrated a defensive role in cancer cells against oxidative stress caused by H2O2. Overall, the present investigation shows that SMC has therapeutic and cytoprotective potential against oxidative stress in cancer cells. These Smac mimetic compounds may be used as anti-cancer drugs as well as antioxidants alone or in conjunction with other commonly used antioxidants.

Symbiodiniaceae species is a dinoflagellate that plays a crucial role in maintaining the symbiotic mutualism of reef-building corals in the ocean. Reef-building corals, as hosts, provide the nutrition and habitat to endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and Symbiodiniaceae species transfer the fixed carbon to the corals for growth. Environmental stress is one of the factors impacting the physiology and metabolism of the corals-dinoflagellate association. The environmental stress triggers the metabolic changes in Symbiodiniaceae species resulting in an increase in the production of survival organelles related to storage components such as lipid droplets (LD). LDs are found as unique organelles, mainly composed of triacylglycerols surrounded by phospholipids embedded with some proteins. To date, it has been reported that investigation of lipid droplets significantly present in animals and plants led to the understanding that lipid droplets play a key role in lipid storage and transport. The major challenge of investigating endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species lies in overcoming the strategies in isolating lesser lipid droplets present in its intercellular cells. Here, we review the most recent highlights of LD research in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species particularly focusing on LD biogenesis, mechanism, and major lipid droplet proteins. Moreover, to comprehend potential novel ways of energy storage in the symbiotic interaction between endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and its host, we also emphasize recent emerging environmental factors such as temperature, ocean acidification, and nutrient impacting the accumulation of lipid droplets in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species.

The current study was designed to estimate the effect of heat treatment conditions on the quality of the pomelo and kinnow juice. The different temperature–time combination was selected to treat the juices. The quality of the juice was determined based on TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, reducing sugar, antioxidant activity, and sweetness. After the heat treatment to both the juice, the samples showed a significant decrease in total phenolic content, reducing sugars, ascorbic acidity and antioxidant activity of juices as the duration and temperature of the treatment increases. The acidity of the product increases, while sweetness decreases with an increase in the time of treatment. It was also found that there is no significant change in the properties with an increase in the temperature of treatment. It was revealed that low-temperature low time can be used to get a good final quality in terms of ascorbic acid, antioxidant, and total phenolic content of both juices.

Twelve novel neo-tanshinlactone–chalcone hybrid molecules were constructed through a versatile methodology involving the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination of 4-formyl-2H-benzo [h]chromen-2-ones and phosphonic acid diethyl esters, as the key step, and evaluated for anticancer activity against a series of four breast cancers and their related cell lines, viz. MCF-7 (ER + ve), MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve), HeLa (cervical cancer), and Ishikawa (endometrial cancer). The title compounds showed excellent to moderate in vitro anti-cancer activity in a range of 6.8–19.2 µM (IC50). Compounds 30 (IC50 = 6.8 µM and MCF-7; IC50 = 8.5 µM and MDA-MB-231) and 31 (IC50 = 14.4 µM and MCF-7; IC50 = 15.7 µM and MDA-MB-231) exhibited the best activity with compound 30 showing more potent activity than the standard drug tamoxifen. Compound 30 demonstrated a strong binding affinity with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in molecular docking studies. This is significant because TNFα is linked to MCF-7 cancer cell lines, and it enhances luminal breast cancer cell proliferation by upregulating aromatase. Additionally, virtual ADMET studies confirmed that hybrid compounds 30 and 31 met Lipinski’s rule; displayed high bioavailability, excellent oral absorption, favorable albumin interactions, and strong penetration capabilities; and improved blood–brain barrier crossing. Based on the aforementioned results, compound 30 has been identified as a potential anti-breast cancer lead molecule.

Abstract Coil tubing (CT) is widely regarded as one of the most effective servicing tools for dealing with a variety of oil and gas production issues, and it is also commonly used for oil well workover operations in India's upper Assam basin. The current work considers QT 800 to be the CT material used for actual oil well operations. With reference to actual operations carried out in some of the oil wells in the upper Assam basin, the current research analyses the limitations of CTs (QT 800, QT 900, and QT 1000) based on developing limit curves that can depict the operating limit and infer CT failure probability. This study also includes fatigue analysis to determine the likelihood of damage from hot oil circulation, water injection, and nitrogen shot operations while performing them using the CTs (QT 700, QT 800, QT 900, and QT 1000). The current work adopts the methodology of CT assessment based on a computational model built in MATLAB with respect to different oil well parameters in the upper Assam basin. This study takes an innovative approach by taking downhole temperature into account when determining the CT limit for QT 800, which signifies novelty in the current work. According to the computational analysis used in the study on CT limits, mechanical strain, thermal strain, and the combined strain of the CT material all affect CT elongation. This observation was often found to be a research gap in different research works as this aspect in previous studies was not considered while analysing CT operations. The findings of the present study highlight and draw the conclusion that temperature variations in the well and the CTU’s circulating fluid contribute linearly to CT strain. CT’s working limit diminishes with increasing internal and external pressure and diametrical growth, which eventually causes fatigue damage.

This paper aims at determining the psychological factors of bankers in implementing Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) financing contracts in Islamic banks. The phenomenon of low occurrence of PLS financing motivated the researcher to write this paper. The theory of modified planned behavior is used to explain the research problem. The research data were obtained from 139 employees of Islamic banks in Indonesia and processed using SEM-PLS. The results show that trust has an effect on attitudes; subjective attitudes and norms affect intentions; perceived behavioral control has no effect on intention and behavior; intention influences behavior; and the perception of inefficiency has a negative effect on the relationship between intention and behavior. This paper contributes to the elaboration of the psychological factors affecting the behavior of bankers in implementing PLS. The implications of this paper for designing the strategies to improve the bankers' behavior in PLS financing are: the management must boost the bankers' confidence for the PLS financing benefits; the stakeholder’s social pressure is needed; the authority of bankers in implementing PLS financing needs to be increased; the bankers' access to the partner’s financial reports needs to be expanded; and the regulators need to give appreciation to Islamic banks that have a larger PLS portfolio.

The rapid development of the era has made changes in various aspects of life, including the way of communication. One of the things the company does to communicate its message to its target audience is through advertising on Instagram social media. This article was created to analyze the signifiers and signified in advertisements, especially those published by Gojek on Instagram on 15 and 17 October 2021 using the Ferdinand de Saussure sign approach. This study uses qualitative methods to conduct research in collecting and analyzing data. The study finds 35 signifiers in 3 ads published on 15 October and 13 signigiers in 2 ads published on 17 October. October 2021.

The current study was designed to prepare whey-carrot-based functional beverages and to study the effect on physicochemical properties during the 28-day storage period. Different ratios of whey and carrot juice were selected for the preparation of the six formulations, out of which based on the sensory acceptance only three were selected for further storage studies (sample 1 = 45:55, sample 2 = 50:50, and sample 3 = 55:45 of carrot juice to whey ratio). During 28 days of storage, the developed beverage samples revealed a significant increase in reducing sugars, total phenolic content, and acidity. The pH, sweetness, and acceptance percentage of the beverage were found to be decreased with the storage period. It was also found that there is no change in the properties of the beverage storage with and without the preservative. It was revealed that beverage with less proportion of carrot juice is more acceptable quality. The results also suggest that whey can be used with fruit and vegetable to create the whey-based beverage.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postviral complication that has been described among children after 2–6 weeks of exposure to the COVID-19 virus from various parts of the world. Published literature regarding MIS-C in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the disease management and clinical outcomes of a larger group of children from North India presenting with features of MIS-C. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study of children with MIS-C, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between March 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021, during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India. Results: Out of the 37 children presenting with MIS-C, 62% of patients were male and 37% were female patients. Vasoactive medications were required in 14 patients. Eighteen patients required respiratory support, of which 17 received noninvasive ventilation and only one patient required invasive mechanical ventilation. Methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were used in the majority of patients. No patient required remdesivir. Thirty-six patients were discharged home with a median duration of 4 days in PICU and a hospital stay of 10 days, only 1 (2.7%) patient died during the treatment. Thirty-five (94.5%) patients received IVIG alone, and five patients (13.5%) received IVIG along with methylprednisolone. Patients who received a combination of steroids and IVIG had greater severity of illness, deranged laboratory parameters, highly raised inflammatory markers, requiring higher inotropes, respiratory support, PICU requirement, and length of stay in hospital. Conclusions: The decision to treat MIS-C patients with IVIG plus methylprednisolone or IVIG alone must be reviewed on an individual basis. IVIG in conjunction with methylprednisolone should be considered for patients with severe MIS-C and hypotension who have been admitted to the PICU.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a clinico-radiological diagnosis characterized by acute onset, and progressive febrile encephalopathy preceded by viral-associated febrile illness and carries a very poor prognosis. We present a case of 9-year-old child with dengue virus-induced necrotizing encephalopathy who was managed with pulse methylprednisolone therapy followed by oral prednisolone. The rarity of ANEC in association with dengue and good neurological recovery with supportive treatment made us to report this case.

Dissatisfaction with the policies often leads to protests from the people. It also took place in Ponorogo during the Dutch colonialization in 1885. Indonesian people protested by looting the Dutch Kontroleur Coffee warehouse due to the policy of forced planting and tax tightening. The action is known as Kampak Patik or Patik Robbery. The Dutch Kontroleur deliberately disseminated this negative stigma to impress as criminal behavior against the law. This paper conducts historical defense attempts by examining the value of Patriotism and heroism in the Kampak Patik event. The researchers use three stages of research, namely revealing the background of events, the action events, and the final solution of the action in the form of patriotism values. The approach of this paper is socio-historical with local document data sources (babad), books, and historical data. This paper concludes first, the Dutch policy of forced cultivation and tax tightening had impoverished the citizens in plantations area. Second, the protest was carried out by community leaders, including patih Ponorogo regency, lurah, carik, village staff, and members of Patik village community. Third, there is the value of patriotism, namely the defense of the small people, selfless struggle, sacrifice, and the nature of chivalry. Forth, the Kampak Patik protest had a positive impact on rising coffee commodities and tax reductions.

IntroductionIncreased soil salinity in the recent years has adversely affected the productivity of mango globally. Extending the cultivation of mango in salt affected regions warrants the use of salinity tolerant/resistant rootstocks. However, the lack of sufficient genomic and transcriptomic information impedes comprehensive research at the molecular level. MethodWe employed RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis to gain insight into molecular response to salt stress by using two polyembryonic mango genotypes with contrasting response to salt stress viz., salt tolerant Turpentine and salt susceptible Mylepelian.ResultsRNA sequencing by Novaseq6000 resulted in a total of 2795088, 17535948, 7813704 and 5544894 clean reads in Mylepelian treated (MT), Mylepelian control (MC), Turpentine treated (TT) and Turpentine control (TC) respectively. In total, 7169 unigenes annotated against all the five public databases, including NR, NT, PFAM, KOG, Swissport, KEGG and GO. Further, maximum number of differentially expressed genes were found between MT and MC (2106) followed by MT vs TT (1158) and TT and TC (587). The differentially expressed genes under different treatment levels included transcription factors (bZIP, NAC, bHLH), genes involved in Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), ABA biosynthesis, Photosynthesis etc. Expression of few of these genes was experimentally validated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and contrasting expression pattern of Auxin Response Factor 2 (ARF2), Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) and CDPK genes were observed between Turpentine and Mylepelian.DiscussionThe results of this study will be useful in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in mango which can serve as valuable baseline information to generate new targets in mango breeding for salt tolerance.

Abstract Background Though Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI) were used widely to correct pre-existing corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, they have been replaced recently with the more expensive methods like the use of toric Intra Ocular Lenses (IOL) and femtosecond during cataract surgery. We conducted our study to re-evaluate the role of (LRI) in correcting pre-existing moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery in settings where other options are neither available nor affordable. Methods Retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases of LRI performed by a single surgeon at the time of cataract surgery to correct moderate corneal astigmatism (1.5-3D) in a community hospital over a period of 6 months. Corneal astigmatism, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and best corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were recorded pre-operatively, 4 weeks and 3 months post-operatively. Data on age, intraocular lens (IOL) power, predictive refraction and post-operative spherical equivalent was also collected and analyzed. The number and position of LRI was determined based on the pre-existing corneal astigmatism using online calculator. Results 29 eyes of 25 patients with the mean age of 73.6 years (range: 46 to 90 years) and corneal astigmatism between 1.5 to 3D were included. Statistically significant reduction in the mean corneal astigmatism was recorded from 2.05 ± 0.45D preoperatively to 0.85 ± 0.56D postoperatively (P

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant public health concern on a global scale. Quick and precise identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in symptomatic patients is pivotal for worldwide TB eradication initiatives. As an infectious disorder induced by MTB, it remains a critical threat to public health, particularly in poor countries, due to an inadequate diagnostic research laboratory. There is a need for a persistent incentive to reduce response time for effective diagnosis and control of TB infection, which is a benefit that molecular techniques provide over traditional methods. Although there is a tremendous overall prevalence of TB and a relatively poor probability of case identification worldwide. Common screening techniques have focused on tests that have many fundamental shortcomings. Due to the development of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium strains, TB is one of the leading contributors to fatalities. It is now possible to examine TB using molecular detection techniques, which are faster and more cost-effective than previous methods, such as standard culture procedures to test and verify antibiotic resistance in patients with TB. Whole genome sequencing (WGS), faster nucleic acid amplification tests, has made it easier to diagnose and treat TB more quickly. This article addresses the genetic approaches for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens as well as antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium and discusses the practical limitations of using these methods.

Abstract B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins are evolutionary conserved across all eukaryotes. These proteins interact with HSP70/HSC70 and function as co-chaperones during stress response and developmental pathways. Compared to the animal counterpart, the BAG proteins in plants are much less studied and primarily Arabidopsis BAG proteins have been identified and characterized for their role in programmed cell death, homeostasis, growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress response. Here, we have identified BAG protein family (SlBAGs) in tomato, an economically important and a model fruit crop using genome-wide scanning. We have performed phylogenetic analysis, genes architecture assessment, chromosomal location and in silico promoter analysis. Our data suggest that SlBAGs show differential tissue specific expression pattern during plant development particularly fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, we reported that expression of SlBAGs is modulated during abiotic stresses and is regulated by stress hormones ABA and ethylene. In planta subcellular localization reveals their diverse subcellular localization, and many members are localized in nucleus and cytoplasm. Like previous reports, our protein–protein interaction network and yeast two-hybrid analysis uncover that SlBAGs interact with HSP70. The current study provides insights into role of SlBAGs in plant development particualry fruit ripening and abiotic stress response.

Natural rubber (NR) latex epoxidation is a chemical modifcation of natural rubber to produce natural rubber with higher polarity (oil resistant) which is commonly called epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR is produced from the reaction of natural rubber latex with performic acid. Performic acid is formed from in situ reaction between formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. During epoxidation process, the carboxyl group of natural rubber is converted into epoxy group and various side reaction products such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and hydro furan. These side products must be minimalized to optimize the epoxy level. The epoxidation reaction was carried out at 70 °C for 6 hours using 2 types of latex: fresh latex (FL) and concentrated latex (CL). The addition of reactant was varied in two ways: dropwise (coded “1”) and poured all at once (coded “2”). The epoxy product and rate constant (k) were analyzed to obtain optimum reaction condition. The epoxy and side reaction content were determined by Attenuated Resonance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The slope of epoxy-time plotting curve was determined as ENR rate constant (k). The optimum NR epoxidation reaction was achieved in CL2, which exhibited lowest value of side reaction and highest value of k (2.8082x10-5 L mol-1 sec-1).

Worldwide, crop productivity is highly influenced by heavy metal toxicity. Lead (Pb) the is second-most toxic heavy metal that has high persistence in soil. Lead is translocated in plants from rhizosphere soil and enters the food chain, where it poses a significant hazard to the health of humans. In the present investigation, seed priming with triacontanol (Tria) was used to mitigate Pb phytotoxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Seeds were primed with different concentrations of Tria (control, 10 µmol L−1, 20 µmol L−1, 30 µmol L−1) solutions. The pot experiment was carried out by sowing Tria-primed seeds in contaminated soil with 400 mg kg−1 Pb. Lead alone induced a decrease in the rate of germination and a significant reduction in biomass and growth of P. vulgaris as compared to the control. All these negative effects were reversed by Tria-primed seeds. Proliferation of photosynthetic pigments was observed 1.8-fold by Tria under Pb stress. Primed seeds with 20 µmol L−1 Tria enhanced stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (Ei), and uptake of mineral contents (Mg+2, Zn+2, Na+, and K+) and reduced Pb accumulation in seedlings. Tria caused a 1.3-fold increase in osmotic regulator proline synthesis to alleviate Pb stress. Phenolics, soluble protein, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were enhanced by Tria application, suggesting that exogenous Tria could be employed to improve plant tolerance to Pb stress.

Hospital and municipal wastewater contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. This study aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance and β-lactamase production in clinically significant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospital and municipal wastewater. The susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method, and the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases was determined using an enzyme inhibitor and standard multiplex PCR. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance of total bacterial strains (n = 23) revealed that most of them were resistant to cefotaxime (69.56%), imipenem (43.47%), meropenem (47.82%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (43.47%), gentamicin (39.13%), cefepime and ciprofloxacin (34.78%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30.43%). A total of 8 of 11 phenotypically confirmed isolates were found to have ESBL genes. The blaTEM gene was present in 2 of the isolates, while the blaSHV gene was found in 2 of the isolates. Furthermore, the blaCTX-M gene was found in 3 of the isolates. In one isolate, both the blaTEM and blaSHV genes were identified. Furthermore, of the 9 isolates that have been phenotypically confirmed to have carbapenemase, 3 were confirmed by PCR. Specifically, 2 isolates have the blaOXA-48 type gene and 1 have the blaNDM-1 gene. In conclusion, our investigation shows that there is a significant rate of bacteria that produce ESBL and carbapenemase, which can promote the spread of bacterial resistance. Identifying ESBL and carbapenemase production genes in wastewater samples and their resistance patterns can provide valuable data and guide the development of pathogen management strategies that could potentially help reduce the occurrence of multidrug resistance.

This paper presents a hybrid control strategy which combines the nearest level control technique with PWM control technique on a cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters (MLI). MLIs have become very popular due to its several advantages in the application areas like industrial drives and grid-connected renewable energy generation systems. With the reduced number of switches, driver circuits, conduction losses, switching losses, voltage stresses, size, and cost of the system, MLI has outperformed its two-level counterpart in terms of power quality issues. Reduction in the Harmonics and consequently the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the output voltage has added to the benefits of MLI. Topological advancements in MLI require a satisfactory output voltage control strategy. In this work, a hybrid control strategy for a smooth and wider range of control of output voltage is proposed. The hybridized scheme enhances the control range of the voltage considerably. Moreover, the THD is also reduced compared to the conventional sinusoidal PWM scheme. A thorough analysis of the scheme has also been presented in the paper. SIMULINK/ MATLAB environment is used for testing the simulation model of the proposed control scheme. This hybridized controlling technique is also simulated for thermal modelling on PLECS software and power loss analysis is performed. The mathematical and simulation analyses are validated on an experimental prototype using a TMS320F28335 DSP controller card. The hybrid scheme has also been tested for a fault tolerant model of the cascaded H-bridge inverter. The performance of the hybrid scheme under different fault condition has also been shown to work satisfactorily.

The Covid-19 is an unexpected event in the world history with substantial socio-economic impact on the global economy. The global financial market was also badly affected as reflected by the extreme volatility as well as weak performances in the stock markets all over the world. How do the Islamic stock markets in various parts of the world behave during the Covid-19 shock? The objective of this study is to identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization on the Islamic stock markets. Using the threshold volatility and event study models, the study analyses the impact of the Covid-19 announcement on the Islamic stock indices in the Indian Stock Exchange (represented by the Bombay Stock Exchange - BSE Shariah Index) and Indonesian Stock Exchange (represented by the Jakarta Islamic Indices - JII). With the date of event identified as 11th March 2020, the event window consists of 60, 30, and 20 days. The results show that the BSE Shariah and JII have positive coefficients, with the BSE Shariah Index shows negative response to the announcement of Covid-19 as global pandemic. On the other hand, the JII reacted positively to the event. The study shows the reaction of a stock exchange is dependent on other economic factors unique to the country, resulting in the events impact of the Covid-19 to vary from one country to another.

Fifty diverse genotypes of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) were evaluated for genetic divergence with respect to morphological and corm attributes at Saffron Research Station Pampore, SKUAST-K during rabi 2017-18. Ten randomly and tagged competitive plants were selected for the recording of observations for eighteen (18) morphological, floral and corm traits. All the genotypes were grouped into eleven clusters with the highest number of genotypes (28) in cluster I, followed by cluster II with 7 genotypes and cluster IV with 5 genotypes based on divergence analysis. The percentage contribution towards total divergence by various characters indicated that fresh pistil weight contributes 21% followed by multiplication index (18%), total flower weight, corm-1 (13.52%) and the number of leaves corm-1 line-1 (13.27%) and big corm index (5%), respectively. High cluster mean for floral attributes was observed to be on account of the grouping of genotype SSR/SD-30, SSR/SD-6, SSR/SD-15, SSR/SD-29, SSR/SD-2, SSR/SD-1, and SSR/SD-24 for yield attributes which provides sufficient scope for saffron crop improvement through clonal selection.

Diabetes mellitus leads to cellular damage and causes apoptosis by oxidative stress. Heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in Ayurveda to treat various diseases such as leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis. In this study, we worked out the mechanism of the antidiabetic potential of methanolic heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium (MPME). First, metabolic profiling of MPME was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to identify phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in MPME. Biological studies were carried out in vitro using the HepG2 cell line. Many antidiabetic compounds were identified including Quercetin. Methanolic extract of MPME (23.43 µg/mL–93.75 µg/mL) was found to be safe and effective in reducing oxyradicals in HepG2 cells. A concentration of 93.75 µg/mL improved glucose uptake efficiently. A significant decrease in oxidative stress, cell damage, and apoptosis was found in MPME-treated HepG2 cells. The study suggests that the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium offers good defense in HepG2 cells against oxidative stress and improves glucose uptake. The results show the significant antidiabetic potential of MPME using a HepG2 cell model. The effect seems to occur by reducing oxidative stress and sensitizing the cells towards glucose uptake, hence lowering systemic glucose levels, as well as rescuing ROS generation.

The objective of the study is to understand the dynamic relationship between Shariah-compliant stocks and the Google search value index (GSVI). The search strength is identified by the search volume of Shariah-compliant stocks on Google. The sample for the study consists of Shariah-compliant stocks commonly available in all the three Shariah indices in India, sample stock data has been extracted on a weekly basis from Sept 2014 to Sept 2019. The results of the study are based on the diagnostic analysis suggests that there is no serial correlation as demonstrated by LM residual test, CUSUM test shows stability in data, coefficient Wald test is showing there is no short-run causality running between selected Shariah-compliant stocks and GSVI. The outcome suggests that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship existing between Shariah-compliant stocks and the Google search value index. Trace statistics has five co-integration equations and Max-Eigen statistics has one co-integration. The vector error correction model (VECM) suggests the acceptability of the model. There are many potential investment opportunities for investors in the Islamic stock market of India. The motive of Shariah is to provide an avenue for ethical and viable investment to the investors. This study will not only be advantageous for the Muslim investors but also the other investors, industrialist, Shariah-compliant advisor as well.

A thermophilic esterase isolated from Rhodococcus sp. LKE-021. This enzyme was purified with purification fold 60 from the crude extracts of enzyme and recovery of enzyme obtained approximately 21%. The specific activity of the LKE-021 esteraseis 795.1 U/mg. SDS-PAGE analysis determined the molecular weight of LKE-21 esteraseis around 32,000Da/32KDa. The enzyme activity of LKE-021 esterase exhibited over a wide range of temperature i.e. 30° to 80°C and the enzyme remained stable when incubated on 60° for 2h. This indicates that the isolated LKE-021 esterase is thermostable. The isolated enzyme exhibits activity on various pH ranges from 2.0 to 12.0 and the highest activity observed on 11.0 pH.The LKE-021 esterase was active after proteinase K treatment and shows over 75 % specific activity i.e. 50 U/µg Proteinase K.

Objective: To describe the multicenter variations in perfusion practices, which persist nationally and to highlight the non-evidence based practice variations. Study Design: Multicenter National cross sectional web-based study. Place and Duration of Study: Multicenter national adult cardiac surgical units, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: The web-based questionnaire of the study was sent to 24 adult cardiac anaesthesiologists working in different cardiac centers nationally. Partial or unresponded study were excluded. A convenient sampling technique was done. Results: The response rate was 15 (62.5%). Sixty percent of the respondents were practicing in heart centers. The study demonstrated that 10 (66.7%) respondents used goal directed perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), with more than 80% used aseptic measures during handling cardiopulmonary bypass machine, consulted with the cardiac anesthesiologist in critical decision making and treatment of complications, and used protocol for trouble shooting during cardiopulmonary bypass. Nine (60%) perfusionists did not monitor continuous arterial blood gases and acid base balance. Thirteen (86.6%) respondents transfused packed red blood cells (PRBC) if hemoglobin ≤7g/dl. Only 5 (33%) centers used the scavenging system to avoid pollution by using volatile agents. Conventional polyvinylchloride (PVC) circuits were used by 13 (86.6%) participants while heparin coated silicon circuits were used by only 2 (13%). Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the perfusion practices reflect updated guidelines and they try to maintain standards in their institution.

This study examines Islamic microfinance as an important contributor to both the economic and human development of India. We are aware that conventional microfinance products have flourished in India; however, these products do not fulfil the needs of all Muslim clients. Taking small glimpses of Islamic microfinance (IMF), we can say it is working successfully in Muslim countries. From the meta-analysis we classify the literature into seven categories, viz. social benefits, religious values, business enterprises, poverty alleviation, sustainable development, rural development and economic development. The contribution of research papers has risen across the literature review and there has been a sharp rise in new facts pertaining to Islamic microfinance in India. As a diagnostic check, all seven factors of the meta-analysis of IMF contain evidence for the case study of India. Bait-un-Nasr is an urban co-operative credit society, located in Mumbai, India that has practised all of the factors extracted by the meta-analysis. This paper provides a roster of emerging projects accompanied by a comprehensive review of literature that will be useful to both academicians and practitioners for studying existing research and contemporary future research.

Salt stress is the major risk to the seed germination and plant growth via affecting physiological and biochemical activities in plants. Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are emerged as a key agent in regulating the tolerance mechanism in plants under environmental stresses. However, the tolerance mechanisms which are regulated by ZnNPs in plants are still not fully understood. Therefore, the observation was planned to explore the role of ZnNPs (applied as priming and foliar) in reducing the harmful influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress on the development of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants. Varying concentrations of ZnNPs (0.1%, 0.2% & 0.3%) were employed to the spinach as seed priming and foliar, under control as well as salt stress environment. The alleviation of stress was observed in ZnNPs-applied spinach plants grown under salt stress, with a reduced rise in the concentration hydrogen peroxide, melondialdehyde and anthocyanin contents. A clear decline in soluble proteins, chlorophyll contents, ascorbic acid, sugars, and total phenolic contents was observed in stressed conditions. Exogenous ZnNPs suppressed the NaCl generated reduction in biochemical traits, and progress of spinach plants. However, ZnNPs spray at 0.3% followed by priming was the most prominent treatment in the accumulation of osmolytes and the production of antioxidant molecules in plants.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known plant growth regulator, which participates in many physiological processes of plants under normal and stressful conditions. In this study, we investigated the impact of SA supplementation on the components of ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system, photosynthesis and growth of rice (Oryza sativa) plants subjected to arsenic (As) stress. Plants grown with As exhibited enhanced As uptake, increased oxidative stress, and photosynthesis and growth inhibition. Application of SA promoted photosynthesis and growth in plants with or without As stress by improving plant defense systems and reducing oxidative stress through interaction with ethylene and nitric oxide (NO). SA acted as an ethylene antagonist, reducing stress ethylene formation under As stress, while NO formation was induced. This resulted in coordinated control over the antioxidant defense systems and enhanced As tolerance, protecting photosynthesis and growth from As-induced damage. The study showed that positive responses of SA in promoting photosynthesis and growth under As stress were the result of its interplay with ethylene and NO, enhanced capacity of defense systems to reduce oxidative stress. The crosstalk of SA with ethylene and NO will be useful in augmenting the performance of rice plants under As stress.

Zinc phosphide is a commonly used rodenticide in India. Intoxication is associated with multiorgan failure and high mortality. We present a case of 17-year-old adolescent female with suicidal zinc phosphide poisoning, complicated to acute pulmonary edema and refractory shock. The patient responded well to supportive management and intravenous magnesium sulfate. As there is no specific antidote for zinc phosphide, the parenteral magnesium sulfate can be used as adjunct therapy.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue in health care in terms of mortality, quality of services, and financial damage. In the battle against AMR, it is crucial to recognize the impacts of all four domains, namely, mankind, livestock, agriculture, and the ecosystem. Many sociocultural and financial practices that are widespread in the world have made resistance management extremely complicated. Several pathways, including hospital effluent, agricultural waste, and wastewater treatment facilities, have been identified as potential routes for the spread of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in soil and surrounding ecosystems. The overuse of uncontrolled antibiotics and improper treatment and recycled wastewater are among the contributors to AMR. Health-care organizations have begun to address AMR, although they are currently in the early stages. In this review, we provide a brief overview of AMR development processes, the worldwide burden and drivers of AMR, current knowledge gaps, monitoring methodologies, and global mitigation measures in the development and spread of AMR in the environment.

This study aimed to formulate a wedding documentation business strategy that can be applied to Iphotobride companies. Respondents in this study consisted of 8 consumer respondents who were selected using purposive sampling, 5 internal companies and 3 company partners from 2019 to 2021. This type of research used descriptive qualitative methods with analysis of Business Development Strategies using IFE, EFE, IE matrix, SWOT and QSPM. The results showed that Iphotobride had an IFE score of 3,130 and an EFE score of 2,413. In the IE matrix mapping, Iphotobride is in the Grow and Build position. The strategies that can be carried out by Iphotobride are backward, forward, horizontal integration, market penetration, market development, and product development. The alternative strategies obtained are influencer endorsement (collaboration with influencers), increase management ability to collaborate with some wedding vendors, product differentiation and services with competitors, injection of capital loans by Investors/Banks. The suggested priority strategy is to improve management's ability to collaborate with some wedding vendors and differentiate service products with competitors. Strategic architecture that Iphotobride might implement or run to become a competency in the future is to make an all in wedding service package, or "gift voucher" for potential consumers who use Iphotobride's services on their wedding day. Keywords: architecture strategy, EFE matrix, IFE matrix, SWOT, QSPM

The live storage of Pakistan’s major reservoirs, such as the Tarbela reservoir, has decreased in recent decades due to the sedimentation load from the Upper Indus Basin, located in High Mountain Asia. The government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa took the initiative in 2014 and introduced the Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP). They planted one billion trees by August 2017, mostly in hilly areas. In 2018, the Government of Pakistan also launched a project of 10 billion trees in five years. We assessed the effect of different land-use and land-cover (LULC) scenarios on the water yield and sediment load in the Tarbela reservoir of Pakistan. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was used to predict the impacts of the LULC changes on the water yield and sediment load under three distinct scenarios: before plantation (2013), after planting one billion trees (2017), and after planting ten billion trees (2025). The model calibration and validation were performed from 1984 to 2000 and 2001 to 2010, respectively, using the SUFI2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP at the Bisham Qila gauging station. The statistical evaluation parameters showed a strong relationship between observed and simulated streamflows: calibration (R2 = 0.85, PBIAS = 11.2%, NSE = 0.84) and validation (R2 = 0.88, PBIAS = 10.5%, NSE = 0.86). The validation results for the sediment load were satisfactory, indicating reliable model performance and validity accuracy (R2 = 0.88, PBIAS = −19.92%, NSE = 0.86). Under the LULC change scenarios, the water yield’s absolute mean annual values decreased from 54 mm to 45 mm for the first and second scenarios, while the third scenario had an estimated 35 mm mean annual water yield in the Tarbela reservoir. The sediment load results for the second scenario (2017) showed a 12% reduction in the sediment flow in the Tarbela reservoir after 1 billion trees were planted. In the third scenario (2025), following the planting of 10 billion trees, among which 3 billion were in the Tarbela basin, the sediment load was predicted to decrease by 22%. The overall results will help to inform the water managers and policymakers ahead of time for the best management and planning for the sustainable use of the water reservoirs and watershed management.

In the present study, the selected rice (Oryza sativa cv. indica) was genetically modified to increase the amylose content in the seeds. The ‘CRISPR-Cas9’ genome-editing tool was used to knock out three isoforms of soluble starch synthase (SSS) viz. SSSII-1, SSSII-2 and SSSII-3. A genetic transformation vector designed with appropriate gRNAs, Cas9, and antibiotic resistance was used to create SSS knockout mutants to enrich the content of amylose. Putative rice mutants were developed with high amylose content in the seeds of up to 63% as compared to 23% in the wild types (control). Rice with a low Glycemic Index (GI) value and high amylose content rice is preferred to avoid a sudden rise in glucose in the bloodstream. The frequencies of bi-allelic or homozygous transgenic lines of SSSII-1, SSSII-2, and SSSII-3 in the first generation were tested via the Mendelian fashion of segregated bi-allelic lines in the T1 generation of the putative rice mutants. The T1 generation segregation showed a frame-shift mutation. A molecular characterization of the putative mutants successfully demonstrated the development of a Cas9-free rice mutant with a higher amount of amylose in the rice.

Rhodococcus sp. LKE-021 from soil samples of the region of Gangotri (10,000 feet of average height) of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India, produced a thermophilic esterase. The physiological and morphological characteristics of the isolated Rhodococcus sp. LKE-021 detected as Gram Positive, rod shape, catalase positive, indole negative, positive to glucose and xylose fermentation test, and can grow on the Nutrient Broth medium. Esterase production confirmed on the basis of spectrophotometric enzyme assay. Taxonomic characteristics Rhodococcus confirmed by 16s rRNA gene sequencing.

The aims of this research to see how the pattern of mediation is seen as effective in resolving medical disputes in the review of Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and alternative resolutions of off-court disputes and Perma No. 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation in the court. The research methodology used is the Normative legal research methodology with a document study approach/literature study, by examining references related to the writing object. Based on the results of the study in the case of cases of medical disputes or disputes between patients and doctors/dentists and/or hospitals including those who feel disadvantaged by the actions of doctors/dentists in accordance with Article 66 of Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, better resolved by mediation In mediation, the parties directly discuss what is the process of resolving disputes that are discussed and voluntary and provide information on what might offer a chronological and expected approach in overcoming demands, preferably mediation used as the main form in resolving medical disputes, because mediation is faster, cheaper, easier, and its nature does not cause long hostilities because no one is defeated

Forty-day-old Brassica juncea (var. Pusa Jai Kisan) plants were exposed to arsenic (As, 250 µM Na2HAsO4·7H2O) stress. The ameliorative role of ferrous sulfate (2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O, herein FeSO4) was evaluated at 7 days after treatment (7 DAT) and 14 DAT. Whereas, As induced high magnitude oxidative stress, FeSO4 limited it. In general, As decreased the growth and photosynthetic parameters less when in the presence of FeSO4. Furthermore, components of the antioxidant system operated in better coordination with FeSO4. Contents of non-protein thiols and phytochelatins were higher with the supply of FeSO4. Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an As-induced decrease in almost every multi-protein-pigment complex (MPC), and an increase in PSII subcomplex, LHCII monomers and free proteins. FeSO4 supplication helped in the retention of a better stoichiometry of light-harvesting complexes and stabilized every MPC, including supra-molecular complexes, PSI/PSII core dimer/ATP Synthase, Cytochrome b6/f dimer and LHCII dimer. FeSO4 strengthened the plant defence, perhaps by channelizing iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) to biosynthetic and anabolic pathways. Such metabolism could improve levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the contents of glutathione, and phytochelatins. Important key support might be extended to the chloroplast through better supply of Fe-S clusters. Therefore, our results suggest the importance of both iron and sulfur to combat As-induced stress in the Indian mustard plant at biochemical and molecular levels through enhanced antioxidant potential and proteomic adjustments in the photosynthetic apparatus.