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Background: Glenohumeral (GH) instability is a common entity that primarily affects young active populations and athletes in particular. Shoulder dislocation occurs when the humeral head is forced out of the glenoid fossa. Once the soft tissues supporting the shoulder become loose or torn, the shoulder joint becomes prone to dislocations. Various imaging techniques are available for the evaluation of shoulder joint abnormalities including plain radiographs, conventional arthrography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, MRI and MR arthrography. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the best modality for assessment of shoulder joint pathology as it provides superior multiplaner capability and exceptional soft tissue contrast. MR arthrography, in particular, is more superior to conventional (non-arthrographic) MRI for the detection of the assessment of labral tears and articular cartilage damage. We have searched literatures in PubMed, Google scholar, Egyptian bank of knowledge and science direct. Conclusion: Various imagingtechniques are useful in assessment of shoulder instability. MRI and MR arthrography are considered the imaging modalities of choice for such cases as they provide superior soft tissue contrast in addition to the benefit gained form joint distension in MR arthrography allowing for better assessment of the labrum.

Background: The glenohumeral joint has a unique structure which allows for the widest range of motion among all joints in the human body; however this unfortunately makes the joint inherently unstable. Various imaging techniques are available for assessment of shoulder joint abnormalities. Magnetic resonance arthrography is considered the best modality for the assessment of disorders related to shoulder instability. The injection of para magnetic contrast solution into the joint cavity induced distension of the capsule allowing separation of the intra articular structures and beret visualization of shoulder disorders. However, arthrography is a time-consuming, minimally invasive procedure, which, although generally safe, it might carries some risks like hemorrhage and infection. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR arthrography (MRA) in the detection of shoulder disorders in patients having shoulder instability. Patients and methods: Between February 2017 and March 2021, 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of shoulder instability were examined by MR arthrography. MR arthrographic finings including the different labral tears, rotator-cuff tears (RCTs) and Hill–Sachs lesions were recognized and compared to surgical arthroscope ‘ the gold standard’. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated for MR arthrography. Results: MRA showed sensitivity and specificity of about 90% for the detection of classic Bankart lesions, sensitivity of 91.8 and specificity of 100%, for detecting bony Bankart lesions, sensitivity and specificity of 91.6 %, and 100% for the detection of SLAP lesions. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Hill-Sachs were 92.31%, 100% respectively; the sensitivity and specificity in the detection of RCTs were 95.24% and 100%. Conclusion: MR arthrography has a high diagnostic performance in the detection of different labral tears. RCTs (in particular partial thickness RCTs) and Hill–Sachs lesions.