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Purpose: This research aims to identify the factors affecting social network marketing based on gaining a competitive advantage and designing a model related to the communication between them.Method: This research is applied in its purpose, and conducted using a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, first by reviewing the literature in the field of social network marketing and using the meta-combination method, the factors affecting it were identified and divided into three categories. subsequently, the relationships between these factors were determined and analytically analyzed using the interpretative structural modeling approach. In the modeling section, a questionnaire was distributed among experts selected through snowball sampling.Findings: The results of this research led to the classification of factors affecting social network marketing based on gaining competitive advantage and designing a model of these factors. In this model, the categories of organizational and structural resources (responsiveness to customers, service quality), marketing (attracting more customers, efficiency), and competitive advantage based on social media (branding, profitability), indicate the factors and the way of communication and interaction of these factors.Conclusion: Finally, the interpretation of the model, analysis of its levels, and the relationships among dimensions were discussed and solutions were provided in this regard.

This research has been done to identify and rank factors affecting the growth and development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. The current research is a mixed type of research in terms of its applied-developmental goal and terms of its implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative part of this research includes 50 managers of Refah Kargaran Bank branches in Fars and Bushehr provinces. A statistical sample consisting of 25 branch managers was selected using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes 600 middle-level employees and managers of Fars and Bushehr Refah Kargaran Bank, among whom 234 people were selected as a sample by simple random method. To analyze quantitative data in this research, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. The findings of the theme analysis using the TOPSIS model showed that the use of customer relationship management policies (needs assessment, responsiveness, satisfaction, and loyalty) with a coefficient of 0.842 had the greatest impact on increasing the market share of Refah Bank, and the support and facilitation services of Refah Bank. Workers with a proximity coefficient of 0.444 are in the last place. The path analysis findings showed that the variables of attracting customers with a rate of 0.504 and electronic banking with a rate of 0.449 had the greatest impact on the development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. According to the investigations carried out about the planning process to increase the productivity of the Refah Kargaran Bank in a competitive environment, weaknesses and threats have the highest coefficients of 9.41 and 8.36, and strengths and opportunities have the lowest coefficients of 7.13 and 6.54. Strategies have been presented in this regard.

Background: Toluene exposure in construction workers can lead to several health problems, primarily affecting the nervous system, respiratory system, and skin. Utilizing advanced photocatalytic materials to degrade gaseous toluene aims to significantly mitigate its negative impact. Methods: In this research, photocatalysts based on pure TiO2 and modified TiO2 were synthesized to evaluate their efficacy in degrading gaseous toluene, a prevalent air pollutant in construction settings. Two synthesis methods were employed. Sonoprecipitation was used to create Fe-N co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in the first method, while the second method utilized co-precipitation and hydrothermal techniques without ultrasonic assistance to achieve Fe-N co-doping. Seven types of nanophotocatalysts were synthesized, including TiO2-U (with ultrasonic assistance), NTiO2-U, FeNTiO2 (2.5)-U, FeNTiO2 (5)-U, FeNTiO2 (7.5)-U, FeNTiO2 (10)-U, and FeNTiO2 (5) without ultrasonic assistance. Characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts involved various analyses, including XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–VIS DRS, FT–IR, BET, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. Results: Ultrasonic assistance notably improved particle dispersion and prevented agglomeration on the photocatalyst surface. UV–VIS DRS analysis indicated a reduction in band gap energy due to Fe and N doping of TiO2. The study also investigated the influence of Fe doping, initial toluene concentration, light source, and residence time on the degradation rate of gaseous toluene. Experimental findings showed that FeNTiO2 (5)-U exhibited a higher degradation rate of toluene (63.5%) compared to FeNTiO2 (5) (50%) under visible light irradiation over 15 s. Conclusions: The study underscores the significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity for toluene degradation achieved through the combined effects of ultrasound and co-doping methods.

Objectives: Poor pain control in burn patients as a great public health problem disrupts the healing and rehabilitation process and results in several adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine in reducing the pain of burn injuries. Materials and Methods: From August 2014 to March 2015, 66 eligible burn patients participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of lidocaine (L) and placebo (P). In group L, lidocaine 2% was injected at a bolus dose of 1.5 mg/kg followed by infusion at the dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/h, and in group P, saline was administrated. Pain severity was measured during 24 hours at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours after intervention based on Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11). Morphine consumption, Ramsay score, and side effects were also documented. Results: Finally the data from 60 patients were analyzed. Comparing baseline with 24 hours after intervention, NRS-11 scores decreased from 7.12±1.42 to 3.33±0.76 (P

The present study explores a novel approach to establish a new bound on the Lorentz violation parameter cμν in the muon sector. It is achieved by analyzing the scattering cross-section of electron-positron into muon-antimuon under the influence of a strong magnetic field while considering the anomalous magnetic moment. By the standard model extension, the detected discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values of the anomalous magnetic moment can be attributed to Lorentz violation. New bounds on the Lorenz-violating coefficients cμν can be obtained by analyzing the theoretical scattering cross section's magnitude at a specific energy for both theoretical and experimental muon anomalous magnetic momentum values. The recently established bounds for the muon is around cTT+0.029cXX+0.07cYY+0.039cZZ

Objective Due to the limited study and research in the field of startup branding, the purpose of this research is to investigate the process and factors affecting brand creation in startups. It seeks to examine the importance of branding startups and their strategies. Methodology This research investigates the branding of 10 Iranian startups in different industries through multiple-case studies and conducting interviews with managers. Data gathered from interviews, organizational documents, and meeting notes were analyzed by the MAXQDA software. Data collection in this research was done using semi-structured interviews, and according to the purpose of this research, i.e. to identify the process and factors affecting branding in startups, an interview protocol was used to provide the possibility of gathering information under the guidance of the researcher. In other words, the interview was designed to provide access to three types of information: 1. background regarding the type and activity of the startups, 2. their views and tendency towards branding, and 3. Their branding activities. Findings This study confirms some of the findings of previous research. However, new findings are presented in this study. In the brand plan section, the findings of this research almost align with the theory. Theoretical and empirical findings show that brand design dimensions play an important role for startups due to their influence on company communication. In particular, empirical findings show that the logo design and name of a startup can be divided into two groups including internal goals and external goals. Based on the findings of this research, common patterns were observed in the branding process in the form of three themes including brand orientation, brand design, and branding activities. The branding process has various elements that should not be ignored to enhance brand equity. The findings show that branding is important to all startups, and they do take measures to improve it. The findings of this research are also different from the extant literature; activities such as public relations and sponsorship, using social media, and partnering with other companies were studied in this research, while they were not mentioned in earlier studies. Conclusion The most prominent features of startup companies are the lack of time, knowledge, capital, and human resources. Therefore, branding seems to be an important factor in the growth of a startup. In this study, it was emphasized that a brand is influenced by its visual dimensions. This study emphasizes the role of public relations and social media, participation in events, and partnerships with other companies, the importance of individuals and their personal brand in the company as branding activities.

Background: Recently, the prevalence of cesarean section (CS) has been on the rise and the proper uterine tone is an important issue. We investigated the effects of intravenous (IV) ketamine on intraoperative bleeding and the need for oxytocin in CS under spinal anesthesia (SA). Methods: This study, took place at Alzahra hospital during 2020. Pregnant women candidate for elective CS under SA were divided into two groups of ketamine and placebo. In group K, after umbilical cord clamping, 0.25 mg/kg ketamine and in group P 2ccs normal saline was injected. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at baseline, before and 5 minutes after cord clamping and at the end of the surgery. The drop in hemoglobin values, the administrated units of oxytocin and side effects were also recorded. Results: No significant difference was found in terms of patients’ demographic data (P ≥ 0.05). The mean units of administrated oxytocin in group K was 34.61±6.63 and in group P; 48.47±12.15, which was significantly different (P=0.0001). The drop in Hb was less in group K, however not statistically significant (P=0.094). The need for methergine was significantly higher in group P (P=0.0001). The mean HR was significantly higher in group P (P=0.027), however, no significant difference was observed regarding the MAP (P=0.064). The incidence of hallucination (4.8%) and nystagmus (21%) was significantly higher in group K (P= 0.0001), but nausea and vomiting were more significant in group P (P= 0.027). Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of low-dose ketamine in CS under S.A could significantly reduce the administrated oxytocin units and the need for additional utero-tonics and was associated with less drop in Hb values.

Abstract Designing a new brand alone is not enough and what measures can be taken to strengthen it is also of great importance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to design a model for empowering Iranian brands with an emphasis on open innovation approach in the home appliances industry. The present study can be objectively categorized as an applied one and is conducted through a mixed methodology (qualitative-quantitative). Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection tools in qualitative and quantitative sections, respectively, and their validity and reliability were evaluated as desirable. Having reviewed the related literature and research background, semi-structured interview protocols were prepared to gather data. The participants were selected among scientific and executive professionals involved in the home appliances industry using the snowball sampling method. Also, the statistical sample of the research in the quantitative part consisted of 386 customers of home appliances in Tehran. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, grounded theory was applied benefitting from MAXQDA software, while in the quantitative part, factor analysis (FA) was used. The findings of the research revealed that the factors focusing on the supply and demand chain strengthen the brand of Iranian home appliances. This study also introduces mental, communicative, and adaptive strategies which, themselves, are affected by intervening (human and organizational factors) and contextual (macro and micro factors) conditions. Moreover, implementing these strategies may have some consequences related to customers, societies, and organizations. Data analysis of quantitative section findings after applying grounded theory led to making a final model based on the factor analysis methodology. Introduction One of the benefits of a strong brand is its impact on reducing marketing costs (Agmeka et al., 2019). Experience has indicated that even during recession periods, strong brands face fewer problems in the field of sales reduction than similar products which are not considered famous brands (Azham & Ahmad, 2020). Academic and management schools of thought jointly agree that the power of a brand leads to profitability and acts as a competitive advantage in the industry (Bianchi, 2014). Although a powerful brand can have a relatively long life in normal conditions, due to the changes and developments in the environment, of which technology is perhaps one of the most important factors, it gradually enters the decline stage. Therefore, the managers and owners of economic organizations and businesses that operate in an increasingly competitive environment face a constant challenge that is maintaining well-known brands and preventing their lifespan from shortening. The issue of maintaining the brand, strengthening it and continuing its life has been raised because building a new brand alone is not enough, and how it should be maintained and what measures can be taken to strengthen it, have also particular importance. Although brand strengthening is important for all goods and services and improves their value (Kleih et al., 2023), the need to strengthen the brand in order to achieve marketing goals for some industries and businesses, including home appliance industries, is more than non-durable consumer goods and some products which are simple and ordinary. This requires providing a model as a guide for managers and researchers so that this vital industry of the country can be pushed towards brand strengthening in the national and international arena, and a wide effort can be made in line with the growth of this industry. Therefore, the answer to this question is vital: what is the appropriate model for strengthening the Iranian home appliance brands with an emphasis on open innovation? Methodology The current research is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of research method and type of data, it is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) design. Due to the impossibility of coordination with a number of experts to attend the joint meeting at the same time and the lack of knowledge of the researcher about the level of knowledge and mentality of domestic experts regarding new issues in strengthening the brand of home appliances with an open innovation approach, the interview method was chosen. Because a semi-structured interview was used instead of a structured interview in this research, the interview protocol includes predetermined open questions that allowed the interviewer to assess and clarify the topics during the interview. The sampling method in the qualitative part is purposeful snowball sampling and the statistical population of this research in the qualitative part is made up of experts in marketing and senior managers of home appliance manufacturing companies, sellers, and managers of the home appliance association in Tehran. The number of selected participants to conduct in-depth interviews is 6 scientific experts and 9 practical experts. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part also consists of all the buyers of Iranian household appliances in the city of Tehran. Considering that the statistical population of the research in this section is unlimited, the size of the research sample in the quantitative section was considered to be 386 people based on the Cochrane relationship. In order to select the research sample for answering, the available sampling method was used. The process of information analysis in the grounded theory approach is based on three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and average variance extracted have been used to analyze the internal structure of the questionnaire and determine its validity. Findings According to the results of the qualitative part, the factors affecting the supply side include paying attention to price quality, foundation based on knowledge and technology, and organizational agility. And focusing on the demand side, including after-sales services, encouraging dealers and sales centers, and the use of effective marketing practices and social responsibility creates a phenomenon such as strengthening the home appliance brand with an innovative approach. According to the model, in order to strengthen the brand of home appliances, mental strategies (brand redefinition and storytelling), communication strategies (emotional brand and brand development) and adaptation strategies (brand heritage strengthening and brand audit) should be used. Also, in order to strengthen the brand of household appliances with an open innovation approach, attention should be paid to the context factors. Macro factors (economic, cultural, social, political and legal factors, industry characteristics, and competition) and micro factors (costs related to strengthening the brand and product line compatibility) are among the effective context factors. Also, some factors and variables interfere with strengthening the home appliance brand with an open innovation approach. In other words, they facilitate or hinder the strengthening of the brand of these products. Some factors were among the obstacles and facilitators of brand strengthening including human factors (expert and knowledgeable stakeholders, expert employees, and top management attitude) and organizational factors (organizational culture, organizational learning, age, and size of the organization). Conclusion Considering the results of the study, strengthening the brand of home appliances will also have consequences related to customers and the society (creating purchase intention in customers, brand preference, improving customers' perceptions and attitudes, positive word of mouth advertising, increasing customer satisfaction, and loyalty and prevention of goods smuggling) and the consequences related to the organization (increasing profitability and organizational stability, creating a good reputation and image, improving brand value, increasing employee motivation, and reducing the market share temporarily). Data analysis of quantitative section findings after applying grounded theory led to making a final model based on factor analysis.

Key Clinical Message Recently spontaneous tension pneumomediastinum (STM), were reported as infrequent complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients but pneumothorax (PT), and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) are more frequently seen in COVID‐19 patients. PT and SE may present after PTM in COVID‐19. The aim of this presentation is to show the complications of STM in an Iranian patients with COVID‐19 disease with PT and SE, who were hospitalized in Arya hospital, Rasht, Iran. For 3 months, we followed these patients and their condition was good. STM are uncommon complications in COVID‐19 patients and were reported frequently in male patients. Early diagnosis and treatment could save the patients as these complications are related to poor prognosis and prolonged hospitalization. Patients with mild COVID‐19 and mild pulmonary damage may have a favorable outcome.

This article is the result of a research project in dynamic pricing and advertising to determine the number of sale tickets for a sporting or an entertainment event. For this purpose, a dynamic optimal control model was used to maximize the organizer's profit. To provide the best estimate, all potential variables and costs in ticket sales were considered. These included free ticket transfers, food and beverage sales, promotional goods, insurance, and other services (e.g., customer service) to ticket buyers. Using a piecewise continuous function (arrival intensity) we applied variables that are not controlled by organizers (e.g., impacts of seasonal change on demand) to determine the number of tickets for sale (capacity planning) and their dynamic and optimal price, considering the dynamic optimal advertising costs. Among the strengths of this study is the application of two piecewise continuous functions to analyze the effect of unsold tickets numbers on customers’ purchasing behavior. The impacts of such factors have not been studied in previous studies.

Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a successful treatment option for various psychiatric disorders. It is performed under general anesthesia where succinylcholine is the preferred muscle relaxant in this process. However its several contraindications and potential adverse effects, and the fact that it is not always available should be considered. Therefore, finding an effective and safe alternative is crucial. Objectives: This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of atracurium in ECT. Materials & Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was conducted at Shafa hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences from November 2020 to April 2021. Participants were 67 eligible patients with ECT, randomly assigned into two groups receiving succinylcholine (0.5 mg/ kg), and atracurium (0.2 mg/kg). Seizure duration, hemodynamic parameters, the time to return to spontaneous breathing, and recovery time were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: Seizure duration was longer in the succinylcholine group (P=0.071), while the time to return to spontaneous breathing (P=0.0001) and the recovery time (P=0.0001) were significantly longer in the atracurium group. The trend of changes in the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) were significant over time; however, the difference between the two groups was significant only in HR one minute after the seizure induction (P=0.001). None of patients was reported serious adverse effects. Conclusion: When succinylcholine can't be used, atracurium can be a safe alternative in the ECT process.

Steam reforming of methanol over nanocatalysts and nanocomposites is one of the promising methods for hydrogen production which is attracted by scientists. It is important to note that the precursor can play a major role in the preparation of these materials. In this research, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocomposite with different alumina precursors of boehmite and aluminum nitrate was prepared via urea-nitrate combustion method. The physiochemical properties of nanocomposites were assessed by XRD, BET, FESEM, EDX and FTIR techniques. The catalytic performance of the synthesized samples in steam reforming of methanol was investigated. The XRD results showed that lower crystals size for nanocomposite synthesized with aluminum nitrate and FESEM images confirmed better dispersion on the surface of this sample. BET analysis showed higher surface area for catalyst synthesized with boehmite. The catalytic performance tests in steam reforming of methanol illustrated slightly higher methanol conversion for the sample with aluminum nitrate source while the boehmite derived sample performed much better in less CO formation. The boehmite sample was also stable for 480 min in the SRM reaction.

Introduction: In recent years, the issue of brand and its management has been considered by companies and marketers. Famous and prominent brands in the consumer's mind contain a set of distinct associations. From a consumer perspective, a brand can create value for a product and is, therefore, an important part of the product. Since consumer’s shopping behavior varies according to the product type, this study can help both producers and marketers to present products in accordance with the needs and demand of the customer. Brand prominence is one of the important factors that influence purchase decisions. What factors affect brand prominence is an important subject in the marketing science. The emergence of global luxury brands in Iran in the field of sports goods is quite evident, and consumerism and the tendency for luxury goods are increasing. People usually use luxury goods not just because they need them but because their goal is to show their higher social status. Since the market of luxury sports brands in Iran has many customers and competitors, companies in these competitive conditions must establish their brands in the minds of customers if they are to make sufficient profits and increase their market share. Also, customers' decision-making in sports goods is strongly influenced by the brand and its value created for the customer. It is important to pay attention to some elements of the brand, such as brand prominence and decision-making to buy. The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual model of decision making to purchase by explaining the role of brand prominence and identifying its dimensions with a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Methodology: The present study aims to identify and construct a conceptual model of purchasing decision-making with the role of brand prominence. It has a developmental purpose and exploratory nature. The factors were identified by the grounded theory, and then a quantitative method and the research background were used to determine the relationships among the variables. Therefore, in terms of the data type, this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative types. Since the concept of purchasing decision making does not have a comprehensive model to explaining the role of brand prominence and the factors affecting it, a broad source of information is needed to evaluate these factors. Indeed, the decision to buy is influenced by various factors. According to the grounded theory approach, discovering the main concepts of the data, analyzing and loading the data code to identify the concepts and creating a theoretical model were undertaken in this research. In the qualitative stage, the grounded theory method was used in modeling. The quantitative data were collected using a standard questionnaire derived from previous research. The quantitative data were analyzed through factor analysis by the Smart PLS 3 software. Questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. Random sampling was also conducted on the customers of sports luxury brands. Results and Discussion: The results showed that quality (t = 2/521), brand awareness (t = 4/527) and brand image (t = 9.296) have significant effects on the brand prominence of luxury sport products. Brand's pricing (t = 0.349) and association (t = 0.705) are, however, unaffected by the prominence of the brand. Brand prominence also affects the purchase decision making for sports luxury goods both directly and through brand attitude (T = 28.9694) and brand loyalty (t = 10.55755). Considering the positive path coefficient in the first hypothesis and the significance of t-statistic, we can point to a positive and significant relationship between quality and brand prominence. Based on the second hypothesis, the effect of brand awareness on brand prominence was confirmed, which indicates that, with an increase in brand awareness, brand prominence increases too. The third hypothesis was not confirmed and showed that price has no significant effect on the prominence of luxury sports brands. The fourth hypothesis based on the effect of brand image on brand prominence was confirmed, which shows that, with an increase in brand image, brand prominence increases. The fifth hypothesis about the effect of brand association on brand prominence was not accepted. The sixth hypothesis on the effect of brand prominence on purchasing decision was confirmed, which means that, as the brand prominence increases in the mind of the consumer, the purchasing decision increases too. The seventh hypothesis about the effect of brand prominence on brand attitude was confirmed the eighth hypothesis that measures the effect of brand attitude on brand loyalty was confirmed as well. Conclusion: This research is an empirical study of designing a purchase decision pattern with a brand prominence. Quality, brand awareness and brand image had effects on the prominence of the durable goods brand, but the variables of price and association did not affect the prominence of the brand. Brand prominence influenced purchasing decisions. Attitude towards the brand also had a positive impact on brand loyalty which, in turn, played an effective role in the decision to buy durable goods. According to the research findings, brands can find a high position with customers by the study of how their prominence affects the decision to buy and the factors that affect the prominence of a brand in the minds of consumers.

Non-noble metal Ni with different loadings was coated on precipitated CeO2–ZrO2 support by the sonochemistry method and examined for catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol. The structure of the nanocatalysts was determined by BET, FESEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. The results showed non-uniform morphology of the nanocatalyst at lower Ni contents changed to homogenous morphology with spherical nano particles at higher Ni contents. While the size of NiO crystals remained constant with rising Ni content, the crystallinity of NiO significantly increased. If the crystallinity of NiO was 100% in 20% wt Ni/CeO2–ZrO2, the crystallinity of NiO in 5% wt Ni was found to be 41.13%. The average particle size in Ni(15%)/CeO2–ZrO2 was 77 nm in which 85.71% of particle diameters were less than 100 nm. Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol with different Ni loadings indicated improvement of phenol destruction at higher amounts of active phase. Removal of phenol increased with increasing catalyst loading from 4 to 9.0 g/l but further increase to 10 g/l declined the catalyst reactivity. Keywords: Ni/CeO2–ZrO2, Sonochemistry, Precipitation, Nanocatalyst, CWAO, Phenol

Investigating the factors affecting consumer satisfaction and loyalty leads to a deep understanding of consumer behavior that enables marketers to deliver products and services in line with the needs and demands of consumers on the market. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of utilitarian and hedonic shoppingvalues on satisfaction, loyalty, brand preference and Intention to repurchase Customers in malls. The statistical population of this study is customers of the hyperstar shopping center in Shiraz. sampling method is Simple random and sample size is ۴۴۷ people. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. Questionnaire is a closed-ended questionnaire based on the Likert scale of ۵ and has ۲۸ questions. The validity of the mean of variance was extracted and for determining the reliability of the combined reliability, and for statistical analysis of the structural equation modeling and software Smart PLS has been used. The results of the research show that in the hyperstar shopping center, two variables of utilitarian and hedonic shoppingvalues have a direct effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Also, the effect of the customer loyalty on recommendation to others, brand preferences, and the cost of changing suppliers as confirmed by loyalty implications. In addition, the impact of brand preference on Intention to repurchase Customerswas confirmed.

Objective Crucial success in tourism industry would be feasible through customers’ loyalty and their experiences. Accordingly, one can argue that organizations and companies need to do their best to build long-term relationships with their customers in order to create loyalty among the customers. Customer’s experience is considered as one of the recent basic changes within the customer service management literature. Nowadays, organizations provide the new customers with their customers’ experiences as an organizational brand. There is a consensus over the fact that shaping customer experience is important to create loyalty and that it can be considered as a key strategy producing wider and more capacities within tourism industry. The present study aims to investigate the customers’ experience as an important factor affecting customer loyalty. Therefore, we need a comprehensive instrument to determine loyalty based on customers’ experience, an instrument that can cover the weaknesses of the previous ones. This study aims at providing a model to determine customers’ loyalty based on their experiences to get over with the flaws of the existing models and to evaluate the tangible and invisible dimensions of customer’s loyalty using a procedural approach. Hence, hoteliers will be able to set positive and effective goals and plans in order to improve their customer services. Methodology This is a fundamental-applied research aiming at providing a model of loyalty based on customers’ experience in hoteling industry. In addition, the study is considered as a non-experimental research. Qualitative research method and more specifically, systematic grounded theory method was used to respond to the research question. The research population includes related academicians and experts and the managers of four- and five-star hotels in Shiraz. Theoretical sampling was used as the sampling procedure. The data were collected through face to face interview with the experts and in-depth interview with hotel managers. A total number of 25 interviews were conducted and the codes for written interviews were analyzed afterwards. Findings Comparing the present model with the models of the previous studies shows that this model enjoys a multifold procedural approach which focuses on the affective factors, consequences and causal relationships between the variables and attempts to amend for the flaws of the previous models. According to this model, causal loyalty conditions, issue-orientation, strategies and consequences, background and intervening conditions are all taken into account. Such a procedure employs a comprehensive approach toward customer’s loyalty based on experience. In addition, the role of intra- and inter-marketing conditions, particularly experiential marketing, on attracting and maintaining customers are highlighted. Implementation of the procedures and strategies are possible if complex conditions like customers’ mental development and hoteling industry capabilities are sought. The model suggests that implementation of such approaches is possible in case a set of strategies and measures are practiced. Such approaches such as providing better services to the customers, customers’ satisfaction, meeting with the customers’ needs, added value, service personalization, and fair pricing can lead to the implementation of customer’s loyalty procedure. Findings of the research obtained from the triple open, axial and selective coding stages indicate that the final model consists of 6 general categories (causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, issue-orientation, strategies and consequences), 14 sub-categories and 54 main concepts. Conclusion Based on the consequences obtained from customers, organization, and the society regarding loyalty, hotels can increase the social welfare and society general quality through creating economic and social capital. Therefore, hotels should consider the causal, background and intervening conditions around themselves and should emphasize on customers’ loyalty related procedures and measures within their internal and external limitations and capabilities in order to ensure benefits to the hotels, the society and their own customers. From the applied perspective, the present study can help hotel managers in Iran to assess their existing conditions in order to increase their customers’ loyalty. Therefore, the quality of hotel staff, the environment and physical space, and the services are considered as the causal factors affecting the perception and expectations of the customer from the services and the hotels. This leads to the creation of multiple value strategies for the customers and the consequences of such value creation will determine the degree of loyalty. On the other hand, academically, the present study shows that researchers are unaware of many issues regarding customers’ experience that can be investigated in future.

The influence of ultrasound-assisted rapid hydrothermal synthesis of aluminosilicate ZSM-5 catalysts was examined in this work. A series of MFI-type nanostructured materials with sonochemical approach and conventional heating were synthesized and evaluated for conversion of methanol to propylene reaction. The prepared samples were tested by characterization analyses such as XRD, FESEM, BET-BJH, FTIR, TPD-NH3 and TG/DTG. The obtained results confirmed that ultrasound treatment enhanced the nucleation process and crystal growth for ZSM-5 sample synthesized at moderate temperature of 250 °C. Therefore, it was found the formation of pure MFI zeolite with high crystallinity and improved textural, structural and acidic properties for ZSM-5(UH-250) sample compared with the other zeolites. This observation was attributed to the relationship between the perfect crystallization mechanism and catalytic properties, which led to producing an efficient MFI zeolite toward the optimal catalytic performance. In this manner, the methanol conversion and products selectivity of prepared materials were carried out in MTP reaction at 460 °C and atmospheric pressure. The ZSM-5(UH-250) zeolite with slower deactivation regime exhibited the constant level of methanol conversion (84%) and high propylene selectivity (78%) after 2100 min time on stream. Moreover, the synthesis pathway for MFI zeolite at moderate temperature and also deactivation mechanism of improved sample were proposed.

In this study, the microwave-assisted solution combustion method was utilized for the fabrication of Ca12Al14O33 as support and the amount of urea was assessed as an important parameter during synthesis of the sample. Synthesized Ca12Al14O33 with different fuel amounts was impregnated by KOH and used in the biodiesel production process with canola oil under microwave irradiation. The results presented that the crystallinity, crystalline size, specific surface area, and elemental composition of the final nanocatalysts are affected by the fuel amount. Moreover, during impregnation of potassium components, the structure of support was interestingly transformed from CaAl2O4 to Ca12Al14O33 structure due to the incorporation of potassium in an alumina lattice and more diffusion of calcium cations into a support lattice. On the other hand, when the amount of fuel passed the optimum amount (2 times the stoichiometric amount), the crystallinity was reduced due to the formation of high amounts of smoke during combustion and prevention of the entry of air (oxygen) into the system. The results of the microwave-enhanced transesterification reaction confirmed the results of the analyses that the conversion of 94.5% was obtained using an optimum sample at 450 W, 12 molar ratios of methanol/oil, 4 wt.% catalyst, and 60 min reaction time. According to the stability of the optimum sample [at least three times (>75%)], along with its unique mesoporous structure, uniform dispersion of potassium components, and high basicity sites, it can be considered as a comparable solid base nanocatalyst for biodiesel production.

Purpose: Suicide is a complex phenomenon that needs to be studied with a variety of approaches. The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of attempted suicide with the phenomenology approach. Method: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to analyse semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 participants (ages 19–57) who were recruited by means of purposive sampling from October to November 2017 at the Farshchian Psychiatric Hospital in Hamadan/Iran. Data analysis was conducted according to van Manen’s phenomenological method. Results: Identified three themes and eight subthemes: Mental pain (subthemes: living through grief, internal conflict, the world is better without me), Social challenges (lack of social connection, financial problems, social support services) and Need for love and belonging (feeling understood, need of empathy). Conclusions: Outcomes and key implications of the study related primarily to improving the treatment experiences of suicide attempt survivors and other at-risk population, and also advancing suicide prevention efforts and to provide support for suicide attempt survivors.

Objective: Thalassemia is one of the most frequent monogenic disorders, leading to impairment in the maturation and survival of red blood cells. The question examined here is whether, and if so, to what extent, people with beta-thalassemia might also be impaired in their cognitive functioning. Previous results in adults with beta-thalassemia showed cognitive impairment when compared to healthy controls. However, length of education was never taken into consideration as a possible confounder. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess people with minor beta-thalassemia and compare them to healthy controls, while controlling for length of education. Method: A total of 25 adults (mean age: 29.36 years; 56% females) with beta-thalassemia and 25 healthy controls (mean age: 27.84 years; 72% females) took part in this cross-sectional study. They underwent cognitive testing (executive functions, attention, working memory), and their haemoglobin levels were assessed. Results: Cognitive performance did not significantly differ between patients with minor beta-thalassemia and healthy controls. Irrespective of group, higher cognitive performance was strongly associated with time spent in education. No gender differences were observed. Conclusion: Compared to healthy controls, cognitive performance was not impaired among patients with minor beta-thalassemia when length of education was introduced as a further co-variate. In both patients with minor beta-thalassemia and healthy controls, higher cognitive performance was associated with time spent for education. Health professionals should inform patients with minor beta-thalassemia that cognitive performance is related to the length of education and not to the health status of minor beta-thalassemia per se.

Investigating the factors that affect consumers' satisfaction and loyalty leads to a deep understanding of consumer behavior that enables marketers to deliver products and services in accordance with the needs of consumers in the market. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of dimensions Shopping values ​​are on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The statistical population of this research is customers of Hyperstar shopping center in Shiraz. Simple random sampling and sample size are 447 people. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and SmartPls software have been used. The results of the research show that in the Hyperstar, two variables of utilitarian value and hedonic value of direct effect, and the variables of money saving, breadth of choice, convenience in purchasing, exploration, spatial attachment, social position have indirect impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Also, the impact of custom product variables and entertainment on customer satisfaction and loyalty has not been confirmed. In addition, the effect of satisfaction on customer loyalty has been confirmed.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting on relapse of addiction in substance abuse patients referred to Malayer Narcotics Anonymous Population. Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 340 substance abuse patients from Narcotics Anonymous population of Malayer recruited with a simple sampling method, in 2014. The standard questionnaire was used for data collection including demographic variables and causes of relapse via self-report method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS18 by Pearson Correlation test. Results: Age of respondents ranged from 13 to 71 year; with a mean age of 36.47 years (SD=11.4). According to the results, 58.2 percent of the respondents had 1-3 relapse, 30.9 percent 4-10 relapse and 10.9 percent more than 10 relapse. The participants reported their viewpoints regarding the other factors as follows: Among individual factors; enjoyment and fun (%46.2), and among familial factors, poor parental relationships (%25.6) had been reported by the addicts. With regard to the social factors, the existence of addicts’ friends (52.4%), and related to the economic factors, lack of job was the major element with (34.1%). Considering cultural factors, recreational use of drugs and loss of function obscenity (%55) were leading factors mentioned by the addicts. Findings indicated that all factors related with relapse (personal factors, family factors related to spouse, social factors, economic factors and cultural factors) are significant positive correlation with each other at level in 05/0 and 01/0 respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, exploring these correlates may predict the likelihood of relapse among drug users.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of consumers’ service encounter expectations on their service encounter perceptions in healthcare service (especially in cosmetic surgeries). PAKSERV scale was used for measuring service encounter expectation and perception. CFA analysis was conducted to test and validate the dimensions of PAKSERV scale. The data were gathered from more than 200 health clinics in Tehran city. All the respondents were consumers of cosmetic surgeries in these clinics. Finally, all the analyses were conducted by using 317 questionnaires. A confirmatory factor analysis successfully confirmed all the dimensions of PAKSERV scale. The results show that consumers’ expectations have a considerable impact on their perceptions in service encounters. It is also revealed that consumers’ perceptions from services are much lower than their expectations, and that they experience low-quality services which may cause dissatisfaction from healthcare services. Tangibility, reliability and assurance are the key issues that they expect, which have not been met successfully in cosmetic services. Furthermore, it should be noted that for providing high-quality services and achieving customers’ satisfaction, healthcare services (i.e. cosmetic clinics) should consider costumers’ expectations with respect to the aforementioned criteria.

Abstract Today, offering the best new product development performance has become the most important concern of the managers of the knowledge-based companies and they are trying to achieve superior performance by using different techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational memory on new product development performance in knowledge-based companies: by explaining the role of organizational ambidexterity, technological turbulence and organizational Innovation. Introduction Today, the life of the product market is declining and anticipated that will double the rate of product development in every five years (Wu et al, 2017; Awwad & Akroush, 2011). New product development is a strategic and key activity for many companies through which new products will have a significant share in sales and profits (Khasmafkan Nezam et al, 2014). As a result, new products that fix the needs and demands of customers are the key factor in maintaining and improving the competitive advantage (Manian et al, 2011). It is anticipated that innovation gains more importance in achieving competitive advantage and its maintenance as the organization environment becomes more complex and dynamic (Nasre Esfahani et al, 2013). On the other hand, today, the rapid fluctuations in science and technology and the economic turmoil caused by the lack of capital in product innovation have always been a problem, especially in developing countries (Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2015), And has persuaded the organizations to direct their objectives and tendencies towards organizational ambidexterity and innovation (Mortazavi et al, 2015; Booshehri, 2016). Considering the importance of knowledge-based companies in scientific and technological progress, and the complexities and changing conditions governing their business environment in the country, and given the success in offering new products, one of the most challenging management topics specially in knowledge-based companies, The present study aims at showing the impact of innovative culture and organizational memory on new product development performance with explaining the mediating role of organizational ambidexterity in knowledge-based companies and seeks to answer the question of how innovative culture and organizational memory improves achieving exploration and exploitation? And finally, how does organizational ambidexterity affect the new product development performance? Case study Research population includes Knowledge-based Firms located in the science and technology Park of Tehran University. 155 companies are located in this Park, among these parks, 90 companies are development, 40 companies are growth and 25 are technology core companies. Materials and Methods In the present study, a researcher-made questionnaire which estimates the effect of innovative culture and organizational memory on the new product development performance was used and includes 25 questions. For validity purpose, face validity and for reliability purpose Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. For ambidexterity and organizational memory scales, Lee et al. (2017) measurement and Dunham and Burt (2014) and Harvey (2012) with 4 questions were used. In this study, the definition of innovative culture by Lee et al. (2016) with 5 questions was used. Also, the scale of new product development performance by Chen et al. (2015) and Parker and Brey (2015) with 4 questions was used as the basis of the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the hypothesis. Discussion and Results Findings show that the conceptual model has overall validity and all key paths in the model are statistically significant. The results indicate that while innovative culture and organizational memory can lead to higher new product development performance, organizational ambidexterity caused by innovative culture plays the mediating role. Findings show that innovative culture and organizational memory have a positive effect of exploration and exploitation; the results also show that innovative culture and organizational memory have a positive effect on ambidexterity. The results show that organizational ambidexterity (exploration and exploitation) has a positive impact on the new product development performance. The obtained results from the analyses showed that the effect of the increase in exploitation and exploration in the new product development performance is dependent on amount and direction of imbalance and can contribute to matching the ambidexterity mixed and balanced views. The results indicate that organizational memory improves organizational ambidexterity and in addition to having a direct effect on new product development performance, it indirectly affects it. Conclusion Findings showed pro-innovation culture and organizational memory have directly and indirectly (through organizational ambidexterity) effect on the new product development performance. The results also showed that pro-innovation culture and organizational memory through exploration and exploitation will help to better utilizing organizational memory to increase the new product development performance in Knowledge-based Firms.

In this paper, CeO2(30%)/Clinoptilolite was synthesized via HNO3 treatment and co-precipitation methods and then 1% Pt was dispersed over support by ultrasound assisted wet impregnation. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRF, XRD, FESEM, N2 adsorption and FTIR techniques. The obtained results from XRD revealed the main phase in utilized clay is clinoptilolite and also formation of amorphous structure was proved after acid treatment. FESEM micrographs confirmed significant structural changes in clinoptilolite after acid treatment and also formation of ceria nanoparticles. N2 adsorption presented large enough surface area for Pt/CeO2-Clinoptilolite nanostructured catalyst to be used for toluene oxidation. Finally, activity results indicated that synthesized nanostructured catalyst was highly active and stable and could eliminate more than 90% of toluene at 130 °C. Utilizing inexpensive materials in synthesis and assisting ultrasound in dispersion of active phase have made Pt(1%)/CeO2(30%)-Clinoptilolite a nominee to be used for catalytic oxidation of toluene.

The strategic alliance is an effective model to improve the competitive capability of firms and business, especially in the developing economies. However, the institutional environment of developing economies hinders the formation of such strategic alliances. The current research aims to investigate the institutional parameters in the formation of strategic alliances from the regulatory, normative and cognitive attributes. Data were gathered from a sample of 270 chief executive officers, deputy managers and consultants of industrial equipment and manufacturing contractors through a simple randomized sampling method, and the role of legal procedures, educational system and trust in the formation of strategic alliance in industrial projects were evaluated using regression analysis. The findings provided a macro-image of the effect of the institutional environment on alliance formation and showed that the legal procedures and the educational system have a significant relationship with alliance formation of the contractors. In addition, the more the technological uncertainty of projects, trust will have a more effective role in the alliance formation.

Background: Migraine is a common type of headache. Sometimes adequate pain relief is not achieved by conventional treatments. Acupuncture and botulinum toxin-A injection are known as non-pharmacological interventions for this purpose. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of acupuncture with botulinum toxin-A injection and pharmacological treatment in controlling chronic migraine. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on patients with chronic migraine in the North of Iran during 2014-2015. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to groups receiving acupuncture (A) or botulinum toxin A (B) and controls (C) by designed quadripartite blocks. All patients were evaluated at baseline, one, two and three months after treatment using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and other parameters. The analysis of data was performed in SPSS software Version 19. Results: One hundred fifty patients (48 males and 102 females) completed this study. During the 3- month study, the pain severity significantly diminished in three groups (P=0.0001), with greater reduction in group A (P=0.0001). The number of days per month with migraine, absence from work and the need for medication significantly decreased in three groups at 3 times of evaluation (p

This study aims at providing a model for applying multi-sensory marketing in tourism destination branding. The research method was Survey research. The population comprised all tourists in Tehran both, Iranian nationals and foreigners, totaling 10000 individuals. Random sampling was employed, using Levy & Lemeshow (2002) formula, which yielded a 407-person sample size; in practice, the size changed to 394. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed based on the conceptual model and the research variables. The final results show that multi-sensory marketing is effective on tourism destination branding, with an impact factor of 0.813, which is meaningful given the T score of 0.05. Moreover, R2 equaled 0.661, interpreted as 0.661 of changes related to tourism destination branding being due to multi-sensory marketing, and the rest, being caused by other variables. It seems that tourism and tourism marketing are each a matter of creating a pleasant experience for the customer, which is it made possible via multi-sensory marketing.

Nanostructured ZnAPSO-34 catalyst was successfully synthesized in stirring and static conditions via hydrothermal method. Effect of difference rpm of stirring on the crystallinity, morphology, surface area and catalytic performance of ZnAPSO-34 were investigated. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by various methods such as XRD, FESEM, BET and FTIR techniques. By increasing of stirring rpm, relative crystallinity initially increased and then reduced. By using of hydrothermal method under stirred conditions, nanoparticles of ZnAPSO-34 with narrow particle size distribution were produced. The synthesized catalysts were applied in methanol to ethylene and propylene process and effect of synthesis conditions on catalytic performance was investigated. The synthesized sample at 300 rpm exhibited the longer lifetime than the other samples. Moreover, methane formation for this sample was low.

Objective: Experiencing romantic love is an important part of individual development. Here, we investigated stability and change in romantic love and psychological correlates, including mood states, anxiety, and sleep, among Iranian adolescents over a period of 8 months. Method: Two hundred and one adolescents who had taken part in a previous study were contacted; 157 responded. Participants completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, current state of love, and mood, including symptoms of depression, anxiety (state and trait), and hypomania. They also completed a sleep and activity log. Results: Of 64 participants formerly in love, 45 were still in love; of 86 participants not in love at baseline, 69 were still not in love (overall stability, 76%); 17 had fallen in love recently while 19 were no longer in love. Significant and important changes in mood and anxiety were observed in that experiencing romantic love was associated with higher anxiety scores. Hypomania scores increased in those newly in love, and decreased in those in a longer-lasting romantic relationship. Sleep and sleep-related variables were not associated with romantic love status. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, among Iranian adolescents, the state of love is fairly stable, and that love status seems to be associated with specific states of mood and anxiety.

In this present study, various types of TiO2 nanostructures were synthesised via hydrothermal method from a commercial titanium dioxide. The effects of the initial concentration of titanium dioxide and the reaction time on the morphology of synthesised nanostructures were investigated. The TiO2 nanostructures were calcined at 500 °C and examined for the photocatalytic performance by decomposing formic acid as an organic pollutant. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterise the synthesised TiO2 nanostructures. The outcomes showed more influence of reaction time rather than initial TiO2 concentration on the properties of TiO2 nanostructures. Various TiO2 nanostructures such as, nanorods and nanotubes were fabricated at different initial TiO2 concentrations and reaction times. In addition, the synthesised nanorod structures showed higher photocatalytic activity than the nanotubes. This is owing to the presence of rutile–anatase combined crystalline phases in the nanorod structures.

Objective: Health behaviors are defined as activities that affect either health status or disease risk. They can be divided into 2 categories: risky behaviors and health promoting behaviors. The growing body of evidence indicates that unhealthy behaviors often cluster in young individuals. Patterns of health-related behaviors are significantly different among countries and even among various regions of a certain country. Method: The present study was conducted to assess the youths’ patterns of health attitude, health-related behaviors, and their mental and physical wellbeing. In this cross-sectional study, 800 university undergraduate students were selected using multistage cluster sampling method. Standard questionnaires were filled by students. Results: About 13.3% of students smoked regularly and 14.3% reported at least one occasion of drinking, and heavy drinking was quite prevalent. Of the students, 95% reported regular physical activity and exercise. Eating habits were not healthy among the majority of students, as there was a high consumption of fast food and salt, and only 23.9% had normal body weight. Self-care behaviors were not prevalent among the students (3.2% breast self-exam and 8.5% testicular self-examination). Conclusion: Many factors may affect positive and negative heath behaviors, including knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, legal constrains, social context, and economic status. However, lower health literacy leads to more negative health behaviors.

Impulse buying behavior is one of main concepts in marketing. It is affected on various factors such as cultural factors, psychological factors, personal factors and positional factors. Buying can be done because of different reasons (including of needing a production) and this fact aids marketers to better understand consumers’ behavior. Impulse buying is one of Pervasive aspect of consumer behavior and main aspects in marketing activities. Also, impulse buying is one of attractive issues in consumer behavior context. Studying this behavior aids us to know consumer behavior reasons in the moment of buying.This study investigates the role and effect of cultural values on consumers impulse buying. This study is descriptive and correlation and data is collected by questionnaire. Statistical population is consumers and buyers in Tehran city. Sampling method is stratified sampling and sample includes 307 individuals. This study, 8 hypothesis are tested and structural equations model is used. Findings show that personal improvement is positively correlated with emotional and cognitive dimensions of impulse buying. These dimensions are increased with decreasing of consumers and buyers conservatism. Cognitive dimensions of impulse buying are increased with improving the openness to changes of consumers and buyers.

The hydroisomerization of pure n-pentane over H-mordenite supported Pt-catalyst was investigated in a fixed bed reactor by changing reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and WHSV, as well as the H2/HC ratio. The maximum yield of isopentane over Pt/mordenite catalyst was achieved at 220 °C and a relatively low reaction pressure. To address the effect of feed composition on the catalytic performance of the samples, the catalysts were assessed for activity and selectivity in the isomerization of a mixture consisting of n-pentane (70 wt.%) and isopentane (30 wt.%) at 220 °C. The effects of pressure, WHSV, and H2/HC ratio on the catalyst performance were also studied using binary mixtures of the pentane isomers as a feedstock. It was observed that an effect of WHSV and H2/HC on the catalytic performance was similar to its behavior in pure n-pentane isomerization, while the conversion of n-pentane in the binary mixture showed a different trend and had a minimum value at 1.5 bar. It could be due to the presence of isopentane in feed and adsorption phenomenon of binary mixture on mordenite-supported catalyst.

The Validity of Survey was approved by human resources experts in University of Tehran and reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in Which the Coefficient of each Dependent and Independent variable Calculated more than 0.7. The Statistical Population of this Research included as Employees of University of Tehran Including staff and Expert Managers, this population is total of 4000, 384 Sample Selected By Cochrane Formula, Finally 400 questionnaires were distributed among Employee and Managers and for Decreasing The rate of Falling Out, more questionnaires Distributed, Finally 400 Survey was used to analyze the data. For Information analysis, structural equation modeling technique used applying path analysis using LISREL 8.88; the results of the analysis showed that the hypothesis of human resource management Practices has significant and positive impact on organizational performance in University of Teran

Changes in land cover (LC) can alter the basin hydrology by affecting the evaporation, infiltration, and surface and subsurface flow processes, and ultimately affect river water quantity and quality. This study aimed to monitor and predict the LC composition of a major, transboundary basin contributing to the Caspian Sea, the Aras River Basin (ARB). To this end, four LC maps of ARB corresponding to the years 1984, 2000, 2010, and 2017 were generated using Landsat satellite imagery from Armenia and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The LC gains and losses, net changes, exchanges, and the spatial trend of changes over 33 years (1984–2017) were investigated. The most important drivers of these changes and the most accurate LC transformation scenarios were identified, and a land change modeler (LCM) was applied to predict the LC change for the years 2027 and 2037. Validation results showed that LCM, with a Kappa index higher than 81%, is appropriate for predicting LC changes in the study area. The LC changes observed in the past indicate significant anthropogenic impacts on the basin, mainly by constructing new reservoir dams and expanding agriculture and urban areas, which are the major water-consuming sectors. Results show that over the past 33 years, agricultural areas have grown by more than 57% from 1984 to 2017 in the study area. Results also indicate that the given similar anthropogenic activities will keep on continuing in the ARB, and agricultural areas will increase by 2% from 2017 to 2027, and by another 1% from 2027 to 2037. Results of this study can support transboundary decision-making processes to analyze potential adverse impacts following past policies with neighboring countries that share the same water resources.

Study was to identify factors, components and barriers to tourism development in the city as a tourist with the approach and methods of survey. The population of the study, all domestic and foreign tourists three months of the year 88 125 512 and 105 112 people respectively are included. According to Cochran formula, 118 and 119 of the Iranian tourists and foreign tourists as the sample size and sample a total of 237 patients, randomly selected. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a total of 28 items, the first four factors: (Planning and Investment 9/41), (second factor: infrastructure, 1/11), (Factor III: Cultural and Educational 4 / 9), and (fourth factor: insufficient information 4/4 percent) 8/66 change of variables to determine the variance.

The Aim of This Study is Investigation of the effect of customer orientation on strategic innovation in Nikan Hospital, which considered as an applied research and the research methodology as descriptive and based on Survey. The population consisted of hospital managers and customers of Nikan Hospital; Customers Were Unlimited and Managers Population Consisted of 20 Person and the number of managers with the Morgan Sampling Table Selected as 19 samples for use in inferential statistics, In total, 349 samples Selected So for Decreasing the number of Responses, 350 Correct Questionnaire were analyzed in total. In this study, stratified random sampling method was used, In This Research, Internal Customer Orientation Questionnaire was completed by managers and other sectors of questionnaires completed by customers, results showed significant positive effect of customer orientation on Strategic Orientation.

Steam reforming of methanol is one of the promising processes for on-board hydrogen production used in fuel cell applications. Due to the time and energy consuming issues associated with conventional synthesis methods, in this paper a quick, facile, and effective microwave-assisted solution combustion method was applied for fabrication of copper-based nanocatalysts to convert methanol to hydrogen. For this purpose, a series of nanocatalysts with different sorbitol/nitrates ratios were synthesized by microwave-assisted combustion method. Their physicochemical properties were studied by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyses. It was found that enhancement of sorbitol/nitrates ratio led to increase of CuO dispersion and specific surface area, as well as smaller, nanometric and homogeneously dispersed particles. These significant characteristic properties especially achieved by CZA(S/N=3) nanocatalyst, resulted in high methanol conversion and hydrogen selectivity even at low temperatures. This effective performance was accompanied by negligible CO production as undesired by-product as well as poison in fuel cell applications.

This research explores the effective ways of sales promotion at liability insurance according to upgrade policies in Tehran. The goal is development of planning strategic to help Iran insurance industry. First, we evaluate opinions and views of Iran Insurance Company experts and Iran Insurance Sales Agents in Tehran on sales promotion (also, priority of the promotion policies) of liability insurance of Iran insurance company. Then, a questioner is prepared including all research hypotheses and goals. Data analysis reveals some results. The catalogs including all information of liability insurance are the first priority on increasing Iran Insurance sales. Television advertisings are the second priority and holding seminars for people and Insurance Agents is the third priority of sales promotion in liability insurance in Iran.

Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 nanocatalyst with utilization of two different zirconia precursors, namely, zirconyl nitrate hydrate (ZNH) and zirconyl nitrate solution (ZNS), was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The physiochemical properties of nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyses and employed for syngas production from CO2-reforming of CH4. XRD patterns, exhibiting proper crystalline structure and homogeneous dispersion of active phase for the nanocatalyst ZNS precursor employed (NCAMZ-ZNS). FESEM and BET results of NCAMZ-ZNS presented more uniform morphology and smaller particle size and consequently higher surface areas. In addition, average particle size of NCAMZ-ZNS was 15.7 nm, which is close to the critical size for Ni-Co catalysts to avoid carbon formation. Moreover, FESEM analysis indicated both prepared samples were nanoscale. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of various elements used and also supported the statements made in the XRD and FESEM analyses regarding dispersion. Based on the excellent physiochemical properties, NCAMZ-ZNS exhibited the best reactant conversion across all of the evaluated temperatures, e.g. CH4 and CO2 conversions were 97.2 and 99% at 850 ºC, respectively. Furthermore, NCAMZ-ZNS demonstrated a stable yield with H2/CO close to unit value during the 1440 min stability test.

Background: In the present study, we explored the associations between hypomania, symptoms of depression, sleep complaints, physical activity and mental toughness. The latter construct has gained interest for its association with a broad variety of favorable behavior in both clinical and non-clinical samples.Subjects and Methods: The non-clinical sample consisted of 206 young adults (M = 21.3 years; age range: 18–24 years; 57.3% males). They completed questionnaires covering hypomania, mental toughness, symptoms of depression, physical activity, and sleep quality.Results: Higher hypomania scores were associated with higher mental toughness, increased physical activity, lower symptoms of depression and lower sleep complaints. No gender differences were observed. Higher hypomania scores were predicted by higher scores of mental toughness subscales of control and challenge, and physical activity.Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that among a non-clinical sample of young adults, self-rated hypomania scores were associated with higher scores on mental toughness and physical activity, along with lower depression and sleep complaints. The pattern of results further suggests that hypomania traits are associated with a broad range of favorable psychological, behavioral and sleep-related traits, at least among a non-clinical sample of young adults.

Objective: Requests for elective cesarean delivery (ECD) have increased in Iran. While some sociodemographic and fear-related factors have been linked with this choice, psychological factors such as self-esteem, stress, and health beliefs are under-researched. Methods: A total of 342 primigravidae (mean age = 25 years) completed questionnaires covering psychological dimensions such as self-esteem, perceived stress, marital relationship quality, perceived social support, and relevant health-related beliefs. Results: Of the sample, 214 (62.6%) chose to undergo ECD rather than vaginal delivery (VD). This choice was associated with lower self-esteem, greater perceived stress, belief in higher susceptibility to problematic birth and barriers to an easy birth, along with lower perceived severity of ECD, fewer perceived benefits from VD, lower self-efficacy and a lower feeling of preparedness. No differences were found for marital relationship quality or perceived social support. Conclusions: The pattern suggests that various psychological factors such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perceived stress underpin the decision by primigravidae to have an ECD.

Utilization of active and stable catalyst could have enormous advantages in industrial application of biogas reforming. In order to achieve this goal, the effects of Cu and Co as promoters were investigated over physical-chemical properties of Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalyst in reforming of biogas. The sequential impregnation was used for preparation of catalysts. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FESEM, BET and FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns displayed that the active phases promoters could be effective on nanoparticles dispersion. The FESEM images showed that uniformity of particles size was improved for bimetallic catalysts in comparison with Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalyst but the specific surface areas had no significant change in BET analysis. Higher content of –OH structural groups on surface of Ni-Co/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalyst were proved by FTIR characterization. The performances of catalysts were assessed at atmospheric pressure, feed gas ratio of CO2/CH4= 1, GHSV=24 l/g.h and temperature ranges from 550-850°C. The results revealed Ni-Co/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalysts had the best activity. Because of optimized operating condition and application of ZrO2 as a promoter, the activities of all catalysts remained stable at 850°C for 24 h.

In recent years, steam reforming of methanol has been attracted more attentions, because this process produces hydrogen as clean fuel that useful for fuel cells. In this study the influence of precursors of Al2O3 in CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst preparation by the combustion method was studied. The nanocatalysts properties are evaluated by employing different kinds of analysis techniques such as XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR and BET. The results illustrated that precursor type has significant influences on phase structure, morphology, surface area and functional groups. XRD analysis showed that the nitrate based nanocatalyst has smaller CuO crystals with better dispersion. Also FESEM analysis confirmed the nanocatalyst with nitrate based alumina has homogeneous and nano particles in comparison to the nanocatalyst with AlOOH based alumina. Evaluation of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst showed nitrate based sample due to mentioned well-defined structure had superior activity in feed conversion than similar AlOOH based catalyst.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effect of five factors on purchasing food product including brand and reputation, being green product producer, quality of packaging, taste of food products and materials used in products. The study designs a questionnaire consists of 20 questions, distributes 440 questionnaires among some consumers who were regular customers of food chains in west part of city of Tehran, Iran and managed to collect 225 properly filled ones. The study uses binomial test to verify five hypothesis of the survey and it has confirmed the effects of four variables including brand and reputation, quality of packaging, taste of food products and materials used in products. In our survey, there are some positive and meaningful correlations among different pairs of five variables of the survey where the highest correlation is between materials used in products and quality of packaging (r=0.606, Sig. = 0.000) and between Quality of packaging and being green product producer (r=0.545, Sig. =0.000).

CuO/MgAl2O4 and CuO/MgFe2O4 catalysts were successfully synthesized with the use of spinel supports by a very simple and low-cost mechanochemical method. High-speed ball-milling was used to synthesize these catalyst supports for the first time. Materials were subsequently characterized by using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS-Dot mapping, XPS, BET-BJH, and Magnetic Susceptibility to investigate the physical-chemical characteristics of the catalysts. Acidity evaluation results indicated that the catalyst with the Mg-Al spinel support had more acid sites. XRD results showed a successful synthesis of the catalysts with large crystal sizes. Both catalysts were used in isoeugenol oxidation and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin reactions, with the CuO/MgAl2O4 showing optimum results. This catalyst provided 67% conversion (74% selectivity) after 2 h and this value improved to 81% (selectivity 100%) with the second reaction after 8 h. The CuO/MgFe2O4 catalyst in the first reaction after five hours revealed 53% conversion (47% selectivity) and after eight hours with the second reaction, the conversion value improved to 64% (100% selectivity). In terms of reusability, CuO/MgAl2O4 showed better results than the CuO/MgFe2O4 catalyst, for both reactions.

Regarding competitive world, economic factors and socialfactors could be effective on business. The social network has animportant role as social characteristics, propulsion and basic force forsocial cohesion in internet business activities. The purpose of this paper isto examine the impact of social networks on the Internet businesssustainability by intermediation of entrepreneurial intention. Thestatistical population of the study includes firms that make their internettransactions through the Mellat bank's web portal. With this aim, througha systematic random sampling method, 150 companies were selectedusing the Cochran formula and then the required data were collected bymeans of distributing a set of questionnaires. According to the results, thestability of Internet businesses is a function of the social aspects thatrequire a certain social context. Among the three aspects of socialnetworks, the social resources of information index have the greatestimpact on sustainability of Internet businesses, whereas the content ofsocial relations has the most influence on entrepreneurial intentions.

 The nanostructured silicoaluminophosphate, SAPO-34, was reported to be the most promising catalyst. It is well-recognized that template plays important roles in the synthesis of molecular sieves. In this research, TEA and morpholine mixtures as organic templates were employed in synthesis of nanostructured SAPO-34 molecular sieve. To correlate the modification of the catalysts features with their performances in MTO reaction, characterizations by XRD, FESEM, PSD, BET, EDX and FTIR techniques were performed. Physiochemical properties of the catalyst were affected by the type of the used templates. The catalyst synthesized with 75% TEA and 25% morpholine showed rhombohedral shape of typical SAPO-34 and also hexagonal type crystal which is typical SAPO-5 morphology. XRD patterns afforded additional support for the obtained results from FESEM images showed diffraction peaks of both SAPO-5 and SAPO-34. Performance tests were carried out to investigate the influence of different temperatures on the catalyst activity in a range of 300-500ºC. The catalysts prepared with morpholine and TEA mixtures showed relatively the same product distribution with regard to light olefins selectivity in the MTO reaction

In this paper, we are going to investigate the growth of the Iranian maritime transport with a focus mainly on the North - South transit Corridor, review of dry ports in order to support the Iranian container terminals at the south ports in order to increase the volume of container storages at the terminals. For the purpose of assessing the outcome of port operational management, the Balanced Scorecard System is recommended for development of the Iranian South Ports and further consideration. Balanced Scorecard system is known as the most effective tool that successfully communicates strategic goals of the company with its operational management. Balanced Scorecard visualizes company strategy and links it to operational level. The main part of this paper is dedicated to evaluate the role of container transit from the North - South transport corridor with a focus on the Iran North South transport corridor in order to improve Maritime Transport of Iran and increase the Iranian transit market share. Next part of this paper will be designated to consider the Iranian Southern Container Terminals at Khoramshahr, Imam Khomani, Busher, Bandar Abbas and Chabahar port which have suitable strategic position as transit base in the region.