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The main objective of this examine is to explore the elements that influencing the digital economic system and E-government courting. Commonly, the examiner is to analyze the impact of demographic variables are gender and schooling stage; as well as digital infrastructure, virtual readiness, virtual content material, and offerings on the digital economy in Malaysia. A minimum overall of 384 questionnaires could be disbursed to the goal respondents to collect the sample information. Four hypotheses helping to the developed to survey the particular targets of the examiner. Demographic variables expected to have a high-quality enormous relationship with the virtual financial system. Last however now not least, the findings of the look at shall offer statistics to E-government to understand what factors will affect the virtual economic system. Except, it shall additionally provide useful information for E-government to higher fit their people’s needs. The elements decided to boom high-quality dating among E-government and virtual financial system in Malaysia.

Silk nanofibers have been produced and examined in recent years for a range of advanced biomedical and biotechnological applications. Their fabrication involves the canonical approach of dissolving...

We characterised fibres and papers of microfibrillated silk from Bombyx mori produced by mechanical and enzymatic process. Milling increased the specific surface area of fibres from 1.5 to 8.5 m2/g and that enzymatic pre-treatment increased it further to 16.5 m2/g. These fibrils produced a uniform, significantly strong (tenacity 55 Nm/g) and stiff (Young's modulus > 2 GPa) papers. Enzymatic pre-treatment did not reduce molecular weight and tensile strength of papers but significantly improved fibrillation. Silk remained highly crystalline throughout the fibrillation process. Protease biodegradation was more rapid after fibrillation. Biodegradation was impacted by structural change due to enzymatic pre-treatment during the fibrillation. Biodegraded silk had much higher thermal degradation temperature. The unique combination of high strength, slow yet predicable degradation and controllable wicking properties make the materials ideally suited to biomedical and healthcare applications.

Silk fiber is formed by an assembly of fibrils. The fibrils can be isolated by a top-down mechanical process called microfibrillation and the fibrils are known as microfibrillated silk (MFS). The process involves chopping, milling, enzyme treatment and high-pressure homogenization. The milling is an important manufacturing step and to optimize the milling step, a response surface methodology was used in this work where the influence of fiber content in milled suspension, milling time and alkaline concentration were investigated. Output responses for the optimization were diameter distribution of fibrils, size and percentage of different diameter fractions, and the aspect ratio. The main and interaction effects of the milling parameters on these responses were statistically analysed. Milling time was the most significant factor for producing finer fibrils while the fiber content in milling had the maximum impact in reducing the number of large fibrils. Milling time had a positive correlation with the aspect ratio. The optimized milling resulted in MFS with an average diameter of 55.35 nm and 90% of MFS less than 100 nm based on high-magnification SEM image analysis. The aspect ratio of the MFS was 137. The MFS suspension was stable over the pH range 3–11.

Introduction: Little is known about the epilepsy patients attending in a psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) in the context of Bangladesh. Hence, the aim of our study was to see the frequency and pattern of patients of epilepsy attending in a psychiatry OPD in our context. Methods: One-year patient data were explored from January 2016 to December 2016 recorded in a register book of the psychiatry OPD by consultants themselves and data were extracted manually. The diagnosis was collected, and data were analyzed by Microsoft Xcel. Results: Among the total of 1474 patients visiting the OPD in the year 2016 at the psychiatry OPD, total epilepsy cases were found in 209 (14.2%) patients. Among them, generalized tonic–clonic seizure was found 144 (9.8%), absence seizure 38 (2.6%), partial seizure 5 (0.3%), temporal lobe epilepsy 4 (0.3%), myoclonus 1 (0.1%), and unclassified 17 (1.2%). Electroencephalography confirmation was done in 60 cases which was 4.1% of total patients. Hence, confirmed cases of epilepsy were 4.1%, and probable cases were 10.1% of total patients attending OPD. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that visiting of epilepsy patients in a psychiatry OPD is a common behavior and we need to develop expertise in this field more.

Introduction: Mental disorders constitute a higher burden on low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Mental disease is poorly recorded, and data are not easily available in countries like Bangladesh. Hence, the aim of the present study was to observe the pattern of mental diseases found in a tertiary care center during 1-year survey. Methods: One-year patient data were explored from January 2015 to December 2015 and were extracted manually manually from the register book. All diagnosis were collected, and data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Among the 1474 patients, most were in the age group of 11–20 years (388 [26.3%]) and 21–30 years (437 [29.6%]), next age group was 31–40 years (243 [16.5%]). One-hundred and twenty (8.1%) and 33 (2.2%) patients were found in two extremes of age 61 years, respectively. Males were 736 (49.9%) and females were 738 (50.1%). Male:female ratio was 1:1. Schizophrenia (360, 24.4%) was the most common psychiatric disease found which was next to major depressive disorder (187, 12.7%). Bipolar mania was found in 175 (11.9%) cases, and bipolar depression was found in 19 (1.3%) cases. Some other diseases such as generalized anxiety disorder was found in 57 (3.9%), obsessive-compulsive disorder in 35 (2.4%), phobic anxiety in 12 (0.8%), and panic disorder in 76 (5.2%) cases. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, burdens of mental disorders are high but largely unrecognized and underresearched area. To improve the mental health services in Bangladesh, further well-designed epidemiological and clinical research is required.

Denim is the worldwide much popular form of fabric. A faded stylish look can be achieved due to ring dyeing of warp yarns of denim garments. This effect occurs naturally in the process of indigo dyeing. Stonewashed cotton fabrics with finest washed appearance are generally woven from ring spun yarns which are ring dyed. This paper primarily focuses on the concept of ring dyeing, its depth and significance as well as the important ionic forms of leucoindigo derivatives suitable for uniform ring dyeing. The measurement and control of the dyebath pH is very important in case of achieving desired uniform ring dyeing effect. It has been discussed when the pH of the dye bath is decreased from 13 to 11, the denim yarn progressively becomes more ring-dyed. The paper also focuses on the continuous process of indigo dyeing of denim fabric. Again, the paper emphasizes on the appropriate concentration of dyebath and the dipping time to ensure an even and optimal ring effect by dyeing in several passages. Increasing dye concentration assists in building up shade depth, but the use of too concentrated a dye bath is not effective for deep shades as it results in poor rubbing fastness and more reddish, duller shade. Later, the paper discusses about the typical oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) range, its importance and how it is changed dependent upon the desired final shade. Next, the paper shows how the mechanical parameters such as roller numbers and diameter, squeezing, dyeing speed, flow profile etc. influence on the dyestuff exchange and the dye bath stability. Finally, the paper highlights the indigo dyeing process in a nitrogen atmosphere to reduce the consumption of sodium hydrosulphite in dyeing as it is oxidized by consuming NaOH when atmospheric oxygen is present in the alkaline medium. As shade variation is frequently occurring problems in ring dyeing, this atmosphere is essential to eliminate shade variation throughout the dyeing set and to be able to reproduce the same shade and dye quality on subsequent dye lots.

Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is an act with nonfatal outcome, in which an individual deliberately initiates a nonhabitual behavior that, without intervention from others, will cause self-harm, or deliberately ingests a substance in excess of prescribed or generally recognized therapeutic dosage. Here, the objective of the present study was to demonstrate the sociodemographic profile and intention of DSH in our context. Methods: This prospective observational study was done during 1 year. A total of 51 cases were recruited. Sociodemographic data were collected and intension to DSH was assessed using Beck's Suicide Intent Scale. All patients were followed up until discharge, and data were analyzed using the SPSS-20. Results: Among all 51 cases female were the most common 48 (94.1%), Muslims were more 41 (80.4%), 31 (60.8%) were from urban origin, most were homemaker, 20 (39.2%) were single, 16 (31.4%) were poor, and most were at age group

The effect of biopolishing treatment on color yield of cotton is of great importance to the dyers. Such treatment using cellulase has an influential role on dye ability of the fabric. Research into this area of dyeing has yielded apparently contradictory results. Cellulase treatment prior to dyeing can facilitate the dyeing process resulting in the higher color yield. However, zero impact or negative influence on the color yield of dyed fabric has also been reported. On the other hand, cellulase treatment after dyeing can be retarded by the presence of dye molecules or due to the interaction between dye molecules and cellulose. Though lots of research works have been done on bio polishing and as the application of the process in the textile industry has increased to a greater extent, the information on the effects of this process on color yield, both in cases of cellulase pre-treatment and posttreatment are absolutely necessary. Considering this the paper mainly focuses the previous works regarding the effects of cellulase action (Both before and after dyeing) on the color yield of dyed cotton.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of dyes extracted from mango leaves in silk dyeing. Extraction medium was optimized by extracting dyes from fixed quantity of crushed leaves under pH values from 3 to 12. The maximum relative color strength of the extracted dye liquor was found to be at pH 10. The optimum dye extraction conditions i.e., the temperature, time, and material-to-liquor ratio were found to be 98 °C, 60 min, and 1:10, respectively. Dyeing was carried out with the optimized dye extract on mordanted and unmordanted silk fabrics. The dyed materials were evaluated by measuring the color yield and fastness properties. It was concluded that the color values were found to be influenced by the addition of mordants, consequently different fashion hues were obtained from the same dye extract using different mordants. It can also be said that mango leaves have good potentiality for dyeing of silk fabric.

At present, customers are more conscious about the quality of clothing items. As a result, it becomes more challenging for the manufacturers to maintain the consistent dyeing quality. Unlevelness is generally unaccepted in commercial dyeing, except some cases such as stone-washed, acid-washed or pigment-dyed textiles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the color levelness quality of fabric dyed with vegetable dyes. For this purpose, dyeing was carried out on silk fabric with the aqueous extracts of mango, guava and henna leaves. Then the levelness of colored fabric was evaluated by spectrophotometric measurements in terms of color difference, ∆E value. It was concluded that unmordanted dyed samples have better color levelness quality than the mordanted ones. The unmordanted samples dyed with mango and guava leaves extracts showed excellent levelness quality while the unmordanted ones dyed with henna leaves extracts showed good levelness quality. On the other hand, the mordanted dyed samples showed good leveling quality for the three vegetable dyes except ferrous sulphate mordanted sample dyed with henna leaves extract. Again, among the mardanted samples the levelness quality was comparatively better in case of alum mordanted dyed samples and the average ΔE value was increased gradually when moved from alum to tin and finally to ferrous sulphate.

Some common problems of textile dyeing industries include uneven or faulty dyeing and formation of color patches on the fabric surface during dyeing and downstream processing of textiles materials. Such problems in the finished quality of fabric are generally tackled through a chemical stripping process which is a common practice in dyeing industries for the deep shade batches. However, reactive dyes cannot be stripped satisfactorily from cellulosic materials due to the formation of co-valent bonds between dye and fiber. This research was undertaken using 2.5% and 5% bi-hetero reactive dyes on pretreated cotton fabric and dye stripping was carried out in alkali reductive stripping process. The aim of the work was to investigate the effects of dye stripping on the quality of cotton fabric. Strength loss, weight loss, pilling resistance and absorbency of stripped fabric were calculated. Though with the increase of concentration of stripping chemicals and temperature, stripping percentages were improved; processing damage to the fabric such as losses in strength, weight and pilling resistance ratings was found. In contrast, increased fabric absorbency was found due to stripping. This is explained that during stripping, alkaline solution as an intracrystalline swelling agent is effective in loosening the crystalline region of cotton in addition to the amorphous region. Stripping agent can also attack such crystalline region. As a result, cotton fiber can release maximum number of hydroxyl groups which previously formed covalent bonds. This is the reason behind the stripped fabric having more water absorbency.

Evaluating the Performance of Alkali Reductive Stripping Process of Reactive Dyes The aim of the paper was to investigate the dye stripping performance of cotton fabric dyed with 0.5%, 2.5% and 5% bihetero reactive dyes. Stripping was carried out in alkali reductive process varying concentration of stripping chemicals, stripping temperature and using leveling agent. In order to evaluate the performance of stripping processes, the stripping percentage, lightness value (L*) and average ΔECMC values of the stripped samples were calculated. With the increase of concentration of stripping chemicals and temperature, stripping percentages were improved. The L* values of stripped samples were found close enough to that of pretreated fabric to carry out re-dyeing. Leveling agent had good effect on the levelness of remaining shade depth in stripping operation.

Service-based software can be misused by potentially untrustworthy service requestors while providing services. A service-based system is usually dynamic due to mutual collaboration among stakeholders to achieve goals, perform tasks and manage resources. However, it lacks the presence of a central authority to monitor the trustworthiness of service users. In this chapter, we propose a trust monitoring architecture, called TrAM (Trust Architecture for Monitoring) to monitor the trustworthiness of service users at run-time, facilitating the analysis of interactions from trust perspectives. Monitoring allows the enforcement of corrective actions that may protect the software by mitigating major unwanted incidents. The performance of the architecture has been evaluated by monitoring a prototype file-sharing grid.

The aims of the study were to analyze the treatment conditions for the use of acid and neutral cellulase enzymes and evaluate the changes in the various properties of the treated fabrics. In this study, biopolishing was carried out on bleached fabric using acid cellulase (Mega PK) and neutral cellulase (Mega L-1009D) considering three factors: concentration (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %), temperature (45, 55, and 65 °C), and time (40, 50, and 60 min). Changes in the physical properties such as weight loss, strength loss, pilling resistance, abrasion resistance (mass loss), and bending length of the biopolished fabrics were measured. Using Mega PK, weight loss and strength loss were found within 0.25 to 1.42 % and 1.7 to 24.7 %, respectively, while these values were found within 0.20 to 1.22 % and 1.5 to 18.9 %, respectively, using Mega L. On the other hand, pilling and abrasion resistance of the fabrics were improved due to biopolishing. In addition, bending length was found maximum 31.62 % lower than the untreated bleached fabric using Mega PK and 44.26 % lower using Mega L. It was also concluded that 1 % Mega PK showed better results when applied at 55 °C for 40 min, whereas 1 % Mega L showed better results when applied at 55 °C for 50 min among all the treatment conditions.