Search

Background: The consumption of unhealthy food is increasing among both children and adults, which can have detrimental effects on their overall health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of junk foods with standard physical fitness tests and academic grade point average among 13-15-year-old girls’ students in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation study. From 380 girl’s students aged 13-15 years in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran, 181 individuals voluntarily participated in the study. The schools were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Height, weight, and body mass index were evaluated based on the defined Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoffs in the National Health and Nutrition Survey. To check the amount of junk food consumption, Junk Food Frequency Questionnaire of Kamangar and colleagues (2023) was used. In order to assess the cardio-respiratory endurance of students, a 540-meter test was conducted. Additionally, a modified supine pull-up test was used to measure the endurance and strength of the shoulder muscles, sit-up tests were performed to measure abdominal muscle endurance, and a flexibility box was used to evaluate the flexibility of lower and posterior muscles (thighs). The grade point average of the students at the end of the year was used to measure the academic grade point average. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in order to calculate mean and standard deviation. Variables were examined for correlation using the Spearman correlation method.Results: Consuming junk food was found to have a considerable negative correlation with physical fitness factors related to health, such as cardio-respiratory endurance (r=0.371, P=0.04), muscle strength (r=-0.241, P=0.002), muscle endurance (r=-0.249, P=0.01), and flexibility (r=-0.134, P=0.01), but there was a direct and significant correlation between junk foods consumption and body mass index (r=0.18, P=0.04). Also, there was no significant correlation between the consumption of junk foods and the academic grade point average of the subjects (r=-0.06, P=0.12).Conclusions: Our results indicated that increased consumption of junk food has an inverse correlation with physical fitness and a direct correlation with the body mass index of the students. It is recommended to pay more attention and support parents and policymakers regarding nutrition and physical activities in society and schools.

This study evaluates the analysis of round inserts (Fixed and Self-Propelled Rotary Tools) when machining hardened steel. Self-propelled rotary Tools (SPRTs) exploit the entire perimeter of the insert rather than a specific cutting edge, minimizing insert wear and maximizing insert life. It is considered an environmentally friendly process. Tool and insert geometry have a direct effect on the surface roughness. Previous studies highlighted the significant effects of one inclination angle on surface roughness. Despite previous research that investigated only one inclination angle, in this research, the effect of both inclination angles has been investigated, and a new method for simultaneous application has been used. The optimal use of both inclination angles has significantly improved the quality of the machined surface. Therefore, an optimal holder has been designed and fabricated based on the cutting forces and component shapes, allowing inclination angle changes. The full factorial design of the experiment is adopted, and the effects of the horizontal and vertical inclination angles and feed rate in fixed tool and SPRT turning have been evaluated, each in 3 levels with a total of 54 experiments. The equivalent insert radius is defined using the inclination angles and an analytical model is developed concerning the equivalent insert radius to predict surface roughness. The proposed model accurately estimated roughness in fixed tool turning for an R-square of 0.81 and 0.76 for SPRT turning. In the best condition, the surface roughness has been measured at 0.472 μm in the fixed tool turning and 0.409 μm in SPRT turning.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)and vitamin D3 supplementation on Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 5 (CCL-5) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5(CCR5) in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of male rats with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and Methods: The experimental study involved 40 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups (n=8). Thesegroups were healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic+HIIT (DHIIT), diabetic+vitamin D3 (DD3), anddiabetic+HIIT+vitamin D3 (DHIITD3). The rats completed 8 weeks of HIIT, consisting of 12 sessions lasting 1 minuteeach at an intensity of 90-95% of their maximum running speed. Additionally, the rats were administered a weekly doseof 10,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 for 8 weeks.Results: The levels of CCL-5 (P

Pineapple mealybugs are responsible for the emergence of pineapple wilt disease and the subsequent transmission of the pineapple disease virus. This study aimed to evaluate the alternate host plants as potential trap crops for pineapple mealybug. A total of nine host plant species, banana, pumpkin, roselle, hibiscus, ground fig, okra, java grass, goose grass and rhodes grass were selected for the study. Thirty adult females of pineapple mealybug were reared on a pumpkin for two months. Three replicates of a plot (area covered with black netting measuring 3 m × 3 m) were set up. Nine host plant species, approximately 2–3 feet in a 16 inch × 16 inch polybag were arranged in a circle around the pumpkin. The effectiveness of the host plant species was determined by calculating the infestation of each plant species for six months (with two-week observations). Our findings revealed that the pineapple mealybug prefers banana with the greatest mean and SD value (621.7±172.7), followed by pumpkin (237.0±45.6) and the lowest one is rhodes grass (2.00±26.5). ANOVA results show that there is a significant difference between host plant species (F-value of 26.87 and a P-value < 0.00). The observations suggest that banana has the potential to be utilized as trap crops for pineapple mealybug, and can be considered in IPM strategy to control pineapple mealybug.

Abstract One of the most significant consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the anxiety and stress it causes among the general population, which can be reduced by engaging in regular physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of physical activity and mood state during the COVID-19 quarantine among the Kermanshah population. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2471 subjects (1256 males and 1215 females) were selected in the population of Kermanshah in the west of Iran, using the convenience sampling method. Physical activity levels were assessed using the physical activity (PA) questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), and mood state was measured by the abbreviated form of the Iranian version of the standard POMS questionnaire (Bill Morgan 1979). Participants completed the online questionnaire between March 28th and May 20th, 2020. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage), and deductive (Chi-square and Spearman's correlation) were used for data analysis. our study found that the majority of participants reported decreased PA levels during the quarantine period. Specifically, 71.7% reported a decrease in moderate-intensity physical activity, 80.5% reported a decrease in high-intensity PA, and 71.3% reported a decrease in the total volume of PA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of sessions (P=0.001), intensity (P=0.001), and duration of exercise (P=0.001) before and during the coronavirus. There was a significant positive relationship between low (r=0.93; P=0.001) and high (r=0.673; P=0.034) levels of PA and negative mood state. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between moderate PA level (r=0.82; P=0.001) and a positive mood states. The study suggests that the current quarantine has negatively affected the mood states of the participants. Overall, the study recommends regular PA to prevent COVID-19 while adhering to health and safety protocols.

Background: The similar efficacy of rivaroxaban and warfarin in thromboembolic events was recognized in clinical trials. But there are a few studies about the comparison of these medications in real world. This study was designed with the aim of comparing the efficacy and safety of the rivaroxaban and warfarin. Materials and Methods: All patients who received rivaroxaban or warfarin during April 2019 and October 2020 were recruited in the study. The major bleeding and thromboembolic events were considered as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were all cause mortality and minor bleeding. All of patients were followed for six months after recruitment and the end of study. Results: Of 242 patients recruited during the 18 months, 116 patients received rivaroxaban and 126 received warfarin. There were no significant differences between warfarin and rivaroxaban regarding major bleeding (p=0.24) and thromboembolic events (p=0.38). The minor bleeding was significantly higher in warfarin group. (29.36% versus 12.93%, p=0.002). The all-cause mortality rate was similar between two groups (p=0.67). More than 12% of patients were discontinued rivaroxaban, due to high cost. In warfarin group, 14.28% patients did not have compliance due to laboratory fluctuations and inappropriate access to medication. Conclusion: In the present study, warfarin and rivaroxaban had similar efficacy and safety. In addition, suitable compliance was observed in both groups.

Abstract The demand for industrial genetically modified host cells were increased with the growth of the biopharmaceutical market. Numerous studies on improving host cell productivity have shown that altering host cell growth and viability through genetic engineering can increase recombinant protein production. During the last decades, it was demonstrated that overexpression or downregulation of some microRNAs in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells as the host cell in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, can improve their productivity. The selection of microRNA targets has been based on their previously identified role in human cancers. MicroRNA-32 (miR-32), which is conserved between humans and hamsters (Crisetulus griseus), was shown to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in some human cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-32 overexpression on the productivity of CHO-VEGF-trap cells. Our results indicated that stable overexpression of miR-32 could dramatically increase the productivity of CHO cells by 1.8-fold. It also significantly increases cell viability, batch culture longevity, and cell growth. To achieve these results, following the construction of a single clone producing an Fc-fusion protein, we transfected cells with a pLexJRed-miR-32 plasmid to stably produce the microRNA and evaluate the impact of mir-32 overexpression on cell productivity, growth and viability in compare with scrambled control. Our findings highlight the application of miRNAs as engineering tools and indicated that miR-32 could be a target for engineering CHO cells to increase cell productivity.

Background: Coronary endarterectomy is an adjunctive treatment to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multiple coronary involvements. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients undergoing CABG endarterectomy in a prospective observational study. Methods: All the patients who had undergone CABG endarterectomy and had received rivaroxaban or warfarin during the period from January2019 until August 2020 were included in the study. Need for salvage CABG, major bleeding, and thromboembolic events were considered as primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and minor bleeding. The patients all were followed for at least six months after their hospital discharge. Results: Out of the 73 patients recruited during the 18 months, 45 received rivaroxaban and the remaining people received warfarin along with at least one antiplatelet. During the follow-up, no salvage CABG was performed. The minor bleeding was comparable between the two groups (31.96 versus 13.27; p=0.21). There was no significant difference between warfarin and rivaroxaban in terms of major bleeding and thromboembolic events (p=0.38 and >0.99, respectively). The all-cause mortality rate was similar between the two groups (p>0.99). Conclusion: In this preliminary real-word study, rivaroxaban was comparable to warfarin in terms of efficacy and safety in the patients undergoing CABG endarterectomy. Further larger studies are needed to clarify safety and efficacy of such approach.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar and insulin resistance. In general, the global increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes is caused by poor nutrition and inactivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of combined exercise with quinoa supplementation on fasting blood sugar, appetite and quality of life in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 women with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups: exercise+supplement (n=12), supplement (n=12) and control (n=12). The exercise+supplement and supplement group consumed 25 grams of cooked quinoa seeds for 3 days a week. The exercise+supplement group also did combined exercise for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. Exercise was performed with an intensity of 10-12 pressure perception. The Persian version of the quality-of-life questionnaire was used to measure the quality-of-life index and the appetite questionnaire was used to assess appetite. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the interventions, measurements and questionnaires were completed. One Way ANOVA, LSD post hoc and paired t were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: According to the results of 8 weeks of intervention in the exercise+supplement group (P=0.001)(2.59%) and the supplement group (P=0.04)(1.54%) compared to the control group (P=0.32)(1.54%) caused a significant reduction in Fasted blood sugar. There was also a significant decrease in appetite index in the exercise+supplement group (P

In today's world, technological advances and the complexity of the environment have created a highly competitive environment in which companies are constantly faced with dramatic market changes and the emergence of a variety of business opportunities. In such an environment, adapting to innovations and changes is essential for companies to achieve sustainable business success. International corporate entrepreneurship activities can increase the company's ability to recognize and take advantage of international market opportunities ahead of its competitors. This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population includes 17 people in the qualitative section by snowball method and 389 people in the quantitative section by random sampling. Data collection tools in the qualitative part are interviews and in the quantitative part are questionnaires. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part includes coding in the initial coding step, open coding and axial coding, and in the quantitative part is confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations using SPSS and Amos software. The research findings in the qualitative section show that five categories of factors affect the entrepreneurship of an international company, which are international factors, national factors, individual, organizational and industry characteristics. The results of the quantitative section show that these factors affect 74% of the achievements of international corporate entrepreneurship and organizational, international, individual and national factors and industry characteristics have the most to the least impact on international corporate entrepreneurship, respectively.

The inhibition of lipid absorption in digestive system is an effective strategy in obesity treatment. Pancreatic Lipase inhibitor (PLI) peptides, as novel anti-obesity agents, are currently under focus. In the present study we used a yeast surface display system to express PLI peptides in probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Using bioinformatic approaches, two PLIs were chosen and accordingly, two different gene cassettes encoding surface GFP-PLI fusion proteins were successfully expressed in S. boulardii. The results of in vitro PL inhibition assay indicated a significant dose-dependent effect for both recombinant S. boulardii-PLI1 and 2 with IC50 of 106 and 104 cells/ reaction, respectively. The biological activity of these recombinant probiotics was examined in a rat model of obesity. The oral administration of recombinant yeasts (109 yeast cells/rat/day) resulted in significant weight loss and reduced serum lipids in treated animals. Our results indicate the potential application of such engineered strains in treating obesity.

Background and Aim: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease of myelin sheath degradation that reduces the quality of life in patients. Recent studies emphasize on the effect of exercise and natural supplements on the improvement of disease symptoms and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks combined training at home with red grape juice supplementation on quality of life in women with Multiple Sclerosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 women with MS in the age range of 20-40 years were voluntarily selected and divided into 4 groups: training (n=12), supplement (n=12), training+supplement (n=12) and control (n=12). Combined training included 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes of endurance and resistance training with an intensity of 10-12 rate of perceived exertion. Subjects consumed 250 cc of grape juice supplement with 68% concentration for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. The control group engaged in their daily activities. Quality of life was measured with standard questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) 48 hours before and after the end of the study. Results: Eight weeks of intervention made a significant change in the quality of life. Based on the correlation t the results were as follows training groups (P=0.001)(7.1%), supplement (P=0.001)(10.5%) and training+supplement (0.000), There was a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test (P≤0.05). But the changes in the training+supplement group were more than the other groups (P=0.000)(13.3%). In addition, based on the results of one-way analysis of variance, the amount of changes between the groups was also significant (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference between the training group and the control group, supplement group and supplement+training group (P≤0.05). Also, the supplement group had a significant difference with the exercise group and the control group, but there was no significant difference with the supplement + training group (P≥0.05). A significant difference was observed in the supplement+training group with all groups except the supplement group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, women with Multiple Sclerosis can use combined training at home with red grape juice supplement to improve their quality of life.

Background and Aim: The prevalence of obesity is recognized as a health problem worldwide. Metabolic syndrome as the most important obesity factor is considered as one of the health problems in all societies. Supportive and complementary interventions are considered improvements in the status of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of sodium alginate supplementation and high intensity interval training on lipid profiles and liver enzymes in metabolic syndrome women. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned into 4 groups: intermittent exercise (High Intensity Interval Training)+supplement (n=9), intermittent exercise (HIIT) )n=8), complementary (n=7) and control group (n=6). Subjects in HIIT and HIIT + supplementation groups performed three sessions of intermittent exercise each week for eight weeks with an intensity of 85% to 95% of the maximum heart rate. Sodium alginate supplementation was taken three times a week and 30 minutes before meals in the amount of 1.5 g of sodium alginate dissolved in 100 mg of water. Blood sampling were taken from all 4 groups 48 hours before and after the exercise program. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that in the exercise+supplement group lipid profile (P=0.005) and aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.012)(17.8%), fat percentage (P=0.001)(9.7%), BMI (P=0.000) and alanine aminotransferase (P=0.035)(12.7%) compared to the other group were significantly reduced, indicating the effect of intermittent exercise and supplementation on improving the symptoms of metabolic syndrome in women participating in this study. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that high intensity intermittent exercise with sodium alginate supplementation can be effective in prevention of some obesity related diseases and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract Background Exercise-induced muscle damage typically caused by unaccustomed exercise results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and muscle and liver damages. Antioxidant supplementation might be a useful approach to reduce myocytes and hepatocytes damages. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on the response to muscle and liver damages indices by Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise (EAE) in untrained men. Methods In this clinical trial, 24 untrained men were randomly divided into experimental (Exp; n = 12) and control (C; n = 12) groups. Exp received 2000 IU of Vit D daily for six weeks (42 days), while C daily received a lactose placebo with the same color, shape, and warmth percentage. Two bouts of EAE were performed on a treadmill before and after six weeks of supplementation. Anthropometric characteristics (Bodyweight (BW), height, Body Fat Percentage (BFP), Body Mass Index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR)) were measured at the Pre 1 and Pre 2. Blood samples were taken to measure the Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Vit D levels at four stages: Pre 1 (before the first EE session), Post 1 (after the first EE session), Pre 2 (before the second EE session), and Post 2 (after the second EE session). The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni's post hoc test, independent t test, and dependent t-test at the significant level of P

Introduction: Rabies is almost always fatal but entirely preventable through proper vaccination. Inadequacy of costly high-quality cell culture vaccines is sometimes a bottleneck for expanded rabies control plans. Reverse genetics along with other molecular biology means are trying to improve the immunogenicity and yield of rabies vaccine products. Methods: An additional glycoprotein gene of the rabies virus PV strain was inserted between the glycoprotein and polymerase genes of the virus. The viral proteins were expressed at the T7BHK cell line to rescue the recombinant virus. Results: The recombinant virus containing two consecutive glycoprotein genes was rescued from T7BHK cells. The virus particles were functional and successfully infected the permissive BSR cell line. Conclusion: The new virus strain with an additive copy of the glycoprotein gene has a good potential to be utilized in different studies, including cell biology and immunological properties of the rabies virus. In this study, the recombinant rabies virus was successfully rescued from cell culture which would pave the way for further investigations on this virus.

ObjectiveWe developed and validated a prediction model based on individuals' risk profiles to predict the severity of lung involvement and death in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we studied hospitalized COVID-19 patients with data on chest CT scans performed during hospital stay (February 2020-April 2021) in a training dataset (TD) (n = 2,251) and an external validation dataset (eVD) (n = 993). We used the most relevant demographical, clinical, and laboratory variables (n = 25) as potential predictors of COVID-19-related outcomes. The primary and secondary endpoints were the severity of lung involvement quantified as mild (≤25%), moderate (26–50%), severe (>50%), and in-hospital death, respectively. We applied random forest (RF) classifier, a machine learning technique, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to study our objectives.ResultsIn the TD and the eVD, respectively, the mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 57.9 (18.0) and 52.4 (17.6) years; patients with severe lung involvement [n (%):185 (8.2) and 116 (11.7)] were significantly older [mean (SD) age: 64.2 (16.9), and 56.2 (18.9)] than the other two groups (mild and moderate). The mortality rate was higher in patients with severe (64.9 and 38.8%) compared to moderate (5.5 and 12.4%) and mild (2.3 and 7.1%) lung involvement. The RF analysis showed age, C reactive protein (CRP) levels, and duration of hospitalizations as the three most important predictors of lung involvement severity at the time of the first CT examination. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant strong association between the extent of the severity of lung involvement (continuous variable) and death; adjusted odds ratio (OR): 9.3; 95% CI: 7.1–12.1 in the TD and 2.6 (1.8–3.5) in the eVD.ConclusionIn hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the severity of lung involvement is a strong predictor of death. Age, CRP levels, and duration of hospitalizations are the most important predictors of severe lung involvement. A simple prediction model based on available clinical and imaging data provides a validated tool that predicts the severity of lung involvement and death probability among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

IIntroduction Improving physical performance and delaying fatigue by using nutritional supplements always has been interesting in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks’ watermelon juice on nitric oxide and exercise performance in elite female taekwondo. Materials and Methods Twenty-five elite female taekwondo players (age 21.84±2.26 yrs; BMI 20.87±1.37 Kg/m2; VO2max 38.86±1.97 ml/min/kg) who had a training experience of more than five years were randomly and voluntary divided into two groups of watermelon juice supplement (n=15) and placebo (n=10). Subjects received 500 ml of watermelon juice or placebo 45 minutes before the taekwondo training sessions for six weeks. Blood samples were taken in the brachial vein in two steps; before and after 6 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test (p≤0.05). Results The results of this study showed levels of nitric oxide (P=0.016) and VO2max (P=0/001) significantly greater compared to the placebo group. Also, there was a significant decrease in muscle soreness 24 and 48 hours after exercise in the supplement group compared to the placebo group (p≤0.05). Conclusion According to the results, watermelon juice will help faster recovery and reduce muscle soreness after 24 and 48 hours follow exercise.

Entrepreneurial Coaching as a supporting people to enhance and development skills them through learning entrepreneurial to identify and recognition of opportunities. Accordingly, several models have been proposed to facilitate the coaching process, but knowledge that can provide a comprehensive model and model of this entrepreneurial coaching phenomenon is limited. The purpose of the research is to design a systematic and conceptual model of entrepreneurial coaching that illustrates the key categories of this structure. Methods: the research methodology is applied to the development and collection of qualitative data. In this research, 16 semi-structured interviews with top managers and experts involved in coaching were conducted through purposeful sampling and specifically snowball technique. For data analysis, open and axial coding has been used. Results: the analysis of the research shows that the extraction of 212 subsets of the interviews, as well as the 48 sub categories and the 8 sub categories of the main categories and 7 main categories , are: basic and advanced goals, mentees characteristics(the characteristics entrepreneurship, general characteristics), coaches characteristics ( coaching knowledge and skills, personality traits, abilities, problem solving), organizational conditions(structural, management, cultural),entrepreneurial coaching actions (common concepts, coach functions, mentee functions). Results and achievements (individual benefits: individual development, knowledge and skill, self-efficacy and self-awareness, and organizational benefits: venturing, improvement and development of products and services). Conclusion: The categories that shape the entrepreneurial coaching model include: basic goals (changing attitudes, reducing conflicts, achieving new markets) and advanced goals (creative thinking, successor, improvement and improvement of units, increasing productivity), mentees characteristics ( Strong motivation, passion, honesty, learning, risk taking, tolerance of ambiguity), coaches characteristics (communication skills, empathy, challenge questions, good listener, flexibility in solutions, availability, Muharram, participation in ideas), Organizational requirements and requirements (identifying opportunities, reducing processes, supporting ideas, accessing resources, employing creative people, deserving Larry), coaching actions (sense of responsibility, mutual interaction, goals alignment, confidence building, transparency), outcomes and achievements (identification of strengths and weaknesses, creation of new units, ability to solve problems, avoidance of despair, quality improvement and Quantity of services)

In the turbulent world of business, Corporate entrepreneurship is a step into a market with high uncertainty. Therefore, companies need to have a good understanding of capabilities in a dynamic environment so that they can achieve the long-term profit with minimal loss. So, This study aimed to investigate the impact of dynamic capabilities on corporate entrepreneurship in the Communications Industry. This research in terms of its purpose, is applicable and in terms of data collection is descriptive and correlation research. The statistical population of the study was included of 350 managers, chief executives, senior experts of Hamrah Aval company and Irancell company. Also, for collecting data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and hypotheses. Finally, the finding of research show that the positive effect of dynamic capabilities on corporate entrepreneurship, and it was concluded that environmental perception capabilities, learning capabilities, integration capabilities, coordination capabilities, reorganization capabilities has a positive and significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship. Also, the environmental dynamism moderates the impact of dynamic capabilities on corporate entrepreneurship.In this way, whatever the amount of environmental dynamism increase, the relationship between the two variables of dynamic capability and corporate entrepreneurship will be stronger. Because this dynamics is a useful mechanism for responding to new competitive forces. Companies operating in highly dynamic environments are more innovative, risk-taking and proactive than those with less uncertainty and external pressures.

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: It is desirable for athletes, especially female soccer players, to consume beetroot beverage during training as a way of improving both health and performance ,. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of beetroot juice intake on lipid profile in female soccer players. Methods: Young and well-trained female soccer players (N=20) were included in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. They were categorized into two groups: experimental (beetroot beverage, n=10, age: 23.20±0.91 years, BMI: 22.57±1.54(kg/m2)) and control (placebo, n=10, age: 23±0.81 years, BMI: 23.13±0.58(kg/m2)). Subjects drank either 200 ml concentrated beetroot beverage or an equal amount of placebo 2 hours prior to their trainings for six weeks (18 session). Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and after trials. All data were compared in pretest and posttest via paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. All statistical analyses were performed at (P≤0.05) by SPSS (version22). Results: Beetroot juice intake increased plasma high density lipoprotein (t= -60.88, P

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners may not appreciate writing and even perform poorly in writing tasks partly due to what feelings they harbor toward such tasks. This study explored the relative effects of three degrees of writing task complexity based on resource directing dimensions of complexity on EFL learners' task motivation. Participants were 64 intermediate EFL learners at a language school in Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: low complexity group, medium complexity group, and high complexity group. After completing the tasks, they filled in a task motivation questionnaire. The results showed that perceived relevance as a dimension of task motivation was higher in medium complexity group. With respect to emotional state as another dimension of task motivation, medium complexity task motivated participants more than low and high complexity tasks, because the participants showed a positive emotional state after doing it. Based on the findings and regarding intermediate EFL learners, it is recommended that writing tasks with a medium degree of complexity should be incorporated into task-based syllabuses by EFL teachers because of learners' task motivation toward these tasks.

Background: Depression and fatigue are common consequences of breast cancer that lead to dysfunction and reduced quality of life of patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of exercise program on depression and fatigue in breast cancer women undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 60 breast cancer women undergoing chemotherapy in Kermanshah hospitals from 2017-2018. Participants were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included demographic information form and standard Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) and fatigue severity scale (FSS). The intervention group performed the 20-30-minute indoor exercise program 3 sessions a week for 6 weeks. Questionnaires were completed before, immediately, and one month after the intervention by both groups and data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver.22. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean fatigue intensity and depression scores before the intervention; however, the mean fatigue intensity scores were significantly decreased in the intervention group as compared to the control group immediately and one month after the intervention (P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean depression score immediately and one month after the intervention (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Considering that indoor exercises reduced fatigue in breast cancer women undergoing chemotherapy, patients are recommended to perform exercise interventions as a non-pharmacological, safe, easy, and non-invasive solution to improve their physiological capacities and functional abilities as well as Quality of life. On the other hand, since exercise program had no effect on depression among breast cancer women in the present study, longer studies with larger sample size are recommended.

In this article after introducing different deixis, we analyze Kurdish deixis through cognitive semantics. the main focus of the paper is on demonstrative and spatial adverbs among various elements which function as deixis. through this paper we show that the in third person singular pronouns in Kurdish the concept of distance is encoded. far distance encoding is done via the demonstrative /ʔɐw/ if only it is in contrast to the demonstrative /ʔɐm/ in such away that these two are in contrast to each other in an utterance or to be in a question and its answer by the speaker and audience. the only exception is where the speaker is in the figure insead of the ground. distance encoding in four main deixis /ɐmɐ/، /ʔɐwɐ/،/ʔɐmɑnɐ/،/ʔɐwɑnɐ/ are influenced by their derivation of third person singular pronoun and their encoding is the same as the third person singular pronoun. the meaning and range, refered by spatial deixis /ʔɐenɐ/ and /ʔɐeɾɐ/ is not recognized exactly and results in ambiguity which causes a relativity in the boundary. so the boundary intended by the speaker is not exactly what the audience understand and is conveyed via the situation context. furthermore, the speaker's figure when using spatial deixis and the relationship between spatial deixis and motion verbs are probed.

Background & Objective: Nowadays, due to the epidemic of sports supplements, the effects of these supplements on total antioxidant capacity require analysis and evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is the effect of L-Arginine supplementation on indices of delayed-onset muscle soreness after one-session exhaustive aerobic training in inactive men. Materials & Methods: The population of this quasi-experimental are 20 male that were selected on a voluntary basis. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of L-arginine (n = 10) and placebo (n = 10). The subjects participated in three phases of aerobic activity. Blood samples were collected during the first phase before and after aerobic test, but in the second and third phases after receiving three days supplementation and placebo immediately after aerobic running. For extraction of results the ANOVA with repeated measures and paired t-test were applied and the significant level set as P

Background: Background: One of the sport drinks that are increasingly popular among athletes is beetroot juice. This survey was undertaken to determine the effects of acute beetroot juice consumption on some hematological parameters, lipid profiles, and total antioxidant capacity in female soccer players. Materials and methods: In this applied, semi-experimental study, thirty female soccer players (age=23.16±0.79 years) were selected randomly and assigned into three groups: experimental (beetroot juice, n =10), (control (placebo), n =10) and (mouth rinsing, n =10). Subjects undertook soccer training for a session (90 min) with consumption of 200 ml juice 2 h before they started. Blood samples were collected and investigated before and after training. Paired sample t-tests were used for comparison within groups, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. All statistical analyses were performed at P ≤ 0.05. Results: After a session of using beetroot juice, there were no significant differences in blood indices (levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, iron, and mean corpuscular volume), lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein), and total antioxidant capacity between groups (experimental, control, and mouth rinsing) (P > 0.05), but low density lipoprotein concentrations changed significantly (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Drinking a dose of beetroot juice did not improve hematological parameters, lipid profiles, and total antioxidant capacity. However, more research is needed to clearly identify the benefits of acute beetroot juice consumptions.

The study examines the structure of ownership and management of family businesses and investigates whether it influences the performance of family businesses or not. The interplay between family, ownership, and management of business creates a setting for family businesses that promotes the performance of the family businesses. Statistical population is family businesses of the food industry in Tehran Province of Iran. One hundred and sixty-three CEOs of family businesses of the food industry were analyzed. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from their CEOs. We observe that the ownership and management structure of family businesses influence the performance of family businesses in a positive way. We conclude in accordance with other theories that companies owned by the families are characterized by higher performance.

Addressing language learning motivation, Dörnyei’s second language (L2) Motivational Self-system (L2MSS) theory consists of three components: (1) Ideal L2 self which refers to all the language-related characteristics a person wishes to have in the future, (2) Ought-to L2 self which concerns the language-related attributes that one believes one ought to possess, and (3) L2 learning experience which concerns the immediate language learning environment and experience. Building on this theory, this mixed methods study investigated third language Motivational Self-system (L3MSS) of 40 Iranian EFL teachers, as successful EFL learners (25 EFL teachers with university education in TEFL and 15 EFL teachers with language learning experience in language institutes). They completed an adaptation of L2MSS questionnaire and an open-ended self-report questionnaire. Moreover, six participants were randomly selected to be interviewed. The findings indicated a positive relationship between Ideal L3 self and L3 learning experience of EFL teachers. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between TEFL graduates and language institute graduates in their L3MSS. Self-report analyses showed that “learning environment” (as a dimension of L3 learning experience) and “positive attitude” (as a dimension of Ideal L3 self) were the most effective motivational factors in EFL teachers’ success in L3 learning, whereas “aptitude” and “the impact of people” were rated as the least effective ones. Finally, the interview results were consistent with the findings of the self-report. The findings have certain implications in better appreciation of motivational profiles of successful EFL learners.

The learning system provided by the municipalities is one of the most important motivating factors make citizens to participate in urban management plans such as source separation of wastes. In the past years, Tehran municipality has been focusing on providing different training in waste management and specifically source separation, which has not been able to attract public participation. The aim of this paper is to study the failure causes of learning systems and to address the shortcomings in the form of distance learning to provide the most effective learning method. In this regard, the Khan conceptual model has been used in the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the results of the 100 paired comparison questionnaires in this study, which were obtained using Khan's conceptual model and fuzzy theory, introduced mobile applications as the best method of distance learning. The strengths and reasons for its selection, which were obtained from interviews conducted by residents of district 16 of Tehran municipality, are described. To compare between different types of distance learning methods, 8 criteria were used in 25 proposed subcategories categorized by Khan's conceptual model that could integrate the concepts and basis of a standardized and successful distance education system into a fuzzy decision model.

Abstract CD22 marker is a highly internalizing antigen which is located on the surface of B-cells and is being used as a promising target for treatment of B cell malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD22 have been introduced and some are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Building on the success of antibody drug conjugates, we developed a fusion protein consisting of a novel anti-CD22 scFv and apoptin and tested binding and therapeutic effects in lymphoma cells. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and successfully purified and refolded. In vitro binding analysis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that the recombinant protein specifically binds to CD22 positive Raji cells but not to CD22 negative Jurkat cells. The cytotoxic properties of scFv–apoptin were assessed by an MTT assay and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and showed that the recombinant protein induced apoptosis preferentially in Raji cells with no detectable effects in Jurkat cells. Our findings indicated that the recombinant anti-CD22 scFv–apoptin fusion protein could successfully cross the cell membrane and induce apoptosis with high specificity, make it as a promising molecule for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies.

Todays, social entrepreneurship is recognized as a way of effective and sustainable economic and social development. So, this concept needs more attention on the society and the country level. However, financing is a strategic issues that social entrepreneurs are facing in launching and managing social businesses. The aims of this study is to identify the ways of financing social entrepreneurship. Methodology of the study is survey approach and the purpose is an applied research. Data was gathered by researcher made questionnaire that validity are confirmed by experts and reliability was proved by Alpha. Statistical population, are executives and social entrepreneurs in Tehran city. The sample included 120 active social entrepreneurs. Data analysis is done by descriptive statistics and confirmative factor analysis. The results showed that grants, in come, investment, and government support are the most important role in social entrepreneurship financing.

Introduction: Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with a high rate of mortality. Despite introduction of several classes of antifungal drugs, the limitations of current therapies have prompted an intense research toward the discovery of new antifungal compounds. In a recent study, several potential drug targets were identified based on in silico comparative proteome analyses of A. fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A potential target, capsule polysaccharide synthase1 (CPS1) homolog gene, was identified and chosen for further study. Methods: The genome sequence of CPS1 homolog in A. fumigatus (AfuCPS1) was retrieved from the database and analyzed. The RT-PCR analysis was carried out to show the presence of the transcripts. A gene disruption cassette was prepared and subsequently transformed into A. fumigatus strain AF293. An AfuCPS1 disruptant strain was isolated and further analyzed. Results: The AfuCPS1 gene sequence was annotated, and the signal sequence and a glycosyltransferase motif were identified. The RT-PCR analysis showed that AfuCPS1 is expressed throughout the life cycle of the fungus. The AfuCPS1 mutant showed normal colony morphology. Antifungal susceptibility assay of the mutant using different classes of known antifungal drugs confirmed a similar susceptibility pattern to the wild-type strain. However, spore germination was affected, and a delay in germination was observed. Conclusion: The findings showed that the AfuCPS1 is not essential for the normal growth of A. fumigatus. More investigation is underway to elucidate the physiological role of this gene in spore germination process.

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumors are initially described in the lung and various extrapulmonary sites such as the orbits, palatine tonsils, ears, gingiva, pterygomaxillary space, and periodontal tissues. These tumors rarely involve the larynx and predilection to the glottis occurs in an indolent manner. Case Report This case describes a laryngeal myofibroblastic tumor in a 46-year-old woman who presented with an aggressive tumor that extended to the floor of the mouth and the base of the tongue. Extended supraglottic laryngectomy was undertaken for the patient. The diagnosis was spindle cell proliferation with dense lymphoplasma cell infiltration compatible with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (Inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cell granuloma). Definitive diagnosis was achieved with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Conclusion: We believe that further IHC studies are required to define the true nature of these tumors especially for those that behave in an aggressive pattern.

Saccharomyces boulardii, a subspecies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a well-known eukaryotic probiotic with many benefits for human health. In the present study, a recombinant strain of S. boulardii was prepared to use as a potential oral vaccine delivery vehicle. In this sense, a ura3 auxotroph strain of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 (known as S. cerevisiae HANSEN CBS 5926, Yomogi®) was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 methodology. Then a gene construct encoding a highly immunogenic protein, ovalbumin (OVA), was prepared and transformed into the ura3- S. boulardii. To facilitate the transport of the recombinant immunogen across the intestinal barrier, a claudin-targeting sequence from Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) was added to the C-terminus of the expression cassette. The recombinant S. boulardii strain expressing the OVA-CPE fusion protein was then administered orally to a group of mice, and serum IgG and fecal IgA levels were evaluated by ELISA. Our results demonstrated that anti-OVA IgG in serum significantly increased in test group (P < 0.001) compared to control groups (receiving wild type S. boulardii or PBS), and the fecal IgA titer was significantly higher in test group (P < 0.05) than control groups. In parallel, a recombinant S. boulardii strain expressing the similar construct lacking C-terminal CPE was also administered orally. The result showed an increased level of serum IgG in group receiving yeasts expressing the CPE negative construct compared to control groups; however, the fecal IgA levels did not increase significantly. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the yeast S. boulardii, as a delivery vehicle with possible immunomodulatory effects, and c-CPE, as a targeting tag, synergistically assist to stimulate systemic and local immunity. This proposed recombinant S. boulardii system might be useful in the expression of other antigenic peptides, making it as a promising tool for oral delivery of vaccines or therapeutic proteins.

Trust has been used in family business research mostly to explain firm performance or as a characteristic of family businesses. Despite this interest to trust, theories and evidence accumulating on trust in family business is not well integrated and that the literature as a whole lacks coherence. The study, focuses on conceptualizations and operationalization of trust, addresses some issues relating to trust and represents an empirical research to investigate parts and contents of trust within family businesses. Our findings support our belief, decision and action models. The results suggest that contents of trust determine the trustor’s perception of other party’s trustworthiness in family businesses. There is a necessity to follow integrated model of trust in future family business researches, since trust is an important factor in this field and need to be investigated more coherently.

Background and Objectives: During past decades Hansenula polymorpha has attracted global attention for the expression of recombinant proteins due to its high growth rate, minimal nutritional porequirements and use of methanol as a low cost inducer. Materials and Methods: The corresponding nucleotide sequences for the expression of heterologous genes in Hansenula poylmorpha were extracted and assembled in an E. coli vector. The constructed expression cassette included formate dehy- drogenase promoter (pFMD), a secretory signal sequence, a multiple cloning site (MCS) and methanol oxidase (MOX) ter- minator. Zeocin resistance gene fragment and complete cDNA encoding granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) were cloned downstream of the expression cassette in-frame with signal sequence. Restriction mapping and sequence analysis confirmed the correct cloning procedures. Final vector was transformed into Hansenula and recombinant host was induced for the expression of GCSF protein by adding methanol. SDS-PAGE and immuno-blotting were performed to confirm the identity of r-GCSF. Results: The expression cassette containing gcsf gene (615bp) and zeocin resistance marker (sh-ble, 1200bp) was prepared and successfully transformed into competent Hansenula polymorpha cells via electroporation. Zeocin resistant colonies were selected and GCSF expression was induced in recombinant Hansenula transformants using 0.5% methanol and an approx- imately 19kDa protein was observed on SDS-PAGE. Western blot analysis using serum isolated from GCSF-treated rabbit confirmed the identity of the protein. Conclusions: Molecular studies confirmed the designed expression cassette containing gcsf gene along with pFMD and sig- nal sequence. The expressed 19kDa protein also confirmed the ability of designed vector in expressing heterologous genes in Hansenula cells.

Background Infertility can be a major concern for couples trying to conceive, and occupational hazards may constitute a main cause of infertility in men. Studies conducted throughout the world indicate that physical and chemical hazards in the workplace can have a negative impact on male fertility. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of occupational categories of men who attended an infertility clinic, and to evaluate the differences in the semen quality parameters among occupational categories. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1164 males who were referred to the Infertility Research Center in Tehran for treatment of infertility in order to evaluate the effects of certain occupations on infertility. The participants were divided into several categories according to their occupations and evaluated by means of a questionnaire for duration of infertility, BMI, sperm count, percentage of normal sperm morphology and percentages of sperm with class A and class B motilities. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and correlations were conducted using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the mean sperm count or sperm morphology between occupational categories. Assessment of the differences in the frequency of sperm motility classes between occupational categories revealed a significant difference only in the frequency of sperm with class B motility. The lowest mean percentages of sperm with class B motility were seen in those involved in the transportation industry, a finding in agreement with a number of other researches. Conclusion Our findings revealed an association between occupation and sperm motility. Since our study population was relatively small and in many cases exposures to work hazards were brief, a larger study group must be evaluated in order to support the preliminary results of this study.

Introduction: Circadian rhythms regulate some metabolic and hormonal variables that affect fat oxidation rates. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) at a different exercise intensity in obese and normal weight men in the morning and evening. Methods: MFO was measured in 12 normal weight (BMI 20-25 kg/m2; VO2max 45.7±3.44 ml/min/kg) and 10 obese (BMI >30 kg/m2; VO2max 37.2±3.6 ml/min/kg) men during incremental running exercise test with 3 min stages on the treadmill by indirect calorimetry method. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used to analysis variables. Results: We found that fat oxidation rates and energy expenditure in both groups in the evening were higher than morning; there were no significant differences in MFO between obese and normal groups. Furthermore, the fat oxidation rate in low intensity exercise (2max) was similar in obese and normal weight groups, but in high exercise intensities, in normal weight men were significantly higher than obese men. Conclusion: Our results suggest that independent of exercise intensity and body fat mass, exercising in the evening is more effective on fat oxidation and decrease body fat mass; therefore, it is better for weight loss purposes in obese and normal weight men.

This study was performed with the purpose of determining the efficiency of process of UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) in treating the wastewater of soft drink industry. The experiment was carried out during 8 months. The cylinder reactor dimensions were 170cm in height with 8 cm internal diameter and total capacity of 8.5 liters. The reactor was inoculated with a mixture of cow wastes, activated sludge of an industrial wastewater treatment –plant (Zam Zam factory ) and the sludge of an anaerobic digester. The ratio for VSS/ TSS was adjusted at 0.63 , and the loading rate at startup was fixed on 1 kg COD /m3day loading rate .The Reactor was uprated and operated in mesophilic (24.8-38.2 ºC) temperature. The experiments then performed in three phases. The first phase of the study was carried out in four steps, the loading rate increased up to 2 kg COD /m3 .day at the constant COD concentration of 2000 mg/l. The efficiency of COD removal was found upto 78% in this phase. In the second phase, and the two steps the loading rate increased up to 2.8 kg COD /m3.day with an increase of COD concentration and 2500 g/m3 .At the end of this phase, the efficiency of COD removal was found to be 78.4 % and equivalent to 0.329 kg COD/kg VSS.day. The detention time was 21.4 hours . At the third phase and in four successive steps , the concentration COD and organic loading rate were increased to 3000 mg/l and 5 kgCOD /m3 .day respectivly .At the end of this phase , the efficiency of COD removal was 78 % (equivalent to 0.389 kgCOD/kg VSS.day). The detention time at this phase was 14.3 hours and the linear velocity of wastewater flow was about 0.12 m/h .Finaly , at the fourth phase of this study the pH of raw wastewater had been increased in few steps up to 10, in order to determine the effect of new conditions on efficiency of the process. The results show that the COD removal efficiency has decreased in the beginning of this phase but again increased to about 78% after adaptation had taken place.The gas generation rate was 0.15 m3/kgCOD removed. Considering the sludge formed in the top of reactor , it could be concluded that the sludge is flocculant and pellet type.

Chemical pesticides have been widely used in plantations, and their effects have more disadvantages to the environment as well as to humans. Therefore, this study tries to implement organic pesticides using bamboo vinegar. Bamboo vinegar is one of the organic pesticides to control insect pests in plantation crops. The role of this organic pesticide on the insect pests of Harumanis mango is still unknown. Hence, this study aims to determine the impact of applying bamboo vinegar on the insect pests, quality, and nutrient content of Harumanis mango (MA128). Bamboo vinegar was applied in February 2021 during the flowering phase at the Harumanis plot in the Plantation Unit, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis. This study used a randomized complete block design with three treatments (spraying intervals) and three replications: T1 (3-day interval), T2 (5-day interval), and T3 (no bamboo vinegar). Sticky traps were installed to determine the population of insect pests in Harumanis mango. Matured fruits have been harvested, and the standard procedure of Harumanis mango postharvest handling has been followed. Then, the fruits were determined for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C, and sugar content. Bamboo vinegar significantly reduced the abundance of insects in Harumanis mango. Additionally, the highest TPC was observed from a 3-day interval of bamboo vinegar application. A similar trend was indicated for improving TFC with bamboo vinegar application. Similarly, there was a significantly higher vitamin C and sugar content after bamboo vinegar application compared to the control group. In conclusion, applying bamboo vinegar to Harumanis mango reduced insect pests and increased the quality and nutrient content of the Harumanis mango. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]