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Maeda H Mohammad,1 Ahmed M Al-Shammari,1 Ahmad Adnan Al-Juboory,2 Nahi Y Yaseen1 1Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, 2Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract: The in vitro isolation, identification, differentiation, and neurogenesis characterization of the sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated to produce two types of cells in culture: neural cells and neural stem cells (NSCs). These types of stem cells were used as successful sources for the further treatment of central nervous system defects and injuries. The mouse bone marrow MSCs were used as the source of the stem cells in this study. β-Mercaptoethanol (BME) was used as the main inducer of the neurogenesis pathway to induce neural cells and to identify NSCs. Three types of neural markers were used: nestin as the immaturation stage marker, neurofilament light chain as the early neural marker, and microtubule-associated protein 2 as the maturation marker through different time intervals in the neurogenesis process starting from the MSCs, (as undifferentiated cells), NSCs, production stages, and toward neuron cells (as differentiated cells). The results of different exposure times to BME of the neural markers analysis done by immunocytochemistry and real time-polymerase chain reaction helped us to identify the exact timing for the neural stemness state. The results showed that the best exposure time that may be used for the production of NSCs was 6 hours. The best maintenance media for NSCs were also identified. Furthermore, we optimized exposure to BME with different times and concentrations, which could be an interesting way to modulate specific neuronal differentiation and obtain autologous neuronal phenotypes. This study was able to characterize NSCs in culture under differentiation for neurogenesis in the pathway of the neural differentiation process by studying the expressed neural genes and the ability to maintain these NSCs in culture for further differentiation in thousands of functional neurons for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries and defects. Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, NES, NF-L, MAP-2

Aim: This study evaluates long-term shear bond strength (SBS) and enamel micro cracks (MCs) healing after using adhesive pre-coated brackets (APC)., Materials and Methods: A total of eighty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups ( n = 20 per group): Control group: Teeth underwent indentation but no bracket bonding; group II : Teeth were subjected to indentation without exposure to thermocycling; group III: Teeth experienced both indentation and thermocycling; group IV: No indentation was applied to the teeth; groups III and IV were further divided into two subgroups to simulate different clinical timelines: Subgroup A (n = 10): Teeth underwent 5,000 thermocycles, equivalent to six months of clinical use. Subgroup B (n = 10): Teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles, representing 12 months of use. All precoated brackets underwent debonding with a universal testing machine to assess the SBS, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was scored to evaluate the amount of adhesive left on the tooth surface. The study also examined horizontal and vertical enamel cracks, both pre- and post-intervention, across all groups. Crack healing was quantitatively assessed using computer-assisted digital image analysis to ensure precision. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H -test, and Tukey's post-hoc tests were applied to assess differences among the groups., Results: The Kruskal-Wallis H -test demonstrated no significant ARI difference between the groups ( p = 0.790). A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference among all groups ( p < 0.001), with lower values observed in the group with indentation without thermocycling compared to all other groups and the groups with 5,000 thermocycles compared to the groups with, 10,000 thermocycles. Crack healing was observed in the control and second groups, and cracks were directly proportional to the number of thermocycles and SBS values., Conclusion: The study showed that APC FF's SBS increased, and thermal aging did not change the failure pattern. Thermocyclers and SBS affected enamel cracks., Clinical Significance: The bond strength of pre-coated brackets and microcrack healing gradually increased with time, while the pattern of bond failure did not change. How to cite this article: Shamsan H, Albelasy NF, Farahat DS, et al. The Effect of Thermocycling on the Shear Bond Strength of Flash-free Brackets and Healing Dynamics of Enamel Microcracks: An In vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(9):836-845.

Aim: This study assesses the impact of surface treatment with sandblasting and Z-primer on the adhesion efficacy of fixed lingual retainers., Materials and Methods: Dead soft stainless steel wire 0.016 × 0.022-inch ( n = 120) was treated by different techniques and classified into four groups equally ( n = 30) according to surface treatment. Group I wire without treatment, group II wire treated with sandblasting, group III wire treated with Z-primer alone, and group IV wire treated with sandblasting with Z-primer. The stainless steel wire ( n = 40) was bonded to 80 extracted premolars in pairs mounted in acrylic. Other stainless steel wires ( n = 80) are embedded into acrylic blocks. All groups were divided into two subgroups according to thermocycling teeth samples were assessed by shear bond strength (SBS) A stereomicroscope was used to calculate the adhesive remnant index (ARI), while the acrylic block was by pull-out test. Finally, data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS (V 27, 2020). Mann-Whitney U -test; Kruskal-Wallis H -test and, two-way ANOVA were utilized to assess for SBS and pull-out., Results: Kruskal-Wallis H -test showed a non-significant difference in ARI between all groups, while in two-way mixed ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in SBS between group III (sandblasting/Z-primer) vs group I and group IV Z-primer ( p = 0.028) and control ( p = 0.016), and a significant difference between group II sandblasting vs both group I and group IV Z-primer ( p = 0.024) and control ( p = 0.014). The two-way mixed ANOVA tests showed a significant difference in pull-out between sandblasting/Z-primer vs Z-primer ( p = 0.012)., Conclusion: Using of mixed surface treatment for fixed retainer as sandblasting with Z-primer is considered as the best method to increase adhesion efficacy between wire and composite and improve the quality of orthodontics fixation when compared with single treatment (sandblasting alone or Z prime). On the other hand, the sue of sandblasting alone for fixed retainer surface treatment is better than Z-primer alone but both treatments are better than fixed retainer without treatment., Clinical Application: Developed and examined new and traditional techniques used to treat the surface of wire used as a retainer after orthodontics treatment to improve patients' treatment and life quality and decrease the chance of relapse. How to cite this article: Naji SM, Mohammad MH, Enan ET, et al. Different Wire Surface Treatments on Adhesion Efficacy of Orthodontic Fixed Retainer: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(7):677-683.

Objective: Now a day's cancerous diseases are the most prevalent life threatening that spreading because of the lifestyle. Its due to uncontrolled growth of cell which can be cured if diagnosed in early stage. Treatment of cancer depends on the various internal and external factors causing cancer. The main objective of this study is using herbal based medicine to manage breast cancer, the second most common type of cancer in the world., Methods: In this study, the anticancer effect of two Iraqi date palm part extracts (leaves and fruits) against panel of breast cancer cell lines (AMJ13و MCF7, MDA-MB-231, CAL51) in vitro to evaluate their possible antitumor effect and their safety on normal cell line (MEF)., Results: The Phoenix dactylifera (dray Zahdi) fresh leave extract showed highly cytotoxic effects in all breast cancer cell lines. The leaves extract was showed concentration dependent cytotoxicity effects after 72 h exposure time. Leave extracts was effective against AMJ13 cell line. The effective concentrations in both cancer cells ranged from 2500-20000 μg/ ml with inhibition percentage against AMJ13 was (66.7, 70.6, 53, and 54%). While the effect against MCF7, MDA-MB, and CAL51 cell lines were less with significant effect only at two concentrations (10000- 20000 μg/ ml) causing 64.3, and 64.3% growth inhibition respectively in MCF7, and 40, and 50% respectively in MDA-MB, and 44.0, and 52.0% respectively in CAL51. The dray date fruit extract has no significant cytotoxicity against all the cancer cells. Both extracts have no effect against normal fibroblast cells., Conclusion: In conclusion, Phoenix dactylifera fresh leave extract shows promising anticancer properties while the fruit extract has no direct anticancer effect.

Objective: The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to explore the dental and soft tissue changes accompanying the use of skeletally anchored nickel-titanium (NiTi) extrusion arch in the correction of anterior open bite (AOB)., Material and Methods: Twenty female patients with a mean age of 16.5 ± 1.5 years and a mean dentoalveolar AOB of 2.38±0.7 mm participated in this study. All patients were treated with an maxillary 0.017×0.025-in NiTi extrusion arch, with the aid of miniscrews inserted between the maxillary second premolars and first molars bilaterally, to act as indirect anchorage. Three-dimensional digital models and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken just before the insertion of the extrusion arch (T0) and after 10 months (T1). Paired-sample t-tests were used in analyzing the data, to evaluate the changes after treatment (T1-T0). A significance level of p < 0.05 was used., Results: AOB was successfully closed in all patients, with a 4.35 ± 0.61 mm increase in the overbite. Maxillary incisors significantly extruded (2.52 ± 1.02 mm) and significantly reclined (5.78 ± 0.77°), with a resultant decrease in the overjet of 1.58 ± 0.5mm. A significant intrusion of maxillary first molars with no change in their inclination was observed. The upper lip showed a significant retraction tendency to the E-plane, and a significant increase in the nasolabial angle was observed., Conclusion: The skeletally anchored NiTi extrusion arch was an effective technique in treating AOB, with no adverse effects on the molars.

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is considered as green, cost effective, and facile method to produce nanocolloids which exhibit anticancer effect. When comparing breast cancer with other types of cancers, breast cancer is considered as the second cause of death in women. The objective of this article is to test the cytotoxicity of carbon-based materials prepared by PLAL on both the normal (REF) cell line and the human breast cancer (MCF7) cell line. In this study, PLAL is used to prepare nanocolloids of asphalt and coal in different solvents (ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and distilled water (DW)). A fiber laser of wavelength of 1.06 μm and an average power of 10 watts was used to prepare different nanocolloids in different solvents from asphalt and coal. The cytotoxic effect of the prepared materials was tested against breast cancer MCF7 cell line in vitro. The asphalt in both ethanol and DMSO was found to have a significant cytotoxic effect and the growth inhibition (GI) was found to be 62.1% and 50.5% at concentrations of 620 and 80 ppm respectively, unlike the coal in DMSO which showed G.I. of 59.5%. Both the prepared materials in the mentioned solvents showed low cytotoxicity against the normal cell line (REF). We can conclude that the organic materials prepared in organic solvents using the PLAL had shown a low cytotoxicity against the (REF) cell line while they exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against the MCF7 cell line. Further studies are recommended to test these prepared materials in vivo., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Machaeriols and machaeridiols are unique hexahydrodibenzopyran-type aralkyl phytocannabinoids isolated from Machaerium Pers. Earlier studies of machaeriol A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) did not show any affinity for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 or CNR1), although they are structural analogs of psychoactive hexahydrocannabinol. This study comprehensively reports on the affinities of isolated Machaerium Pers. compounds, namely machaeriol A-D ( 1 - 4 ) and machaeridiol A-C ( 5 - 7 ), against cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) and opioid ( κ , δ and µ ) receptors. Among the isolated compounds, machaeriol D ( 4 ) and machaeridiol A-C ( 5 - 7 ) showed some selective binding affinity for the CB2 receptor, using a radioligand binding assay, with K i values of >1.3, >1.77, >2.18 and >1.1 μM, respectively. On the other hand, none of the compounds showed any binding to the CB1 receptor. Due to recent reports on the anticancer potential of the endocannabinoid system, compounds 1 - 7 were tested against a battery of luciferase reporter gene vectors that assess the activity of many cancer-related signaling pathways, including Stat3, Smad2/3, AP-1, NF-κB, E2F, Myc, Ets, Notch, FoxO, Wnt, Hedgehog and pTK in HeLa and T98G glioblastoma cells. Complete dose-response curves have been determined for each compound in both of these cell lines, which revealed that machaeridiol 6 displayed activities (IC 50 in µM in HeLa and T98G cells) towards Stat3 (4.7, 1.4), Smad2/3 (1.2, 3.0), AP-1 (5.9, 4.2), NF-κB (0.5, 4.0), E2F (5.7, 0.7), Myc (5.3, 2.0), ETS (inactive, 5.9), Notch (5.3, 4.6), Wnt (4.2, inactive) and Hedgehog (inactive, 5.0). Furthermore, a combination study between machaeriol C ( 3 ) and machaeridiol B ( 6 ) displayed additive effects for E2F, ETS, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, where these compounds individually were either minimally active or inactive. None of the compounds inhibited luciferase expression driven by the minimal thymidine kinase promoter (pTK), indicating the lack of general cytotoxicity for luciferase enzyme inhibition at the 50 µM concentration in both of these cell lines. The significance of the inhibition of these signaling pathways via machaeridiol 5 - 7 and their cross-talk potential has been discussed.

14-3-3 ETA protein, a joint-derived biomarker that up-regulates inflammatory cytokines which enhances local and systemic inflammation and may lead to destructive changes in joints, is thought to be a good diagnostic marker for early RA. To assess the usefulness of serum levels of 14-3-3 ETA in the diagnosis of RA. This is a case-control study which involved 3 groups: group 1 included 30 RA patients, group 2 included 30 primary osteoarthritis patients and group 3 included 30 healthy controls. All study subjects were assessed using laboratory investigations as CBC, ESR, CRP, RF, ACPA as well as serum levels of 14-3-3 ETA protein which were measured through ELISA technique. Mean ± SD levels of 14-3-3 ETA were significantly higher among RA compared to OA and control groups (0.7(0.5), 0.2 (0.1) and 0.3(0.1) ng/ml, respectively) with a sensitivity of 79.3%, specificity of 81.7%, positive predicted value of 86% and negative predicted value of 81%. 14-3-3 ETA also had high diagnostic OR (1478.04). A statistically significant correlation (r= 0.259) was found between serum levels of 14-3-3 ETA and ESR. In conclusion, 14-3-3 ETA is a novel marker for RA that should be used in conjunction with RF and ACPA for diagnosis of the disease., (Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.)

Background: Plantago lanceolata L. is used in Iraqi folklore medicine to treat injuries, and its extract is prescribed by some herbalists for cancer patients. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of P. lanceolata leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines in vitro and to identify its active compounds. Crystal violet viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of methanolic P. lanceolata leaf extract against various breast cancer cell lines. MCF7, AMJ13, MDAMB, and CAL51 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of the extract for 72 h. The morphology of the treated cells was examined under a phase-contrast inverted microscope. The clonogenic ability was assessed through a clonogenic assay. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to measure the concentrations of phenols and flavonoids in the extract., Results: The methanolic P. lanceolata leaf extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of triple-negative CAL51 cells but showed minor effect on the other breast cancer cells. In addition, at high doses, it induced cytopathic morphological changes. The clonogenic assay showed low colony formation in the exposed cells, especially CAL51 cells. Furthermore, HPLC study revealed that the methanolic extract contained important flavonoid glycosides, especially rutin, myricetin quercetin, and kaempferol., Conclusions: P. lanceolata leaf extract selectively inhibited the proliferation of CAL51 triple-negative breast cancer cells and showed minor effect on the other breast cancer cells types studied. Thus, this study showed P. lanceolata as a possible natural source of selective anti-triple-negative breast cancer drugs.

Background: Data concerning the association of serum levels of vitamin D and metalloproteinases and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not fully demonstrated. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) with CAD., Methods: 104 patients with CAD and 69 Non-CAD subjects were included in current study. Vitamin D receptor genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The 25(OH) vitamin D and MMP-9 were determined by ELISA assay., Results: There was a significant reduction of vitamin D in CAD patients (P=0.001). The metalloproteinase 9 levels of CAD patient was increased significantly compared with controls (P=0.001). A significant reverse correlation also was found between MMP-9 concentration and 25(OH) vitamin D levels of patients (r=-0.28, P<0.001). In addition, we identified that VDR gene FokI polymorphism was significantly associated with CAD. Furthermore, MMP-9 levels of CAD patients with ff genotype of FokI polymorphism was higher significantly than patients with FF and Ff genotypes. It has been also found that MMP-9 levels of CAD patients with ff genotype of FokI polymorphism was higher significantly than patients with FF and Ff genotypes., Conclusion: Our results indicated that 25(OH) vitamin D, MMP-9 levels and VDR gene FokI polymorphisms play a critical role in the development and progression of CAD and may contribute to susceptibility to CAD in Iranian populations., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Incidental meningiomas are increasingly being diagnosed due to widespread use of brain imaging. Treatment options include surveillance, surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, but the natural history of these tumours is not fully understood and there are no accepted management guidelines to aid clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to assess current practice in the United Kingdom and identify areas of variation for further study., Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Society of British Neurosurgeons (SBNS). The main components of the survey included the assessment of which factors and tumour characteristics are considered in the management and follow-up of incidental meningiomas. Two case scenarios were also presented., Results: The response rate was 12.5% (44 completed surveys) with 74% (25/34) of neurosurgical centres represented. Absence of calcification was only considered by 36% (16/44) of neurosurgeons. Most neurosurgeons opt for surveillance at initial presentation, and the length of follow-up was 5 years (14/33) and 10 years (11/33). The case scenarios highlighted that tumour growth at follow-up resulted in a preference to change from surveillance to treatment with surgery or SRS. SRS was preferred in skull-base (23/36) and medial sphenoid wing (16/39) tumours., Conclusions: This survey has demonstrated that certain aspects of incidental meningioma management show variation and remain controversial. Further research through prospective cohort studies is required to provide evidence to support guidelines for the management of incidental meningiomas.

Background: Shunts are generally associated with a smaller post-treatment ventricular size in comparison to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)., Methods: To determine whether such a difference in ventricular size has neurocognitive implications, we reviewed the current literature pertaining to the (1) neurocognitive sequelae of hydrocephalus, (2) neurocognitive outcome after ETV, (3) extent of reversal of neurocognitive changes associated with hydrocephalus after shunting, and (4) data on correlation between post-treatment ventricular volume and neurocognitive outcome after ETV., Results: Collectively, the results of the available studies should call into question the correlation between the residual postoperative ventricular volume and neurocognitive outcome., Conclusion: The available literature is so far in support of ETV as a valid and effective treatment modality in hydrocephalic patients. No sufficient evidence is available to justify resorting to shunting on the premise that it is associated with a better neurocognitive outcome.

Background: Although the ventricular size is significantly reduced after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in most successfully treated patients, ventricular size reduction is not always seen after a successful ETV. Practical and reliable radiologic parameters are still needed to assess the clinical success of an ETV., Methods: We retrieved the clinical and radiologic data of patients who underwent an ETV. Patients with the following criteria were included: (1) preoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies available, (2) postoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies done within the first 2 postoperative weeks, and (3) the infundibular recess clearly visible on preoperative and postoperative sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of the angle of the infundibular recess of the third ventricle were performed on midsagittal T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition, or constructive interference in steady state images., Results: The extent of reduction of the infundibular recess angle predicted the clinical outcome of ETV during the early postoperative period with a high degree of accuracy. The average reduction was about 48% in successful procedures versus only 15% in failed procedures., Conclusions: The degree of reduction of the angle of the infundibular recess of the third ventricle correlated with the amount of third ventricular decompression after ETV. Most importantly, such a reduction was noted to occur during the early postoperative period when radiologic changes are less pronounced. Assessment of change in infundibular recess angle measurement is easy to perform and may prove helpful in cases with no clear-cut clinical evidence of success of ETV., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)