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Even though the translation of the meanings of The Holy Qur’an into English has obtained great importance in the last few years, there is a dearth of studies conducted on the topic of lexical and cultural constraints in the translation of Qur’an-specific cultural items. Hence, the current study was carried out to probe lexical and cultural constraints met by the translators of the Holy Quran in translating the Qur’an-specific cultural items into English showing off- Sūrat Nisaa in (رِئَاءَ Riāa. ِAlso, the paper aimed to answer the main question of whether lexical and cultural constraints impede or not the perspicuous rendering of the meaning of the Holy Qur’an in English, in general, and Qur’an-specific cultural items in English, in particular. The results attained from the present study answer this question: The Holy Qur’an is an untranslatable text. It can never be reproduced appropriately and properly into English, and the cultural loss of meaning in its English- rendered versions is unavoidable.

This paper primarily explored the linguo-stylistic problems faced in translating the meaning of Fitrah'' in the Holy Quran into English. The key significance of this study is how the translators attempted to tackle linguo-stylistic problems when rendering the implication of Quranic lexeme Fitrah'' into English. The main question of this study is: what are the linguistic and stylistic problems that the translators of the Holy Quran meet while translating the meaning of Fitrah into English? Moreover, three selected English translations of the Holy Qur’an are used by the two researchers to accomplish this purpose: Marmaduke Pickthall’s (1996), Muhammad Muhsin Khan's, Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali’s (1996), and M. A. S Abdul Haleem's (2004). The study results revealed that some linguo-stylistic problems were found when rendering translating the meaning of Fitrah into English.

Aim of the present study was to assess the changes in microflora in delayed and immediately placed implant. In this study, a total of 30 implant areas in 30 patients were analyzed. The study group consists 14 male and 16 female participants in the age range of 20-40 years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (15 patients in each group). Group A: Immediate Implant Placement, Group B: Delayed Implant Placement. Implant placement done accordingly. The materials and media used for the study were sterilized. One day before, sample collection and implant placement, complete mouth scaling, and polishing were done. Sites to be sampled were isolated with sterile cotton rolls. Bacterial culture media used in the study include blood agar, Kanamycin blood agar, and Kanamycin‑vancomycin blood agar. The samples were collected in the following stages- preoperative stage, After 24 hrs postoperative, After 7 days postoperative, on the day of prosthesis placement, 1st month follow‑up, 2nd month follow‑up. These following samples were tested to calculate the growth of the following pathogenic microorganisms: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia.

Soil microarthropods are intimately linked with health and fertility of soil as well as plant productivity. In India, despite their rich faunal diversity, information on soil microarthropods diversity and interactions with variety of edaphic factors is extremely limited. The present study has been carried out to observe seasonal diversity of soil microarthropods in two different vegetable plots at Aligarh. The two vegetable plots chosen in this study where predominantly Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum) and Brinjal (Solanum melongena, family-Solaneceae) have been grown and sapling has been sown in the month of April when plants attained a height of approximately 6″. The samples were collected randomly from a depth of 5cm. @ of four samples per month for a period of one year. All microarthropods extracted with the help of Tullgren funnel apparatus. Among soil microarthropods collected, Collembolans have highest average monthly density (15.20 inds./sample) in brinjal plot and greatest abundance (18.7inds./sample) in tomato plot. A highly significant negative correlation was recorded between Collembolans population with reference to soil temperature (r = −0.867, P0.05). Interestingly, at neutral pH level, the highest population of Collembolans as well as Acari(mites) were recorded. During spring and winter months, there was a peak population buildup of Collembola and Acarina, whereas a sharp decline was recorded in summer months. So, this study clearly establishes that habitat difference as well as edaphic factors plays an important role along with seasonal parameters on their diversity.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of three desensitizing agents on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.Eighty human maxillary and mandibular permanent premolar teeth that were subjected to extraction in the course of orthodontic treatment were utilized in this study. The teeth were subjected to sectioning by employing a double-sided diamond disk. A block was procured from every even cervical dentinal surface with dimensions of 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm (L × B × H) by sectioning the tooth transversely. Further, 35% phosphoric acid was utilized for 30 s to cause dentinal etching, thereby exposing the dentinal tubules. The blocks of dentin were assigned at random to one of the following four groups (1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent (2.04 ± 0.08) exhibited higher mean dentinal tubular blockage, followed by the bioactive class-containing desensitizing substance (2.26 ± 0.19), tri-calcium phosphate desensitizing agent (2.84 ± 0.10), and the control group (4.18 ± 0.12) in that order. Amid the experimental groups employing the various desensitizing substances, there were significant differences statistically withThe current research concluded that each of the three desensitizing agents was efficient in dentinal tubular occlusion regardless of their different chemical constitution. However, it was noted that 1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent was marginally superior to the bioactive glass- and tri-calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agents.

The aim of the current study was to assess the clinical success of immediate loading implant in the esthetic zone.20 patients with 20 teeth to get replaced were selected for the study. All patients underwent a pre-surgical preparation followed by draping. Following stringent asepsis, necessary precaution was taken to not to injure the socket wall while removal of tooth. After removal, socket was thoroughly cleaned and curetted with saline and betadine. Using physiodispenser and drills, socket was properly prepared for implant insertion taking care of irrigation with saline to avoid heating of socket while drilling. Implants were then placed with initial stability with hand motion followed by complete insertion with hand ratchet. Black silk sutures were used to close the socket. Patients underwent the first control one week after surgery. They were recalled at the 1During the 1The current study concluded that immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone has a better success rate with good patient acceptance.

Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease in which the accumulation of bacterial plaque leads to an inflammatory reaction and destruction of supporting tissues around the teeth. The optimal goal in periodontal treatment is to eliminate the infection and to recreate the lost structures of cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the alveolar bone with the reestablishment of their functions. Achieving this regenerative aim, however, remains a major challenge for periodontists. In order to increase the predictability and the efficacy of regenerative periodontal therapies, treatment modalities have moved from the conventional guided tissue treatments to novel tissue engineering and stem cell–based treatments. This is achieved either by transplantation of cells from outside sources to the periodontal defects or by enhancing the recruitment of endogenous host cells present in the area, known as cell homing methods. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a term used for exposure of cells/ tissues to low-level laser light or light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which is absorbed by specific photoreceptors in cells and may cause alteration at a molecular level inside cells without any heat generation leading to biological changes in cell metabolism and function.

Oral health problems, among the most prevalent comorbidities related to addiction, require more attention by both clinicians and policy-makers. Our aims were to review oral complications associated with drugs, oral health care in addiction rehabilitation, health services available, and barriers against oral health promotion among addicts. Drug abuse is associated with serious oral health problems including generalized dental caries, periodontal diseases, mucosal dysplasia, xerostomia, bruxism, tooth wear, and tooth loss. Oral health care has positive effects in recovery from drug abuse: patients’ need for pain control, destigmatization, and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Health care systems worldwide deliver services for addicts, but most lack oral health care programs. Barriers against oral health promotion among addicts include difficulty in accessing addicts as a target population, lack of appropriate settings and of valid assessment protocols for conducting oral health studies, and poor collaboration between dental and general health care sectors serving addicts. These interfere with an accurate picture of the situation. Moreover, lack of appropriate policies to improve access to dental services, lack of comprehensive knowledge of and interest among dental professionals in treating addicts, and low demand for non-emergency dental care affect provision of effective interventions. Management of drug addiction as a multi-organ disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Health care programs usually lack oral health care elements. Published evidence on oral complications related to addiction emphasizes that regardless of these barriers, oral health care at various levels including education, prevention, and treatment should be integrated into general care services for addicts.

Aim The present study aims to assess the efficacy of non-resorbable and bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane periodontal tissue regenerative methods. Materials and methods Thirty teeth taken from 20 patients (8 males and 12 females) within the age range of 20-55 years having chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this trial. All the enrolled patients underwent phase I therapy which included scaling and root planing performed in two sittings by a single practitioner. Patients who fulfilled the selection criteria entered the study and were randomly allocated to the three groups. Group I: control group, group II: patients who received a non-resorbable GTR membrane, and group III: patients who received a bioabsorbable GTR membrane. The clinical parameters that were documented at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively were the gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth (vertical and horizontal) for all the three groups. Results The mean gingival index score was 1.64 ± 0.32 in group III at baseline, which decreased to 1.20 ± 0.10 at 6 months postoperatively. The plaque index reduced from 1.36 ± 0.46 at baseline to 1.04 ± 0.01 at 6 months postoperatively. The vertical and horizontal probing depths demonstrated a statistically significant difference between all the three groups. Conclusion The present study established that both membranes resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in the treatment of grade II furcation defects.

Aim The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically. Materials and methods A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%. Results The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on periodontal pathogens. Materials and methods Matured, healthy and disease-free leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were collected. The leaves were washed under tap water and finally dried in an oven at a temperature of 45°C for 48 hours. The dried plants were ground in an electric blender to make them into a powder. The powder was mixed with 100% ethanol and kept it inside a shaker overnight at 35°C. The mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,500 rpm. Three different concentrations (10%, 50%, and 100% v/v) were used as antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was considered as positive control and dimethyl formamide was considered as negative control against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the extract's antibacterial activity against the test organisms. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the diameter of antibacterial activity showing the zone of inhibition in millimeters. Results Eucalyptus globulus with 100% concentration showed a maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (5.38 ± 0.32 mm, 4.82 ± 0.11 mm) followed by 50% and 10% accordingly. The negative control of dimethyl formamide showed a zone of inhibition of 0.48 ± 0.96 mm and 0.63 ± 0.20 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The positive control of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 8.46 ± 1.02 mm and 7.18 ± 0.54 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant antibacterial efficacy in 0.2% chlorhexidine and 100% concentration Eucalyptus globulus. Conclusion A significant maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was showed by 100% concentration of Eucalyptus globulus. Clinical significance Other than the systemic diseases treatment, Eucalyptus globulus also serves as an effective promising alternative to antibiotics in the prevention of oral infections because of the natural phytochemicals existing in them.

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of various root-conditioning agents on root surfaces that are periodontally affected. Materials and methods A total of 90 human teeth having single root that were extracted because of chronic periodontitis were chosen. The extracted teeth were cleaned of saliva and blood using a soft-bristled brush and distilled water. The investigational groups were categorized into group I-doxycycline HCl, group II-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and group III-tetracycline HCl. Samples were readied for histological study by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was used to assess the effectiveness of smear layer removal, amount of patent dentinal tubules out of the totality of dentinal tubules present, and the appreciation of collagen fiber-like structures inside the intertubular area. Results The highest efficacy for smear layer removal was seen for group III-tetracycline HCl samples (1.80 ± 0.148) followed next by group II-EDTA (1.36 ± 0.230), and group I-doxycycline HCl (1.30 ± 0.283). The highest number of patent dentinal tubules were seen in group III-tetracycline HCl (44.50 ± 0.18) followed immediately by group II-EDTA (38.10 ± 0.42), and group I-doxycycline HCl (34.90 ± 0.23). The highest number of appreciation of collagen-like structures was recorded in group III-tetracycline HCl (2.64 ± 0.04) followed next by group I-doxycycline HCl (1.88 ± 0.10) and group II-EDTA (1.76 ± 0.28). Conclusion The present in vitro study concludes tetracycline HCl root-conditioning agent to be significantly more efficient in smear layer removal, exposing collagen fibers and amount of patent dentinal tubules than doxycycline HCl and EDTA. Clinical significance The modification of the root surface of human teeth with the use of root conditioning agents leads to enhanced attachment by connective tissue resulting in improved reconstructive periodontal treatment goals.

Aim The aim of the study was to develop a model that represents a basal implant with stress distribution in the cortical bone on application of loads emulating masticatory forces. Materials and methods In this study, the stress distribution in the bone and the implant is evaluated by applying various loads that emulate the masticatory forces. The geometric models of cortical bone representing the premolar area and a basal implant model of the following specifications, longitudinal oval threaded pin (1.95 mm × 2.1/2.3 mm o), height of the implant head (7.2 mm), and width of the implant head (3.5 mm) (BOI BS, IDHEDENTAL), were generated with Ansys software, and both the implant model and the bone model are superimposed to mimic the bone implant system as a unit. Results Overall comparison of stress distribution on both implant shaft and implant neck showed that maximum stresses are located at implant neck irrespective of forces applied and minimum stresses are located at implant shaft. On overall comparison of stresses seen within the bone and the implant, it was observed that the maximum stresses were seen in the implant neck followed by the implant shaft followed by the bone interface. Conclusion The present study concluded that the stress transmission is greatest during application of oblique load (70 N) followed by horizontal load (10 N) and the least by vertical load (35 N).

The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically.A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%.The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups.It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various concentrations ofMatured, healthy and disease-free leaves ofA significant maximum zone of inhibition againstOther than the systemic diseases treatment

Background & Objectives: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone around the affected tooth. Different modalities have been employed in the treatment and regeneration of periodontal defects which include the use of bone grafts, PRP and other growth factors.The purpose of this prospective, randomized controlled study was to compare the regenerative efficacy of PRP and bonegraft in intrabony periodontal defects. Methodology: This randomized control trial was carried out in the Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar. The study sample included 20 periodontal infrabony defects in 20 patients, 12 males and 8 females. The patients were aged between 25 -45 years(with mean age of 35 years). The 20 sites selected for the study were was randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 sites each. Group A: PRP alone, Group B: Bone Graft. Statistical Anaysis & Results: Statistical Analysis Was Done Using SPSS (Version 18.0): Statistical analysis was done usingpaired ‘t’ tests and ANOVA that revealed a significant reduction ingingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level at various time intervalswithin both the groups. Radiographic evaluation revealed statistically significant defect fill (p Conclusion: Both the groups showed promising results in enhancing periodontal regeneration; however the resultswith bonegraftwere comparatively better, although not statistically significant when compared to PRP alone.

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different bristle designs of toothbrushes and the periodontal status among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods This randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisted of 45 adolescents (comprising 20 males and 25 females) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The study participants were randomly allocated to three groups, each group being assigned a locally available toothbrush with a particular design of toothbrush bristle. In the first test phase, group I study participants were allocated to toothbrush with flat bristles, group II study subjects were allocated to toothbrush with zigzag bristles, and group III study participants were allocated to toothbrush with crisscross bristles. The study participants were recalled after 4 weeks to check the effectiveness of the allocated toothbrushes. A washout period of 1 week was maintained to ensure that there was no carryover effect of the different bristle designs. In the second test phase, each patient used the opposite toothbrush bristle design (group I: toothbrush with zigzag bristles, group II: toothbrush with crisscross bristles, and group III: toothbrush with flat bristles). Plaque scores were measured using Turesky—Gilmore—Glickman modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI). Results In both phase 1 and 2 of this RCT, toothbrush with crisscross bristles exhibited maximum plaque reduction among the three different bristle design toothbrushes following 30 days (p = 0.312 ± 0.102 and 0.280 ± 0.110, respectively), which was statistically significant. Conclusion It was concluded that all the three designs of toothbrushes were effective in removing plaque in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. But among the three different toothbrushes, toothbrush with crisscross bristles showed the highest mean plaque reduction. Clinical significance Plaque accumulation around the orthodontic brackets and gingival margins is quite common among the fixed orthodontic patients, who encounter difficulty in maintaining good oral hygiene. Specially designed toothbrushes are very essential for effective plaque removal among the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. How to cite this article Naik SP, Punathil S, Shetty P, Jayanti I, Jalaluddin M, Avijeeta A. Effectiveness of Different Bristle Designs of Toothbrushes and Periodontal Status among Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Double-blind Crossover Design. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):150-155.

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease is increasingly being recognized in developing countries. It is often underdiagnosed resulting in significant mortality as the presenting features mimic other commonly prevailing diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Acute hepatitis, Typhoid in developing world. We report a case of 32 yrs old male, sewer worker presented with acute febrile illness with icterus, hemorrhagic manifestation and pulmonary-renal involvement, diagnosed as Severe Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) confirmed by ICT method. This experience highlights the importance of considering Leptospirosis early in the diagnosis of acute non specific febrile illness with multi-organ involvement to cutoff mortality from this fatal disease.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 61-64

Soil biological communities are influenced by several factors like edaphic factors, environmental variables, soil nutrients availability and anthropogenic changes including urban development and agricultural practices.Edaphic factors exert the conditions directly to influence microarthropods populations. To test this hypothesis, a question has been addressed; how factors regulate the ecosystem functions in contemporary a combined fashion? We observed, vegetation and habitat conditions both have close relationship and profoundly affect microarthropods populations particularly affect on local scale, resulted microclimatic influence of edaphic matrix which is generally system oriented. It is further discussed in this paper, on what attempt possible for better functional use of microarthropods which is important for conservation and for better output as a result of soil productivity in contemporary harsh climatic conditions with minimum use of amendments. It has been concluded in this study that diverse species found in structurally diverse habitats where they often appear to specialized conditions in native agricultural ecosystem.

Soil biodiversity is undergoing dramatic changes due to human and climatic interference, habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use change, increasing pollution and degradation in terrestrial ecosystems. The overall effect of habitat loss is on the loss of soil biodiversity which might be due to negative response of substrate quality. Adverse microclimatic conditions may also be detrimental to species specific communities along with waste water contamination. Thus, an investigation has been carried out to ascertain the effect of habitat quality, microclimatic conditions and waste water contamination on diversity and distribution of Collembola community at Aligarh. For this, 4 samples have been taken monthly for a period of one year from two different study sites of Aligarh along with edapho-chemical properties. We observed that, density of Collembola (18.8 ind./sample) was always approximately three times more in agriculture site than in wasteland (7.6 ind./sample) site. Population of Collembola was statistically positive significant with reference to soil organic matter % (r = 0.621, P>0.05), SOC % (r = 0.622, P>0.05), Available nitrogen (r = 0.622, P>0.05) and Potash (r = 0.562, P>0.05) in Agriculture site whereas these all were statistically insignificant in Wasteland site. This observation suggests that quality of habitat has a direct effect on the diversity and population of Collembolans. The wasteland site which is a sewage filled from the nearby colonies also it is a dumping ground of waste building material under Municipal Corporation. Hence, the soil is highly contaminated as compared to the agricultural soil.