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Plants are considered an inestimable source of therapy, and one of the oldest. The structural elucidation of phytocompounds allowed the scientific community to elaborate on new effective drugs, which has considerably enriched the international pharmacopoeia and allowed society to overcome several epidemic and pandemic situations.Centaureaspecies demonstrated over the years a remarkable capacity to treat several illnesses related to inflammation, oxidative stress and even cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing capacity of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract ofCentaurea tougourensisusing a formulation approach, during a period of 18 days. Male Swiss Albino mice were used for this purpose and the wound area was calculated using Image J software. In addition, macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed. The study revealed a considerable healing process for the two tested concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the plant extract, reaching at the end of treatment a percentage reduction in wound area of (91.82%) and (99.80%) respectively, noting that no sign of inflammation was detected in the group of mice treated by plant extract. This study demonstrated once again the pharmacological properties of this species.

Purpose: To determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of the aerial parts of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut. Methods: The effects of n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis on carrageenan-induced paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage were determined at 2 doses (200 and 400 mg/kg, po) in a mouse model. For each test, the animals were randomly divided into negative and positive control groups, as well as extract-treated groups. The mice were observed for any sign of inflammation for a period of 24h. Results: Reduction of paw edema by C. tougourensis extract was highly significant (p < 0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg 24 h after carrageenan injection, with 55.26 % inhibition, followed very closely by 53.15 % inhibition at the dose of 200 mg/kg; indomethacin group showed an inhibition of 60 %. Histological examination supported the inhibition results. A significant reduction in inflammation by the extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg was also observed. No sign of ulcer was observed with C. tougourensis at the two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). The total polyphenol content of the n-BuOH extract was 85.44 цg gallic acid equivalent/mg of extract. Tannins were the most abundant fraction (51.87 цg tannic acid equivalent/mg of extract), followed by flavonoids (25.55 цg quercetin equivalent/mg of extract). Conclusion: The results indicate that C. tougourensis may have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and pain, besides its protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

Nowadays, plants bioactive compounds are considered as a new source of therapy, especially for the elaboration process of more effective drugs. 80% of the actual drug substances are purely natural and originate from plants, representing a new hope, especially for the treatment of chronic illnesses. The aim of this study is to characterize the phytochemical composition of C. tougourensis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach. This method allowed the identification of 45 compounds in the n-butanol extract (n-BuOH), in which 12 compounds were in majority, namely; 2H-Furo [2,3-b] indole, 3,3a,8,8atetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl- (16.12%), Benz [c] pyran-1,3-dione, 4,4-dimethyl- (14.87%), Octadecanoic acid,9-oxo-, methyl ester (9.69%), Hydromorphone (7.94%), Acetamide, N-[3-[2-(2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-indolyl)-1-oxoethyl]p (6.14%), 2,6-Di-n-propyl-4-(2-furyl)pyridine (6.11%), Norhydrocodone (5.98%), Anthracene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- (4.72%), 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzonitrile, N-oxide (4.47%), 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (2.94%), 3,5-Diethyl-4-(2-furyl) pyridine (2.75%) and 3H-Pyrrolo [3,2-f] quinoline, 5-methoxy-1,2,7,9-tetramethyl- (2.30%). Concerning the ethyl acetate (EA) extract; 23 compounds were identified, in which 13 compounds were in majority, namely; [Bi-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-3,3,′6,6′-tetrone, 4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2,′5,5′-tetramethyl- (27.31%), Thiosulfuric acid, S-(2-aminoethyl) ester (15.07%), 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- (8.91%), 3-Methyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-prop-2-enyl-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (7.12%), Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- (5.74%), Heptacos-1-ene (5.03%), Propionic acid, 3-iodo-, tetradecyl ester (4.92%), 2-Methyl-E-7-octadecene (4.68%), 7,8-Epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- (3.65%), 4-Fluoro-1-methyl-5-carboxylic acid, ethyl(ester) (3.15%), Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- (2.79%), Undec-10-ynoic acid, tetradecyl ester (2.77%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (2.72%).

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important crops in arid and semi-arid zones.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the chemical profile of methanolic crude extract and its fractions (Ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, to evaluate their biological and pharmacological properties: antioxidant (1, 1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) (ABTS(·+)), galvinoxyle free radical scavenging, reducing power, phenanthroline and β carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assays), enzymes inhibitory ability against several enzymes [acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), buthyrylcholinesterase (BChE), urease and tyrosinase]. METHODS: Secondary metabolites were extracted from Tamarix africana air-dried powdered leaves by maceration, the crude extract was fractionated using different solvents with different polarities (Ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous). The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) were determined using colorimetric assays. A variety of in vitro biochemical tests were carried out to assess antioxidant and oxygen radical scavenging properties using DPPH, ABTS, galvinoxyle free radical scavenging, reducing power, phenanthroline and β carotene-linoleic acid bleaching methods. Neuroprotective effect was examined against acetylcholinesterase and buthy-rylcholinesterase enzymes. The anti-urease and anti-tyrosinase activities were performed against urease and tyrosinase enzymes respectively. The extract's components were identified using LC-MS and compared to reference substances. RESULTS: The results indicated that Tamarix africana extracts presented a powerful antioxidant activity in all assays and exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against AChE and BChE as well as urease and tyrosinase enzymes. LC-MS analysis identified amount of eight phenolic compounds were revealed in this analysis; Apigenin, Diosmin, Quercetin, Quercetine-3-glycoside, Apigenin 7-O glycoside, Rutin, Neohesperidin and Wogonin in methanolic extract and its different fractions of Tamarix africana from leaves. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that Tamarix africana could be considered as a potential candidate for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries to create innovative health-promoting drugs.

Summary Introduction Traditional medicine has an important place in human history and this since antiquity. Indeed, during Egyptian and Chinese civilization era, many detailed manuscripts, describing the therapeutic effect of plants, were found which suggest that folk medicine is the basis of the actual medicine. Objective To investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis. Methods The phytochemical evaluation was done based on HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while the hemostatic effect was performed using plasma recalcification time (PRT) method. The antidiabetic capacity was investigated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and the photoprotective test was evaluated by the measurement of sun protection factor (SPF). Results 13 phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts of C. tougourensis. These extracts showed antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic and photoprotective properties with a dose-dependent manner. Amounts of n-BuOH activities were found higher, with a respective IC50 value of 0.72±0.07 μg/ml in DPPH assay, an A0.50 value lower than 3.125 μg/ml in CUPRAC assay besides a shortening rate percentage of coagulation (86.71%) in haemostatic assay, a moderate inhibition effect on alpha amylase activity with an IC50 value of (711.5±0.03 μg/ml) and a maximum sun protection factor of (56.035). These results were mostly found highly significant (p Conclusion This study demonstrated some pharmacological effects of C. tougourensis which suggests that our plant could be a good candidate to treat some illnesses related to oxidative stress, bleeding or skin cancer.