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Abstract Recognizing Arabic dot-matrix digits is a challenging problem due to the unique characteristics of dot-matrix fonts, such as irregular dot spacing and varying dot sizes. This paper presents an approach for recognizing Arabic digits printed in dot matrix format. The proposed model is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) that take the dot matrix as input and generate embeddings that are rounded to generate binary representations of the digits. The binary embeddings are then used to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on the date images. To overcome the challenge of the limited availability of dotted Arabic expiration date images, we developed a True Type Font (TTF) for generating synthetic images of Arabic dot-matrix characters. The model was trained on a synthetic dataset of 3287 images and 658 synthetic images for testing, representing realistic expiration dates from 2019 to 2027 in the format of yyyy/mm/dd and yy/mm/dd. Our model achieved an accuracy of 98.94% on the expiry date recognition with Arabic dot matrix format using fewer parameters and less computational resources than traditional CNN-based models. By investigating and presenting our findings comprehensively, we aim to contribute substantially to the field of OCR and pave the way for advancements in Arabic dot-matrix character recognition. Our proposed approach is not limited to Arabic dot matrix digit recognition but can be also extended to text recognition tasks, such as text classification and sentiment analysis.

Abstract A non-linear mathematical model of underactuated airship is derived in this paper based on Euler-Newton approach. The model is linearized with small disturbance theory, producing a linear time varying (LTV) model. The LTV model is verified by comparing its output response with the result of the nonlinear model for a given input signal. The verified LTV model is used in designing the LQT controller. The controller is designed to minimize the error between the output and required states response with acceptable control signals using a weighted cost function. Two LQT controllers are presented in this work based on two different costates transformations used in solving the differential Riccati equation (DRE). The first proposed assumption of costates transformation has a good tracking performance, but it is sensitive to the change of trajectory profile, whereas the second one overcomes this problem due to considering the trajectory dynamics. Therefore, the first assumption is performed across the whole trajectory tracking except for parts of trajectory profile changes where the second assumption is applied. The hybrid LQT controller is used and tested on circular, helical, and bowed trajectories. The simulation assured that the introduced hybrid controller results in improving airship performance.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance leading to many chronic complications. It is thus important to manage diabetes effectively in order to prevent and or delay these complications. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the wake-sleep circadian rhythm. Existing evidence suggests that melatonin may be effective in the management of DM. However, the evidence on the mechanism of the beneficial effect melatonin as a treatment for DM is limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment on blood glucose, insulin (INS), AKT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene levels in diabetic rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated orally for 4 weeks with either 25 mg or 50 mg/kg body weight of melatonin. At the end of the study, pancreatic and liver tissues morphology, glucose homeostasis, serum insulin and SOD levels, hepatic gene and protein expression of SOD as protecting antioxidant enzyme and AKT as central element involved in PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway were estimated. Melatonin treated diabetic rats showed reduced hyperglycemia, and increased serum insulin and SOD levels. In addition, melatonin induced an increased gene and protein expression of SOD and AKT. In conclusion, melatonin may play a role in treating diabetic rats via stimulation of insulin secretion, insulin signaling and reduction in oxidative stress.

The objective of this work is to conduct a stress analysis of an H-rotor vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) blade under aerodynamic loads. The rotor blade is designed based on the maximum deflection and bending stresses at extreme loading conditions, specifically the maximum radial force acting on the blade. The impact of the tip speed ratio and blade pitch angle on the bending stress of the H-rotor VAWT is presented. Analytical beam theories are used to determine the maximum deformation and bending stress, which are then validated numerically using the finite element method (FEM) with ANSYS software. The blade is composed of S-2 fiberglass/Epoxy composite material. The stress analysis is performed on both a solid cross-section blade and a hollow blade with varying wall thickness. A comparison is made between the S-2 fiberglass/Epoxy and carbon fiber/Epoxy composites, revealing that carbon fiber composites induce greater deflection in the rotor blade compared to S-2 fiberglass blades. Additionally, it is concluded that the tip speed ratio directly affects both the bending stress and total deflection of the blade.

The detrimental effects of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation on living organisms, with a specific focus on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, were examined. This study investigated the impact of heightened UVC radiation exposure on D. melanogaster by assessing mortality and fertility rates, studying phenotypic mutations, and investigating the associated molecular mechanisms. The findings of this study revealed that UVC radiation increases mortality rates and decreases fertility rates in D. melanogaster. Additionally, phenotypic wing mutations were observed in the exposed flies. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that UVC radiation downregulates the expression of antioxidant genes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD), and the G protein-coupled receptor methuselah (MTH) gene. These results suggest that UVC radiation exerts a destructive effect on D. melanogaster by inducing oxidative stress, which is marked by the overexpression of harmful oxidative processes and a simultaneous reduction in antioxidant gene expression. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical importance of comprehending the deleterious effects of UVC radiation, not only to safeguard human health on Earth, but also to address the potential risks associated with space missions, such as the ongoing Emirate astronaut program.

Abstract Background Conventional airship mathematical modeling usually involves six coupled degrees of freedom and two inputs, namely tail and thrust. The current study focuses on aerodynamic modeling. The aerodynamic model is developed in 3D-space based on plane semi-empirical model of a symmetric airship. The model depends on the main geometrical parameters of the airship. The study introduces an optimal shape design of the airship. The objective function is established to reduce drag and the effect of side flow and increases both lift force and pitching moment. Three types of airship shape construction are investigated, namely NPL, GNVR, and Wang. Results MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox is used to obtain the optimal shape. The population size is 50 and the number of generations is also 50 for NPL, GNVR and Wang shapes at each corresponding angle of attack $$(\alpha =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$ ( α = - 20 ∘ , 20 ∘ ) and side-slip angle $$(\beta =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$ ( β = - 20 ∘ , 20 ∘ ) . The shapes are compared to select the best fit within the operating range. To get the optimal shape, weighted averaging is performed on the optimal solution. Conclusion The GNVR geometric construction technique is the best method to generate the optimum shape of the airship in the presence of side-slip angle effect with the utilized objective function that reduces drag and side flow and increases lift and pitching moment.

Abstract Introduction After laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), pain is still a significant concern leading to extended hospital stays or readmissions. A standardized strategy is needed to offer effective pain relief postoperatively. The pain in the early postoperative period is mainly due to elimination of intraperitoneal surface tension. The aim of this study is to evaluate the restoration of intraabdominal surface tension and the use of bupivacaine‐soaked tachosil to control parietal abdominal pain at the port sites to optimize postoperative pain management. Patients and methods Between March 2020 to December 2021, 816 patients undergoing LC were randomized into two groups after exclusion of 12 patients: Group A—interventional contained 402 patients; Group B—control contained 402 patients. Data to be compared were made in terms of operative time, shoulder pain, upper abdominal pain, and number of analgesic doses and hospital stay. Pain intensity was assessed by using the visual analog scale. Results There was no significant variation in the demographic data between the two groups. There was significant statistical difference between Groups (A) and (B) regarding severity of shoulder pain and port site pain and number of analgesic doses and hospital stay in favor of Group (A). The results were evaluated within 95% confidence intervals and significance was determined as P

Abstract Background Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide health problem. HCV infection is linked to a variety of metabolic abnormalities as it interferes with lipid metabolism, causing steatosis and a wide range of adipocytokine alterations, as well as impairing glucose metabolism, resulting in a rising prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Over the last few years, numerous oral anti-HCV medicines (direct-acting antivirals; DAAs) have been introduced. With DAA therapy, HCV can now be eradicated from the infected host within 12 weeks. There is a need for more research because there is minimal information on the effects of DAA therapy on metabolic profiles, lipid profiles, and adiponectin levels. Thus, the purpose of this study was to see how direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) affected metabolic profiles and serum adiponectin levels in 2 different categories of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. This study included 100 patients with chronic HCV who were separated into two groups. Group I consisted of 50 patients who were treated for 12 weeks with sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin). Group II consisted of 50 patients who were treated for 12 weeks with ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir/ribavirin. This regimen was chosen because these patients had an eGFR of 30 ml/min. Fasting lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL), metabolic profiles (fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C), and serum adiponectin levels were measured before and after the end of treatment. Results Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference in the lipid profile in group I before and after treatment, as we found a significant reduction in serum triglycerides after treatment (113.2 ± 22.9 mg/dL vs 105.6 ± 23.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and a significant elevation of serum total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment (TC: 153.2 ± 20.1 mg/dL vs 174.1 ± 19 mg/dL, P < 0.001; LDL: 74.7 ± 9.9 mg/dL vs 93.3 ± 12 mg/dL, P < 0.001; HDL: 54.6 ± 10.1 mg/dL vs 57.2 ± 10.3 mg/dL, P 0.010). But in group II, there was no significant difference in the lipid profile before and after treatment. We also found a significant reduction in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HBA1C after treatment in group I (fasting insulin: 11.4 ± 3.3 (µU/L)/ml vs 9.7 ± 2.2 (µU/L)/ml, P < 0.001; HOMA-IR: 2.7 ± 0.9 vs 2.2 ± 0.6, P < 0.001; HBA1C: 5.6 ± 0.4 vs 5.4 ± 0.3, P 0.003). But in group II, there was no significant difference in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HBA1C before and after treatment. Also, we found that there were no significant changes in the serum adiponectin level in either group before or after treatment. Conclusion HCV clearance with DAAs had an impact on the lipid and metabolic profiles of the patients at the end of treatment. This could depend on the type of DAAs used in the treatment, the stage of the liver disease, and the associated conditions of patients. However, serum adiponectin levels are unaffected.

Abstract Background This study investigated the effect of preheating of bulk-fill BIS-GMA free and containing resin composite on post-gel shrinkage strain. In a split Teflon mold, sixty resin composite specimens were prepared with dimensions 7 mm length × 4 mm width × 4 mm height. Thirty specimens of each tested restorative materials were prepared, ten specimens for each selected temperature used in the study (room temperature 23 °C, 50 °C and 65 °C). The resin composite was monitored for post-gel shrinkage strain for 3 min after light irradiation using strain gauges. For pairwise comparisons, Duncan’s multiple range test was used to analyze the data after two-way ANOVA. The p ≤ 0.05 significance level was chosen. Results Viscalor thermoviscous bulk-fill composite Bis-GMA containing had the lowest polymerization shrinkage strain values in the three different temperatures. There was a statistically significant difference between groups according to material used at different temperatures. Both tested materials showed the highest shrinkage strain when preheated at 65 °C. Conclusions While the technology of thermoviscous is introduced to deliver the viscosity of a flowable resin composite so reducing the polymerization strain, it actually had adverse effect on it. Preheating of bulk-fill BIS-GMA free resin composite either to 50 °C or 65 °C had no effect on decreasing the polymerization shrinkage strain. Polymerization shrinkage strain of bulk-fill BIS-GMA contains resin composite either without or with preheating far superior to that of BIS-GMA free resin composite.

This paper discusses how much food is wasted in Egypt, and how can we prevent these losses considering wheat crop case study. The main objective is to define and reduce the amount of food losses in Egypt. Official data and a field questionnaire designed to serve the objectives of the analysis showed that the average water losses due to wheat wastage in Egypt (2012–2016) is 6.0 billion m3 from total wheat available for consumption in Egypt. The amount of water losses is considerable. Also, the relationship of the demographic variables of the sample of the study with the presence or absence of loss of wheat bread indicate that there is a statistically significant relation between the demographic variables studied, and the wheat wastage in Egypt. Findings also show that with careful trade and agricultural policy changes, both wasted economic valuable crop and water resources could be better utilized.

Objectives: To report on the live birth rates (LBRs) following percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) in men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) and factors affecting treatment outcome which is under reported in the literature. Methods: This is a multicenter study that was conducted in Egypt including all couples undergoing intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for OA using PESA-derived sperms. Men were subdivided according to aetiology into congenital, iatrogenic and idiopathic groups. Fertilization, pregnancy and LBRs were determined and compared in each group. The longitudinal LBR, crude and expected cumulative delivery rates (CCDR, ECDR) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant associations between maternal, paternal and ICSI factors with successful live births. Results: Ninety couples were included in the study. Viable sperm for ICSI was retrieved in 89 men (98.9%). A total of 155 ICSI cycles with 17 frozen embryo transfers resulted in 81 pregnan-cies and 55 live births. After 5 cycles, the longitudinal LBR, CCDR and ECDR were 30%, 57.3% and 88.6% respectively. Maternal age and number of fertilized eggs were the only fac-tors significantly affecting LBRs. Conclusions: PESA is a minimally invasive procedure for secur-ing viable sperm for ICSI in OA men, with high cumulative delivery rates. Maternal age and number of fertilized eggs are the only factors that significantly affecting LBR. The contempo-rary longitudinal and cumulative LBRs provide objective out-come data to counsel OA patients undergoing fertility treat-ments.

Background Endometriosis is regarded as a benign condition, despite the potential for recurrence and metastasis,. It might lead to secondary ovarian cancer from endometrioma. Objective The aim of this current study was to determine the relationship between risk factors for endometriosis and disease stages. Methods This current cross-sectional study was performed at the endoscopic unit at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. The participants included 85 women who were candidates for laparoscopy and diagnosed with endometriosis in the period from November 2019 to November 2020. The tools used for data collection were a structured interviewing form and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine scoring tool (ASRM) for determining stages of endometriosis. Results The high percentages of studied women were nulliparous (74.1%) and (51.8%) have secondary infertility. Endometriosis was staged as 20.0% minimal (ASRM stage I), 34.1% mild (ASRM stage II), 29.4% moderate (ASRM stage III), and 16.5% severe (ASRM stage IV). Congestive dysmenorrhea (78.8%), dyspareunia (77.6%), and secondary infertility (51.8%) were more reported symptoms in all stages of endometriosis. Conclusion This study concluded that women within reproductive age, nulliparity, lower body weight, urban residence, and past surgery of the pelvic were considered as risk factors in all disease stages.

Abstract Background Preoperative anxiety has deleterious effects on patients’ outcome through its influence on intraoperative requirements of anesthetics and analgesics (Bayrak et al., J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 29:868–873, 2019), postoperative (PO) pain intensity, and analgesia requirement, and may even increase PO morbidity and mortality after certain types of surgery. Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under control of an endogenous rhythm of secretion generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The current study hypothesized that preoperative melatonin could reduce patients’ anxiety and reduce intraoperative (IO) and postoperative (PO) analgesic in a dose-dependent manner. Results Preoperative consultation was, to some extent, effective in reducing patients’ anxiety and apprehension. At 1 h after receiving premedication, Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire (ASSQ) scores were significantly lower in study groups in comparison to baseline scores and at 1 h scores of P group patients (patients who received 3 ml of plain distilled water), and this significant effect extended for 3-h PO. The reported ∆∆ASSQ between study groups was 25.9% between M2 (melatonin) and Z (midazolam) groups and 36.9% between groups M1 (received melatonin in a dose of 3 mg) and M2 (received melatonin in a dose of 6 mg). Preoperative anxiolytic therapy allowed reduction of PO pain scores and analgesia consumption with prolongation of duration till 1st request of rescue analgesia, and these effects were more pronounced with melatonin 6 mg in comparison to placebo, melatonin 3mg, or midazolam. Conclusion Preoperative melatonin is an appropriate policy for reduction of preoperative anxiety and provided reduction of PO anxiety, pain scores, and consumption of analgesia thus promoting early recovery and short PO hospital stay. Dose dependency was evident, and preoperative melatonin 6-mg dose provided satisfactory effect.

Abstract Background Overdose of paracetamol affects liver cells leading to cell death. This is done through hepatic necrosis, which is characterized by a rupture of the plasma membrane. A variety of investigations has been conducted using herbal extracts to assess liver toxicity induced by paracetamol. Here we examined herbal plant species, Acridocarpus orientalis (A. orientalis), ethanolic extract to study its potential to protect against hepatotoxicity in mice. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) enzymes were estimated for all mice groups. A phytochemical screening was also conducted. Results Phytochemical screening showed that A. orientalis contains flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and phenolics derivatives. A. orientalis pretreatment showed significant reduction of liver marker enzymes ALT and AST in almost all concentrations. Furthermore, serum GSH levels were significantly increased in A. orientalis pretreated mice groups. In addition, a reduction in liver weights in pretreated mice with A. orientalis showed significant weight loss at dose 250 mg/kg BW (P

Abstract Background Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is currently used for serologic screening in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but with low sensitivity ranging 41–65% with a high rate of false-negative and false-positive results. For the hypermethylation of the p16 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (p16INK4A), a tumor suppressor gene results in the uncontrolled division of cells. This suggests that the loss of p16INK4A function due to promoter methylation may be an early event in HCC pathogenesis so the study aimed to assess aberrant p16INK4A gene methylation as an early diagnostic marker in HCC patients. Results Our study revealed a highly significant increase of p16INK4A methylation in patients versus controls (Fisher, 36.11; p < 0.01). P16INK4A methylation was detected in 86.6% (26/30) and none of the controls were methylated (100% specificity) compared to the low sensitivity of AFP 65.38% at a cutoff value of 28 ng/mL. Data revealed non-significant difference of p16INK4A methylation status between different HCC Barcelona stages (Fisher, 0.055; p > 0.05). While, AFP levels were statistically significantly higher in stages B and C (median = 243,400 ng/mL, respectively, when compared to stage A (median = 10 ng/mL) (H:16.667, p < 0.01)). Conclusion Early diagnosis of HCC can be achieved through the detection of p16INK4A gene methylation in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with normal serum AFP especially in known cirrhotic patients that deteriorate clinically without apparent etiology.

Background Endometriosis is considered the most common cause of pelvic adhesions in women. Endometriosis- associated adhesions could result in the formation of fibrous bands, which contain endometriotic glands, stroma and scarring. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of endometriosis-related adhesions on quality of life among infertile women. Materials and Methods This descriptive study was conducted at Endoscopic Unit, in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. Oral consent for participation in this study was taken from 109 women who were candidates for laparoscopy as infertile cases and were diagnosed with endometriosis. They were classified into two groups namely, group I (n=41) who had endometriosis with adhesions and group II (n=68) who had endometriosis without adhesions. A structured interviewing form, adhesion scoring method of the American Fertility Society, and Global Quality of Life Scale were used to collect required information. Results The prevalence of adhesions resulted from endometriosis was 37.6%. Demographic characteristics of the women with endometriosis-related adhesions were not significantly different from those of women without endome- triosis-related adhesions. The most common location for endometriotic adhesions was adnexal adhesion (51.2%) fol- lowed by adhesion of anterior abdominal wall (24.4%). Quality of life was significantly impacted by endometriosis- related adhesions (P=0.002). Conclusion A high percentage of studied patients had a moderate degree of adhesions. Adhesions caused by endo- metriosis had an impact on quality of life of the studied women.

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) common natural occurrences and the significantly lower toxicities of many SM have led to the approaching development and use of these compounds as effective pharmaceutical agents; especially in cancer therapy. A combination of two or three of plant secondary metabolites together or of one SM with specific anticancer drugs, may synergistically decrease the doses needed, widen the chemotherapeutic window, mediate more effective cell growth inhibition, and avoid the side effects of high drug concentrations. In mixtures they can exert additive or even synergistic activities. Many SM can effectively increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. In phytotherapy, secondary metabolites (SM) of medicinal plants can interact with single or multiple targets. The multi-molecular mechanisms of plant secondary metabolites to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) are highlighted in this review. These mechanisms include interaction with membrane proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1); an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), and induction of apoptosis. P-gp plays an important role in the development of MDR in cancer cells and is involved in potential chemotherapy failure. Therefore, the ingestion of dietary supplements, food or beverages containing secondary metabolites e.g., polyphenols or terpenoids may alter the bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and safety of the drugs that are P-gp substrates.

Prediction of aerodynamic forces acting on a wind turbine is a crucial step in the design process to avoid wind turbine fatigue failure. The presented work is a parametric study and experimental validation for the aerodynamic loads acting on 3-bladed H-rotor vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with a NACA 0021 airfoil. Good agreement has been obtained between predicted load values and the experimental results.

Interaction mechanisms of human serum albumin (HSA) with safranal and crocin were studied using UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies as well as molecular docking techniques. Changes in absorbance and fluorescence of HSA upon interactions with both compounds were attributed to their binding to amino acid chromophores located in subdomains IIA and IIIA. Fluorescence secondary inner filter effect was excluded using 278 nm and 340 nm as the wavelengths of HSA's excitation and fluorescence while safranal and crocin absorbed at 320 nm and 445 nm, respectively. Stern-Volmer model revealed a static quenching mechanism involve the formation of non-fluorescent ground state complexes. Stern-Volmer, Hill, Benesi-Hilbrand and Scatchard models gave apparent binding constants ranged in 4.25 × 103 - 2.15 × 105 for safranal and 7.67 × 103 - 4.23 × 105 L mol−1 for crocin. CD measurements indicated that 13 folds of safranal and crocin unfolded the α-helix structure of HSA by 7.47–21.20%. In-silico molecular docking revealed selective exothermic binding of safranal on eight binding sites with binding energies ranged in −3.969 to −6.6.913 kcal/mol. Crocin exothermally bound to a new large pocket located on subdomain IIA (sudlow 1) with binding energy of −12.922 kcal/mol.These results confirmed the formation of HSA stable complexes with safranal and crocin and contributed to our understanding for their binding characteristics (affinities, sites, modes, forces … etc.) and structural changes upon interactions. They also proved that HSA can solubilize and transport both compounds in blood to target tissues. The results are of high importance in determining the pharmacological properties of the two phytochemical compounds and for their future developments as anticancer, antispasmodic, antidepressant or aphrodisiac therapeutic agents. Keywords: Human serum albumin. safranal, Crocin, UV–Vis, Fluorescence quenching, Circular dichroism, Molecular docking

Histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) are involved in several neuropsychiatric diseases including epilepsy. Therefore, the effects of H3R antagonist E177 (5 and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) were evaluated on the course of kindling development, kindling-induced memory deficit, oxidative stress levels (glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), various brain neurotransmitters (histamine (HA), acetylcholine (ACh), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and glutamate (GLU), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and c-Fos protein expression in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg) kindled rats. E177 (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased seizure score, increased step-through latency (STL) time in inhibitory avoidance paradigm, and decreased transfer latency time (TLT) in elevated plus maze (all P < 0.05). Moreover, E177 mitigated oxidative stress by significantly increasing GSH, CAT, and SOD, and decreasing the abnormal level of MDA (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, E177 attenuated elevated levels of hippocampal AChE, GLU, and c-Fos protein expression, whereas the decreased hippocampal levels of HA and ACh were modulated in PTZ-kindled animals (all P < 0.05). The findings suggest the potential of H3R antagonist E177 as adjuvant to antiepileptic drugs with an added advantage of preventing cognitive impairment, highlighting the H3Rs as a potential target for the therapeutic management of epilepsy with accompanied memory deficits.

Purpose: To evaluate the overall adaptation and retention of class I cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks using three different computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) technologies: Indirect wax milling with lost wax technique (LWT), direct milling, and selective laser melting (SLM) technique. Materials and Methods: An educational maxillary stone model (Kennedy class I) was scanned after preparing rest seats to create a resin model. The resin model was scanned, and the RPD framework was digitally designed and saved as a standard tessellation language (STL) file. Twenty‐four Co‐Cr RPD frameworks were then constructed and divided into three groups (n = 8) based on fabrication technique: Group A (indirect wax milling with LWT), Group B (direct milling), and Group C (selective laser melting). In Group A, the STL file was used to mill the design from castable resin blanks which were then cast by the LWT. In Group B, the STL file was used to mill the design from the Co‐Cr blank directly. Finally in Group C, the STL file was used to print the design from Co‐Cr powder using SLM 3D printed technique. Geomagic Control X software was used to measure the overall adaptation of the fabricated RPD frameworks, Retention was also tested using a universal testing machine. One‐way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the three groups then the Tukey HSD post‐hoc test was used for pair‐wise comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Regarding the overall adaptation, Group B (0.71 ± 0.02 mm) showed significantly higher adaptation than Group A (0.96 ± 0.06 mm) and Group C (1.05 ± 0.16 mm). Regarding retention, Group B (2.03 ± 0.34 N) showed significantly higher retention than Group A (1.00 ± 0.13 N) and Group C (0.78 ±0.17 N). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this in vitro study, Co‐Cr RPD frameworks fabricated by direct milling technique revealed the best adaptation and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the relationship between dietary patterns and menstrual disorders among female medical and paramedical students at Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Beni-Suef University conducted a cross-sectional analytical questionnaire-based study. Three hundred fifty two female medical and paramedical students agreed to participate in the study. The collected data about demographics, physical activity, menstrual history, and dietary assessment were transferred to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of irregular cycles, heavy blood flow, severe dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was found to be (21.9 %), (13.1 %), (35.5 %), and (68.9 %), respectively. Poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet (40.1 %) and physical activity (69.9 %) was present. Females with irregular cycles (p=0.472), heavy menstrual blood flow (p=0.007), and severe dysmenorrhea (p=0.029) reported lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Mothers' educational level (p=0.034), family income (p=0.005), and family size (p=0.009) were significantly associated with dietary adherence. Poor adherence to regular physical activity and the Mediterranean diet is highly prevalent in our research and is highly associated with menstruation disorders. So, it is critical to support health education programs emphasizing healthy dietary habits and regular physical activity to improve menstrual health and women's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic salpingostomy is a well-established treatment for patients with tubal pregnancy who desire to retain fertility. Another approach that preserves the fallopian tube is medical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic versus MTX treatment of wellselected cases of undisturbed ectopic pregnancy. Methods: patients were divided into first group; 30 cases of undisturbed tubal pregnancy treated by MXT therapy. (25cases) by single dose and (5cases) by second dose: single dose regimen (MTX 50mg/m² IM) and second dose regimen. (MTX 50mg /m²IM) on 7th day. Second group; 30 cases of undisturbed tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic salpingostomy. Tubal patency tested after 8 weeks for all cases by hysterosalpingography. Outcome measures were treatment success, tubal preservation, homolateral tubal patency, and fertility potential after each treatment protocol. Results: There was a statistically significant higher frequency of tubal patency in methotrexate group compared to laparoscopic salpingostomy group, with p-value (p=0.007). Conclusions: Methotrexate is better than laparoscopic salpingostomy in treating undisturbed tubal pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]