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Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, the detection of mammographic arterial calcifications can be an early, noninvasive instrument for predicting the possible development of coronary heart disease in women. The current work aimed to assess the significance of Breast arterial calcification (BAC) detected by digital mammogram and its relation to coronary artery calcium score and degree of coronary artery stenosis if present. Patients and methods: The study included 100 female patients submitted to digital mammography for breast cancer screening programs and showed BAC then coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography (MDCCTA) had done to determine the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Results: The age was ranged between 40 and 80 years; the mean was 56.7+9.42 years. The prevalence of positive BAC and CAD were 50% and 10%, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, and Family history of cardiovascular disease was higher in the BAC (+) than in BAC (-) group. The presence of BAC appears to strongly and proportionately correlate with CAC Score and Coronary artery stenosis as determined by coronary CTA (r =0.809, and r = 0.811, respectively). Conclusion: BAC can indicate a risk of CAD development. Besides, there was a significant correlation between BAC and some cardiac risk factors ( e.g., age, family history of CAD, and DM).

Background: Nanoparticles' precise targeting properties are becoming increasingly important in treating cancer and starting to outweigh cancer therapies. Methods: The in vivo anticancer activity of ethyl acetate iron oxide nanoparticles (NPS EAE) of Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Mosaica was tested using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC). Results: The value of the median lethal dose LD50 limit was found to be 3000 mg/kg. The value count of EAC cells was significantly decreased to 150±2.01 (106) and 275±2.01 (106) cells for each preventive and therapeutic group related to the positive group (525±4.3 (106) cell. Moreover, the results of biological markers decrease in alanine amino transferase activity (ALT), aspartate amino transferase activity (AST), creatinine (CREAT), UREA, albumin, globulin, and total protein level according to the confident group by restoring the abnormal dissimilarity in the biomedical parameters to normal values. Ethyl acetate nano particles induced apoptosis in hepatic and kidney cells. This was designated by increasing the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) level and significantly reducing antiapoptotic assay B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) level as an antiapoptotic marker. In the apoptotic marker BAX, there was a significant rise in therapeutic activity with a change of 273.87% and a significant increase in the preventive group with a change of 144.69% according to the positive group. However, in the antiapoptotic marker, Bcl-2 highly decreases in the therapeutic group and preventive group with changes -83.20% and -87.82% according to the positive group, which has a highly significant increase with a change of 5855%. Conclusion: Histopathology tests showed anticancer activity against (EAC) in both the preventive group and therapeutic group, especially in the preventive group in kidney organs showed no pathology with normal glomeruli and normal tubules, it also showed in liver foci of lobular inflammation with mild development of a portal tract accompanied by inflammation, but in the therapeutic group showed less activity than the preventive group as in the kidney many tubules displayed appearances of slight tubular injury with mild acute tubular injury and in the liver, the therapeutic group becomes a more effective representation in normal liver architecture, with no detected lobular or portal inflammation or confluent necrosis. So the preventive group was considered as protecting agent for the kidney organ. However, the therapeutic group is supposed to be the treatment agent for the liver organ. This is due to the fact that it has a defensive effect rather than a curative effect. There is a possibility that it is a favorable anticancer agent. Green synthesis of Fe3O4- NPS was successfully done using plant extract acting as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent.

Varicocele are dilated tortuous veins of the pampiniform plexus—the venous sinuses that drain the testicles. These sinuses primarily drain into the internal spermatic vein (gonadal vein). The aim of this work was the assessment of the results of endovascular treatment of primary varicocele by embolization of the internal spermatic vein and pampiniform plexus of veins, as regard to its advantages over the traditional methods, disadvantage, efficiency and recurrent rate in an attempt to choose the best method for treatment of primary varicocele with least complication and highest success rate. This prospective randomized study was conducted on 30 patients with primary varicocele by endovascular treatment of primary varicocele through embolization of the internal spermatic vein and pampiniform plexus of veins under local anesthesia. The study was conducted in the department of vascular surgery, Al- Azhar University Hospitals – Cairo (Al-Hussein and and said-Galal University Hospitals). 90% of the patients showed post procedural normal duplex and 86.7% of the patients showed improvement of semen analysis. our study confirms that the embolization method presents a low complication rate and a higher success rate. T

Background: Post-Mastectomy Pain (PPMP) and fatigue are common conditions that can follow surgeries for breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. The progressive muscle relaxation technique appears to be effective, affordable, low-risk, adaptable, and simple to use. Because of the frequency of PPMP and its potential severity, it has received increasing research attention. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation techniques on pain and fatigue among post-mastectomy women. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the inpatient and outpatient clinic of Sohag Oncology institution. Subject: A purposive sampling technique was enrolled to select a sample of 50 post-mastectomy women who were randomly assigned into two equal groups, with 25 post-mastectomy women in each group (the experimental and control groups). Tools: Three tools were used (I) demographic data of Post mastectomy women sheet, (II) a Visual Analogue Scale, and (III) a fatigue assessment scale. Results: The current study revealed that the majority of post-mastectomy women in the intervention group experienced mild pain and fatigue reduction during the post-test compared to the control group.

Background Patients with renal failure suffer from fluid overload which is a risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Therefore, fluid status assessment in patients on regular hemodialysis is very important. Dry weight assessment by clinical parameters is not always reliable. We evaluate the role of inferior vena cava ultrasound in estimating fluid overload in regular hemodialysis patients. Results A total of 45 persons, 30 end-stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis in group A (18 men and 12 women) and 15 healthy persons in group B (10 men and 5 women), were included in the study. The patients in group A ages ranged from 29 to 70 years with a mean of 48.38 ± 12.70 years and in group B ages ranged from 25 to 55 years with a mean of 34.93 ± 8.26. By clinical methods, the mean dry weight was 68.37 kg (68.37 ± 10.42). After HD mean, IVCe decreased from 2.01 ± 0.29 to 1.79 ± 0.22 cm (P < 0.001) similarly, mean IVCi decreased from 0.99 ± 0.48 to 0.64 ± 0.39 cm (P < 0.001). Changes in IVCD were significantly correlated with alterations in body weight following dialysis (P < 0.001). The IVC-CI increased significantly after dialysis (P < 0.001). IVCD and its IVC-CI reflected alterations in fluid status (P < 0.001). Considering the clinical parameters of fluid status, following HD mean, heart rate increased from 81.80 ± 5.15 beats per minute to 89.87 ± 6.42, (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure decreased from 130 ± 18.43 mmHg to 113.33 ± 15.27 (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 80.17 ± 10.12 mmHg to 71.50 ± 9.29 (P < 0.001). Conclusion It was found a significant correlation between IVCD and IVC-CI with ultrafiltration of hemodialysis. Thus, IVC ultrasound can be used in dry weight assessment in ESRD patients on regular HD by measurement of IVCD and IVC-CI before and after hemodialysis.

After millions woke up to talk about a mysterious virus that could rob human lives, many underestimated the matter, and no one imagined that the virus would turn into a nightmare chasing everyone for an unknown period. In addition to the fear of infection, quarantine and social separation contributed to the increase in the state of anxiety. Forced closures between the walls of the house for several weeks, is an unusual matter that causes many problems and mental disorders, especially in communicating with others. The corona virus not only steals people's lives, but also physical behaviors, which help to show sympathy for others and alleviate their suffering. Before the development of technology and the creation of emojis via social media, humans were mainly dependent on body language, as 55% of communication is through body language, 38% is through tone of voice, and 7% is through words. But, the coronavirus causes stripping us of the emotional closeness, which we sometimes need when feeling weak, alone, or afraid. Today, we are having difficulty seeing facial expressions and body movements, due to the wearing of medical masks and social distance.Even the advertising ideas differed during the current period, through the reliance of most companies on their vision of social responsibility, including awareness of measures to prevent from the Corona virus, social separation, and others. Advertising companies have turned to alternative solutions for photographing the advertisement in the current period to prevent accumulation during filming by the precautionary measures to confront Corona, including photographing via mobile phone or photographs of body expressions, then making montages for them and designing the advertisement. This crisis worked on taking care of different directions in the field of advertising, especially in the language of the body, and communicating the advertisement idea to the recipient in line with this period.

Introduction: The locator attachment has been widely and successfully used tosupport dentures has dual retention and is available in different heights with differentretention values; in addition, their repair and replacement are quick and straightforward. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare clinically and radio graphicallythe biological effect of two different locator heights on peri-implant bonewidth and probing depth in mandibular implant overdenture wearers. Materials andmethods: Conventional complete dentures were constructed for twelve completelyedentulous male patients, chosen from Out-clinic of faculty of dentistry Suez CanalUniversity. Two implant were inserted in the lower cusped region then the patientsdivided randomly into two groups Group A(GA): Six patients received implant retainedover denture with 1mm locator height. Group B (GB): Six patients received implantretained over denture with 3mm locator height, the follow up both clinically and radiographywere taken at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months starting from the first day of over dentureattachment pick up. Peri-implant bone width and probing depth were estimated throughthe evaluation periods. Results: It was found that the reduction in the peri-implantalveolar buccolingual width and probing depth around the implants were higher in GAthan GB at all follow up periods, except for the last follow up period. Conclusion: Thelocator height has a biological effect on bone width and probing depth as the higherlocator height the more preservation of peri-implant bone.

As cathodic protection systems are fed from 0.C. sources, a difficulty will be faced to find a suitable 0.c, source if such systems are used to protect petroleum tanks or pipe lines which lie in isolated areas far away from the existing transmission lines, Usually 3 methods could be adopted here: i) Installing a transmission link with a rectifier substation between the nearest convenient existing transmission line and the D.C. cathodic protection source. ii) Using private motor-generator sets; where the motor as a prime mover works by convenient fossil fuel. iii) Using storage battery systems, the capacity of which must be large enough to supply the required protective current during a period necessary for charging a second battery at the nearest charging station and replacing the one in use. In this case the charging battery system may he fed from rectifier substations, or private D.C. generating sots whose prime movers operate with conventional or non-conventional energy sources. This paper presents the limitations and conditions required for the conveniency of applying the non-conventional energy sources (photovoltaic) and their economical aspects in charging such batteries; together with examples of calculations clarifying the analytical steps and assumptions adopted in this study by means of which the final conclusions and results presented here were deduced. A simplified approach for the solar specific annual energy cost calculations using nomogram analysis and performance charts applied to local conditions in this respect is present od also in this paper.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is nearly a daily challenge in gynecological practice. In addition, it responsible for a respected percentage of hysterectomies. Early diagnosis is crucial, especially if noninvasive, readily available method is used. Aim of the work: To investigate the usefulness of Doppler transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosis of uterine pathology responsible for abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopausal women. Patients and Methods: The study included 156 patients [106 with AUB and 50 healthy controls]. The study was carried out during the duration between February to September 2020. For all females, full history taking, clinical and laboratory investigations were carried out. In addition, transvaginal ultrasonic uterine artery Doppler was done and its indices [Pulsatility index [PI] and resistance index [RI]] were documented. After histopathological results from endometrial biopsy, females were subdivided into two groups [A and B]: Group A included 52 patients with non-significant [dysfunctional] causes of AUB. Group B included 54 patients with significant [pathological] causes of AUB as endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Results: Both groups of AUB were comparable regarding patient age, BMI, pattern of bleeding, number of used vulval pads, and preoperative hemoglobin concentration. However, pathological ABU was associated with high parity, long duration of bleeding, increased number of bleeding days/last month, and significantly lower values of uterine artery PI and RI. Endometrial thickness was significantly increased in ABU when compared to control group. Finally, RI was sensitive than PI in diagnosis of pathological AUB. [area under the curve was 0.998 and 0.834 respectively]. PI had a sensitivity of 70.8%, specificity of 92. % at a cut-off value of 1.82; while RI had sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 100.0% at a cutoff value of 0.575.Conclusion: Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound seems to sensitive and specific modality for diagnosis of endometrial abnormalities in females with perimenopausal AUB

Introduction: The implant supported overdentures offered better chewing and masticatory functions. Locator attachment has more advantages than other attachment types. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare radio-graphically the effect of implant locator’s height on peri-implant bone height and density in mandibular over-denture. Patients and method: Twelve completely edentulous male patients had received con­ventional complete maxillary dentures and mandibular overdenture that retained by two implants that were inserted in the canine region by the help of CAD/CAM based surgical guides. The patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group I: the patients were received locator abutment with 1mm in height. Group II: the patients were received locator abutment with 3mm in height, a series of cone beam radiographs were taken at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months starting from the first day of lower over denture installation, peri-implant bone changes regarding height and density were estimated. Results: It was found that the mean marginal bone loss measurements were relatively higher for group I than group II with non-statistical significant difference. The aver­age difference in bone density measurements around the implants for both groups showing initial increase followed by marked decrease through the follow up periods. Conclusion: locator height has an effect on peri-implant bone height, bone density.

Background: Pneumonia is a common and serious infectious disease that can cause high mortality. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized in emergency and critical settings. The role of LUS in evaluation of pneumonia is becoming more and more important. Objective: The current study was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound against other modalities for evaluation and follow up of pneumonia in adult patients. Patients and Methods: One hundred and eight patients (70 males, 38 females) aged 57.33 ± 9.39 years admitted to the Chest Department with pneumonia from March to November 2019. After institute ethical committee clearance and written informed consent, each participant underwent chest X-ray (CXR), LUS and computed tomography (CT) within 6 hours from admission by 2 different radiologists being blind to the results of the other examination to minimize the bias. Follow up US was done after adequate medical treatment (7–14 days) to detect its ability for following the patients up. Results: A total of 108 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled in this study LUS showed positive findings in 101 (93.5%) patients in the form of isoechoic area in 6 (5.5%) patients, dynamic air bronchogram alone in 25 (23.1%) patients and the last one was associated with all other sonographic signs of the studied patients. During follow up period, 55 (54.5%) of cases showed total resolution, while 33 cases (32.7%) showed regressive course of their sizes. Ten cases (9.9%) showed rather stationary course, while three cases (2.9%) showed progression course. The associated pleural effusion was resolved in 36 cases (90%) out of 40. Compared to CT, LUS showed a sensitivity and specificity of 93.33% and 94.74% for pneumonia detection respectively with 95.4% PPV, 92.4% NPV, and 93.91% accuracy. Conclusion: LUS considered being a good diagnostic and following up tool when pneumonia is suspected, its results were closer to CT with minimal cost.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) rates have increased; this is especially concerning in developing countries. The mode of placental delivery contributes to morbidity associated with CS, and determines blood loss during CS. Objective: The aim of the work was to compare spontaneous placental delivery with cord traction and manual removal of placenta as regards amount of blood loss during elective cesarean section. Patients and Methods: This prospective Cohort study included a total of 48 Women prepared for elective cesarean section, attending at Zagazig University Hospitals and Zagazig General Hospital. This study was conducted between April 2019 to October 2019. The included subjects were divided into two groups (24 each) regarding methods of placental delivery. Group A; placenta was allowed to be separated spontaneously and removed by gentle cord traction. Group B; placenta was removed manually by the surgeon’s hand introduced into the uterine cavity and cleavage plane was created between the placenta and decidua basalis following which the placenta was grasped and removed. With the use of oxytocin by intravenous infusion 20 units after delivery of the baby in both groups. Results: Blood loss in spontaneous placental separation group was (881.67 ± 74.54) ml, but in manual placental separation group was (962.79 ± 116.11) ml, (p < 0.01).The preoperative hemoglobin (g/dl) in spontaneous separation group was (11.3 ± 1.07) and in manual separation group was (11.63 ± 1.11), postoperative hemoglobin in spontaneous separation group was (10.3 ± 0.83) and in manual separation group was (9.42 ± 0.74). Conclusion: Manual removal of placenta only seems to be superior in saving the time taken to extract out placenta. Manual removal of placenta adds to the post-operative complications in form of greater blood loss and infections.

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction of the vessel wall. Emphysema may induce systemic inflammation, part of which may be the development or progression of atherosclerosis. So, the relationship between emphysema and atherosclerosis, whether both are due to the same causative agent and pathogenesis or emphysema led to atherosclerosis, is still not clearly understood. So, the aim of this work is to study the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis versus pulmonary emphysema extent and airflow obstruction.ResultsCigarette smoking index was higher in patients than controls. According to FEV1%, patients were classified into: GOLD 1 (mild): FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted, GOLD 2 (moderate): 50% ≤ FEV1 < 80% predicted, GOLD 3 (severe):30% ≤ FEV1 < 50% predicted, and GOLD 4 (very severe): FEV1 < 30% predicted. There was a significant difference between the studied groups as regard to ABG parameters. Emphysema score showed a positive correlation with thrombus size, plaque size, and stenosis percent. Approximately 2/3 of patients had atherosclerotic changes and the other 1/3 had increased IMT. GOLD staging, also, correlated with thrombus size and stenosis percent. So, there was a strong positive correlation between both emphysema score and GOLD staging and carotid atherosclerosis.ConclusionThe relationship between emphysema and atherosclerosis is suggested to be the chronic inflammatory reaction (against the same risk factor) based on the positive correlation between carotid atherosclerosis versus emphysema score and GOLD staging. The inherence of emphysema and atherosclerosis may be considered a syndrome. If so, targeting the same pathogenic mechanism will be valuable for their control.

Background: In the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy approach has several objectives, including downsizing of irresectable tumor into operable disease. ILC is known to be less responsive to NAC. The reported proportions of ILC patients with a pathologic complete response (pCR) range from 1 to 3 % compared with 9 to 15 % for IDC patients Objectives: To assess surgical decision after using neoadjuvant systemic therapy for locally advanced breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) versus whom with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). To determine the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on different pathological types of locally advanced breast cancer cases. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients in the period from Jun 2018 to Jun 2019 who were diagnosed as invasive ductal and invasive lobular Carcinoma classified into two equal groups. Each group had received neoadjuvant systemic therapy, at Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, while surgical treatment, in form of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) or breast conserving surgery (BCS), was done between June 2019 and Mar 2020, at the Surgical Oncology Department in Al-Azhar university hospitals. Results: In our study, we observed a reduction in T stage after NAC in 6 cases (24%) of ILC patients compared to clinical down staging in 20 cases (80%) of IDC group. Conclusion: ILC patients were less responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with IDC patients. BCS is less frequently achieved after NAC in patients with lobular histology compared with ductal histology.

Background and objectives: Burnout results from chronic workplace stress leading to emotional exhaustion, negativity, and decreased professional efficiency. In the healthcare system, this can have consequences like increased medical errors, absenteeism, substance abuse, depression, and suicide among health professionals, adversely affecting patient care. Various individual-directed measures like the mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR), one of the most studied and widely adopted techniques, and physical activity, like aerobics or sports, have shown to be effective against burnout. With this study, we intend to increase awareness regarding this public health issue among the residents and the faculty. Our aim is to define a successful intervention that can be incorporated as a yearly requirement for the completion of residency programs. Methodology: This study will be a phase III, multicentric, open-label, placebo (waiting list) controlled trial. Our sample size will be 720 residents sampled from 6 university hospitals from across the world, randomized into 3 parallel arms (1:1:1 ratio stratified according to site and specialty). Residents, diagnosed with burnout based on baseline Maslach Burnout Inventory score (MBI) and having no prior physical or mental health issues, will be included. The first group will undergo the MBSR program for 8 weeks, the second group will undergo a supervised aerobics program for 8 weeks, and the third group will be put into a waiting list for any of the interventions. The primary outcome will be the change in MBI scores after the intervention. The secondary outcomes will be the change in MBI score 3 months after the intervention, and changes in measures like heart rate, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, cortisol levels, quality of sleep and quality of life after the intervention and 3 months later. We also plan to do a subgroup analysis to see the difference based on specialty and gender. Study impact: The residency training period is considered one of the most stressful phases in medical education. Higher rates of burnout are noted in the residents, and this can negatively impact patient care and the progression of their careers. This trial will look at multiple interventions to combat burnout recruiting residents of different specialties in different work environments across the world. We hope to remove the stigma surrounding burnout in the healthcare system. This study will show the short and long term benefits of these interventions and would help us recommend their inclusion in various residency programs.

Background Computed tomography (CT) volumetry and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are mandatory steps for the evaluation of potential donors in living donor liver transplantation. The aim of this study is to compare the preoperative CT volumetry and biliary orifices of the donor graft to the actual operative findings. Methods Between December 2013 and December 2017, 45 donors (27 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 27.3 years (range, 19-41 years) were evaluated preoperatively by CT volumetry and MRCP at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute in Cairo, Egypt. Of the donors, 43 out of 45 underwent intraoperative cholangiography before and after bile duct division. The right hepatectomies for all donors, as well as the actual weight and apparent biliary orifices in the graft, were documented. Results The mean estimated graft volume (EGV) preoperatively by CT volumetry was 894.9 ± 184.2 mL (range, 480-1687 mL), whereas the actual graft weight (AGW) intraoperatively after washout was 862.6 ± 124.4 g (range, 676-1110 g). The correlation coefficient between the EGV and AGW was significantly linear (Y = 0.96X, r2 = 0.72, slope: 0.96, P Conclusion The weight of the right lobe of the liver graft in living donor liver transplants (LDLTs) can be accurately predicted preoperatively by multiplying the EGV by 0.96. Also, the IOC is an essential technique for LDLT.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are considered to be non-traditional, multi-use crops, both in their direct form and in their indirect form, through the extraction and use of active substances in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, perfumery, cosmetics and soap, either in the form of pills, plants or medicinal and aromatic herbs. The cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt amounted to about 46.2 thousand feddans with a percentage of 0.27% of the crop area of about 15.525 million feddans in the agricultural season (2011-2018). The cultivated area of the study crops was about 20.21 thousand feddans, The company has about 48.15% of the area of medicinal and aromatic plants during the period (2011-2018), and Egypt is located in the markets of medicinal and aromatic plants worldwide, with a trade volume of more than 60 billion dollars annually, which is a major exporter of 158.94 million dollars Which is equivalent to about 1127.038 million pounds in 2014 representing about 3.07%, 0.594% of the camel The value of Egyptian agricultural exports and total exports of 36.711, 189.741 billion pounds respectively in 2014, the problem of the study is that the cultivated areas of medicinal and aromatic plants are limited and fluctuating and low in some cases, where in recent years the areas of latency and rumen decreased from about 5,545,99759 years 2010, 2017, 2016 to about 5.152, 98759 acres in 2018, and although it is profitable crops for the farmer and the new land can be a good solution to compensate for the cost of reclamation, and this reflects on the domestic production of the failure to meet the needs of export and meet the needs of the company V Local of medicinal and aromatic plants. In spite of the urgent need to increase exports, the deficit in the Egyptian trade balance is about 329.085 billion pounds in 2017. The study examined the productive and economic indicators of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt. The cultivated areas of the study crops declined. The latency decreased by 5.1% With an average area of about 3,616 feddan and an average area of about 3651 feddan, while the average area of the basil was about 10.685 thousand feddans, while the average value of cash amounted to about 29,072, 41.561 million pounds for the quail and basil respectively, The value of their exports continues to rise by 10.6%, 15.42% from the average of 3866.8 and 2553 thousand dollars respectively for the period of study, as well as the increase in quantities exported from cumin and monetary value by 11.79% from the average of 1047 tons and 16.45% The statistical estimate of the production of the most important medicinal and aromatic plant crops in the sample of the study, Cumin and Rihan, was examined to determine the economic efficiency and productivity of the agricultural resources available and used for each and their importance in Egyptian agriculture, Illustrates the high economic efficiency of the majority of the elements of production of crops, cumin, basil sample study of farmers Samalout and Beni Mazar of basil in Beni Suef governorate, low economic efficiency of the element of seeds in crop cumin, manure and municipal phosphate crop basil which requires rationalization of the use by farmers of cumin sample study. The study also included the statistical estimation of the production cost functions of the most medicinal and aromatic plants in the sample of the study. Finally, the study dealt with the quantity, value and price of Egyptian exports of basil and cumin.

Background Wrist pain is a challenge, and imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of wrist pain. Purpose Assessment of the role of ultrasonography (USG) versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and evaluation of wrist pain Results Out of 50 patients, 35 males (70%) and 15 females (30%) (age range 12–62 years; mean = 31.7 years) were included in the study. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for tendinopathy were 95%, 100%, and 97.5% and 95%, 100%, and 97.5% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for TFCC tear were 75%, 100%, and 87.5% and 0%, 50%, and 50% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for simple ganglion were 100%, 100%, and 100% and 75%, 100%, and 87.5% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for solid mass were 100%, 100%, and 100% and 100%, 100%, and 100% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for foreign body were 50%, 100%, and 75% and 100%, 100%, and 100% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI and USG for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were 77.8%, 100%, and 88.9% and 88.9%, 100%, and 94.4% respectively. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of USG Vs MRI were 79.2%, 96.1%, 95.0%, 83.3%, and 88.0% and 89.8%, 98.0%, 97.8%, 90.9%, and 94.0% respectively. Conclusion USG is near equal to MRI in the assessment of tendon abnormalities and better than MRI in the diagnosis of CTS and foreign body, but MRI is better than USG in the assessment of TFCC and in the assessment of swelling (simple ganglion) and characterization of masses.

Purpose The aim of study is to assess the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and correlation with tumour angiogenesis in evaluation of urinary bladder cancer. Material and Methods The study included 81 patients with recent presumed diagnosis of bladder tumour or who came for follow up after management of histopathologically proven bladder cancer. All had DCE-MRI with time–signal intensity curve. The radiologic results then correlated with the histopathologic results using both haematoxylin and eosin stain and immuno-histochemical staining for localization and evaluation of CD34 immunoreactivity as a detector for the microvessel density (MVD) and tumour angiogenesis. Results Seventy-one cases were pathologically proven to be malignant: 41 cases (58%) showed type III time–signal intensity curve (descending); 22 cases (31%) showed type II (plateau); and 8 cases (11%) showed type I (ascending) curve. The sensitivity of DCE-MRI in stage T1 bladder tumour was 80%; in stage T2, it was (90.9%); and in stage T3, it was (96.9%). Overall accuracy of DCE-MRI in tumour staging was 89.5% and P = .001 (significant). Values more than the cutoff value = 76.13 MVD are cystitis with sensitivity (90%), specificity (91%), and P value is .001, which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion There is a strong positive association between DCE-MRI (staging and washout slope of the time–signal intensity curve) with histopathologic grade, tumour stage, and MVD in bladder cancer. So, DCE-MRI can be used as reliable technique in preoperative predictions of tumour behavior and affect the planning of antiangiogenetic therapy.

Background: renal disease is an international problem with a high mortality and morbidity especially in the lowincome countries. Haemodialysis can help patients, but with multiple complications and challenges associated with the procedure. One of these challenges is exhausted veins in the upper limb. Aim of the work: this study aimed to compare using of great saphenous vein bridge fistula versus prosthetic vascular graft, for creating bridge between superficial femoral artery and vein, for the purpose of regular haemodialysis. Patients and Methods: 40 chronic renal failure patients were included. Patients were subjected to full history, clinical examination, investigations and Doppler/duplex scanning for both arterial and venous systems. Follow up was done immediately at the first postoperative day then at one week, 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and after one year as regards patency, functioning of the graft as well as complications. Results: early death within 30 days of surgery did not occur. Thrombosis was more frequent in PTFE AV graft loop group while all insufficient graft flow (< 200 mL/minute) cases were in SVI group. The numbers of puncture site complications were similar; however, bleeding was more frequent in PTFE group (p = 0.011). None of the patients showed clinical signs or symptoms of graft infection Conclusions: autogenous arteriovenous fistula reveals better primary patency rate than that of prosthetic arteriovenous graft with statistically significant results (p = 0.04). Autogenous arteriovenous fistula showed statistically better secondary patency rate (p = 0.001).