Author: "Mohamed A, Elmonem" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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113 results on '"Mohamed A, Elmonem"'

1. Expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of Egyptian children with maple syrup urine disease

Author: Zeinab S. Abdelkhalek, Shadia M. Hussein, Iman G. Mahmoud, Areef Ramadan, Mona A. Kamel, Marian Y. Girgis, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: Maple-syrup-urine disease, Sanger sequencing, Exome sequencing, Novel variant, Egypt, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD, OMIM# 248600) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine/isoleucine and valine in blood of affected children. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of MSUD is largely unreported in Egypt. We recruited ten patients (4 males/6 females, 2weeks-12years) from nine unrelated families with clinical and biochemical evidence of MSUD. We performed Sanger sequencing for the three most-commonly responsible genes: BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT and conducted exome sequencing for unresolved cases. Through Sanger sequencing, we detected eight homozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (four in BCKDHB, three in BCKDHA and one in DBT gene) in eight different families. The proband of family VI, who had no significant genetic findings by Sanger, had a peculiar phenotype and atypical radiological findings. His exome sequencing revealed a previously reported homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the RARS2 gene (NM_020320.5:c.1026G > A;p.(Met342Ile)) causing the mitochondrial-encephalopathy disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 6 (OMIM# 611523). Furthermore, the copy-number-variant analysis of the exome data revealed a biallelic duplication affecting exons 2–6 of the BCKDHB gene (GRCh38: Chr.6-g.80127496:80171441dup) evaluated as variant of uncertain significance but expected to cause a breakpoint and may disrupt gene function, which can explain the markedly elevated BCAA levels in the patient’s blood. In conclusion, we expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the disease and showed that aggressive intervention with specific treatment in the first few days of life resulted in normal development even in a developing country setting. Inclusion of MSUD in the national newborn screening program in Egypt is highly recommended.
Published: 2024
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2. Role of biomarkers of inflammation and MRI technique for the early detection of cystinosis-associated myopathy

Author: Rasha Helmy, Rasha Selim Mahmoud, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Sally Emadeldin, and Neveen Abd Elmonem Soliman
Subjects: Nephropathic cystinosis, Cysteamine, Myopathy, Inflammatory markers, Chitotriosidase, Galectin-3, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by cystine crystals accumulation within lysosomes resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis is the most common phenotype of the disease. Cystinosis distal myopathy was first described in 1994 with a 24% prevalence in cystinosis adult patients. Methods We prospectively evaluated the clinical, biochemical, and radiological data of 22 nephropathic cystinosis pediatric patients from 19 unrelated families (17 males and 5 females, their ages 105.7 ± 41.5 months) recruited at the cystinosis clinic at Cairo University Children’s Hospital. Biochemical assessment included several inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, ESR, chitotriosidase, and galectin-3. We further performed conventional MRI for the muscles of both upper and lower limbs for potential detection of early myopathic involvement. We compared these findings with 44 CKD children as pathological controls and 22 healthy pediatric controls. Results Clinically, no evidence of neuromuscular involvement was detected in our cystinosis pediatric cohort. Chitotriosidase was elevated significantly in cystinosis patients compared to CKD controls. Regarding MRI, morphologically, there were no significant differences between the muscles of cystinosis patients and healthy controls. Conclusion A significantly higher chitotriosidase activity in cystinosis patients seems to better represent the overall disease burden and cannot be linked to neuromuscular involvement. MRI findings in muscles of the cystinosis cohort are not striking and indicate no early changes at a younger age. Follow-up and further studies for higher age groups are required to accurately elucidate the MRI’s role in assessing cystinosis myopathy.
Published: 2024
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3. Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene variants in young Egyptian patients with alkaptonuria

Author: Zeinab S. Abdelkhalek, Iman G. Mahmoud, Heba Omair, Mohamed Abdulhay, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene. This leads to a deficient HGD enzyme with the consequent accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in different tissues causing complications in various organs, particularly in joints, heart valves and kidneys. The genetic basis of AKU in Egypt is completely unknown. We evaluated the clinical and genetic spectrum of six pediatric and adolescents AKU patients from four unrelated Egyptian families. All probands had a high level of HGA in urine by qualitative GC/MS before genetic confirmation by Sanger sequencing. Recruited AKU patients were four females and two males (median age 13 years). We identified four different pathogenic missense variants within HGD gene. Detected variants included a novel variant c.1079G > T;p.(Gly360Val) and three recurrent variants; c.1078G > C;p.(Gly360Arg), c.808G > A;p.(Gly270Arg) and c.473C > T;p.(Pro158Leu). All identified variants were properly segregating in the four families consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. In this study, we reported the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of alkaptonuria for the first time in Egypt. We further enriched the HGD-variant database with another novel pathogenic variant. The recent availability of nitisinone may promote the need for genetic confirmation at younger ages to start therapy earlier and prevent serious complications.
Published: 2023
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4. Growth hormone therapy response in children with short stature

Author: Amira Ahmed Gad, Radwa Shamma, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Nora E. Badawi, Lubna Fawaz, and Mona Mamdouh Hassan
Subjects: Short stature, Growth hormone deficiency, Idiopathic short stature, Small for gestational age, Recombinant growth hormone, Height gain, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Short stature is one of the main causes of children referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Common etiologies include idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), small for gestational age (SGA), and idiopathic short stature (ISS). Objectives The aim of this study was to assess and compare the response of children with IGHD, ISS, and SGA to growth hormone (GH) therapy. Methods This was a mixed cohort study that included 40 children with short stature (classified into IGHD, ISS, and SGA) following up at Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Cairo University Children’s Hospital. Ages ranged between 3 and 18 years. Recruited cases were evaluated for their 1-year response to GH therapy. In addition to history taking, physical examination, and anthropometric measurements, serum levels of IGF-1 were assayed at recruitment. Results Among the 3 groups, height gain (cm/year) was significantly higher in the IGHD group (6.59 cm/year), followed by the ISS (4.63 cm/year) and SGA groups (4.46 cm/year) (p = 0.039). Using the Bang criterion for first-year responsiveness to GH therapy, most cases (30/40, 75%) were considered poor responders. Conclusion There is a male predominance in children seeking medical advice for short stature. Starting GH therapy at an older age was associated with poor response. Children with IGHD respond better to GH therapy than those with ISS and SGA.
Published: 2023
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5. Frequency of Hepatitis A virus as a cause of anicteric hepatitis in children under 5 years: a common yet under-recognized cause

Author: Noha A. Yassin, Salma Z. El-Houchi, Sarah F. Abd El-Shafy, Noha S. Soliman, Mohamed A. Elmonem, and Nehal El-Koofy
Subjects: Anicteric, Hepatitis A, Developing countries, Anti-HAV IgM, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Hepatitis A is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. In children < 6 years of age, most infections are asymptomatic, and if illness does occur, it is usually anicteric. This study aimed to determine the frequency of HAV in Egyptian children under 5 years presenting with gastroenteritis-like manifestations and to associate the frequency of HAV with social, demographic, and various risk factors. Results Among 450 children aged from 6 months to 5 years of both sexes, presenting with gastroenteritis-like manifestations and anicteric hepatitis, 200/450 children had elevated transaminases (ALT, AST) and were recruited in the study. A total number of 24 (12%) out of 200 children were found to have HAV IgM antibodies. Lower maternal and paternal education, poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, crowding, contaminated water, and lack of sanitary facilities were significantly higher in HAV-positive group (p-value < 0.05). ALT and AST were significantly higher in HAV IgM-positive group (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion HAV infection is common in Egyptian children with gastroenteritis-like manifestations and anicteric hepatitis. Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable disease.
Published: 2022
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6. Clinical and molecular characterization of primary hyperoxaluria in Egypt

Author: Neveen A. Soliman, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Safaa M. Abdelrahman, Marwa M. Nabhan, Yosra A. Fahmy, Andrea Cogal, Peter C. Harris, and Dawn S. Milliner
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is an autosomal recessive disorder of oxalate metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in either of three genes (AGXT, GRHPR or HOGA1). The study aimed at characterizing the clinical phenotypes as well as the genotypic spectrum of PH in Egypt. We screened 25 Egyptian patients suspected of PH for the three responsible genes by Sanger sequencing. We diagnosed 20 patients from 18 unrelated families, in which the natural history, family history, clinical features and genotypes were evaluated. PH patients were 15 males and 5 females ranging in age from 4 months to 31 years (median 8 years). Fifteen families were consanguineous (83%) and familial clustering was reported in six families (33%). Pathogenic variants in all 40 alleles were in AGXT, with none detected in GRHPR or HOGA1. We detected two novel pathogenic variants c.166-1_172dupGATCATGG (p.Asp58Glyfs*65) and c.766delC (p.Gln256fs*16) and seven previously reported variants in our cohort. This is the first study reporting the genotype of a considerable number of PH1 patients from Egypt. Our detected variants in the AGXT gene could form the basis for future genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in Egypt and surrounding populations.
Published: 2022
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7. Early myocardial functional abnormalities in primary dyslipidemia: clinical and echocardiographic observations in young children from a highly consanguineous population

Author: Nehal M. El-koofy, Aya M. Fattouh, Areef Ramadan, Mohamed A. Elmonem, and Dina H. Hamed
Subjects: primary dyslipidemia, cardiovascular complications, pulsed-wave doppler, tissue doppler echocardiography, child, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background Dyslipidemia is a major health problem among children and adolescents worldwide due to its significant association with cardiovascular disease. Primary dyslipidemias are commonly familial syndromes that can be completely asymptomatic. Purpose Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), limited data are currently available on the direct effects of dyslipidemia on myocardial function in children. Methods We recruited 25 children with primary dyslipidemia (14 with isolated hypercholesterolemia, 4 with isolated hypertriglyceridemia, and 7 with combined dyslipidemia). Relevant clinical manifestations and laboratory and radiological investigations were evaluated. Pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography were performed for all recruited patients and the results were compared with those of 15 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Results The median age of the dyslipidemic children was 8 years (range, 1.5–16 years). A family history was documented in 13 cases (52%), while 18 (72%) had consanguineous parents. None of the dyslipidemic children had a personal history or clinical manifestations of CAD. In contrast, echocardiographic findings differed in several diastolic function parameters of both right and left ventricles in dyslipidemic children compared to controls. Based on normalized z scores, aortic valve narrowing was detected in 7 patients (28%), while narrowing of the aortic sinus (sinus of Valsalva) was detected in 15 patients (60%). Conclusion Different types of primary dyslipidemia produce functional myocardial abnormalities early in childhood. Biochemical and echocardiographic screening of high-risk children is advised to minimize the incidence of serious cardiovascular complications.
Published: 2022
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8. Optimization of osteoporosis and osteopenia management among renal transplant recipients

Author: Mohammed K. Afifi, Ahmed S. Kenawy, Heba H. El Demellawy, Amany A. Azouz, Torki Al-Otaibi, Osama Gheith, Mohamed Abd ElMonem, Mohamed S. AbdElhalim, and Raghda R. S. Hussein
Subjects: Denosumab, Ibandronate, Transplant, Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: Abstract Background Osteoporosis and osteopenia occur frequently in renal transplant recipients due to long-term use of immune-suppressants including corticosteroids. Previous treatment options like bisphosphonates had acceptable but rather unsatisfactory results after transplant. The aim of the current study is to directly compare the efficacy of denosumab and oral ibandronate in late RTR with low bone mineral density. Results The study was conducted Iin Hamed Al-Essa Kidney transplant center, Kuwait, in 2020. The data of 52 denosumab and 48 ibandronate patients were collected at the baseline and after one year of treatment. Spine and hip T-score readings, side effects, and other laboratory results were analyzed to evaluate the use of both medications. The mean number of months after transplant was 25 (± 13.9) months. After one year of treatment, denosumab alleviated both spinal osteoporosis and osteopenia T-score values from −3.13 to −2.4 (p = 0.008) and from −1.9 to −1.5 (p = 0.015), respectively. Besides, it reduced hip osteoporosis and osteopenia insignificantly from −3.45 to −3.1 and from −1.5 to −1.3, respectively (p > 0.05). Ibandronate improved spinal osteopenia from −1.6 to −1.55 (p = 0.97) and failed to show any positive impact on other sites; the spinal osteoporosis changed from −2.8 to −3 and hip osteoporosis and osteopenia changed from −3.1 to −3.12 and from −1.4 to −1.45, respectively (p > 0.05). The use of ibandronate was more associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) side effects, while hypocalcemia episodes were significantly higher in the denosumab group. Conclusion Denosumab improved both spinal and hip T-score values in comparison with ibandronate in RTR. Close monitoring is required for denosumab patients to prevent the associated hypocalcemia. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2021
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9. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: V Bhattacharjee, N, E Schumacher, A, Aali, A, Habtegiorgis Abate, Y, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Shawel Abebe, S, Abiodun, O, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Beressa Aboye, G, Guimarães Abreu, L, Aberhe Abrha, W, M Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Me Abu-Rmeileh, N, Girum Girum Adal, T, Molla Adane, M, Atanda Adeagbo Adeagbo, O, Adesoji Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Victor Adepoju, A, O Adetokunboh, O, Bunmi Adetunji, J, Adedayo Adeyinka, D, Israel Adeyomoye, O, Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Felix Afolabi, R, Afyouni, S, Sohail Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Opoku Ahinkorah, B, J Ahlstrom, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, M Ahmad, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, A Ahmed, L, Saleh Ahmed, M, Anees Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Taddesse Akalu, G, Akbarialiabad, H, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Ahmed Akkaif, M, Akkala, S, Al Hamad, H, Mahfuz Al Hasan, S, Al Qadire, M, Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, T, O Alalalmeh, S, A Alalwan, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Mustafa Al-Amer, R, Mashhour Alanezi, F, M Alanzi, T, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, T AlBataineh, M, Alemi, H, Alemi, S, Mulugeta Alemu, Y, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, A, F Alhabib, K, Alhajri, N, Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, F, Kaba Alhassan, R, Ali, A, Abdulqadir Ali, B, Ali, L, Usman Ali, M, Ali, R, Shujait Shujait Ali, S, Mohammad Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alijanzadeh, M, M Aljasir, M, Mohamed Aljunid, S, Al-Marwani, S, Uy Almazan, J, M Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, A Alomari, M, Al-Omari, B, S Alqahtani, J, Yaseen Alqutaibi, A, M Al-Raddadi, R, Khalifah Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, A Al-Tawfiq, J, A Altirkawi, K, Oyine Aluh, D, Jawad Alvi, F, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Mohammed Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Aly, S, H Alzoubi, K, Kwabena Ameyaw, E, Tawfik Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, S, Gyamfuah Ampomah, I, A Amugsi, D, Adeniyi Amusa, G, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Prata Andrade, P, Liliana Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anil, A, Anil, S, Ansar, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, M Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, S, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Edward Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, A Arafa, E, Arafat, M, Margarida Araújo, A, Y Aravkin, A, Aremu, A, Aripov, T, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Ärnlöv, J, Arooj, M, A Artamonov, A, Arulappan, J, Taiwo Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Asadi-Lari, M, Asemi, Z, Asgary, S, Asghariahmadabad, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Yesse Ashemo, M, Ashraf, M, Ashraf, T, O Asika, M, Shamsadin Athari, S, Moh'd Wahbi Atout, M, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Mulat Aweke, A, Melaku Ayele, G, Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, S Azevedo, R, Y Azzam, A, Badar, M, D Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahmanziari, N, Bai, R, Amin Baig, A, L Baker, J, T Bako, A, Kaur Bakshi, R, Balasubramanian, M, Constantin Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Chandra Banik, P, Bansal, H, Firat Baran, M, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Lyn Barker-Collo, S, Winfried Bärnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Jawdat Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, J Bashir, A, Akande Bashiru, H, Basiru, A, Diogo Basso, J, Basu, S, Mohammad Batiha, A, Batra, K, T Baune, B, Bayati, M, Begum, T, Behboudi, E, Hossein Behnoush, A, Beiranvand, M, Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, D, Bekele, A, Assefa Belay, S, Iqbal Belgaumi, U, L Bell, M, Omolaja Bello, O, Beloukas, A, M Bensenor, I, Berezvai, Z, Yirga Berhie, A, C Bermudez, A, G Bettencourt, P, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, V Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Kaur Bhatti, G, Singh Bhatti, J, S Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Kishore Biswas, R, R Bitra, V, Bjørge, T, Bliss, E, Kofi Boachie, M, Vasilica Bobirca, A, Bodolica, V, Olalekan Bodunrin, A, Ketema Bogale, E, Angaw Bogale, K, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bora Basara, B, Bouaoud, S, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, K Breitborde, N, Bryazka, D, B Bulamu, N, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Bustanji, Y, Shafique Butt, N, A Butt, Z, Luciano Caetano Dos Santos, F, Calina, D, R Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, F, Cao, S, Capodici, A, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, A Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Sofia Cattaruzza, M, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chalek, J, Shi Kai Chan, J, Charalampous, P, Kumar Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Paul Chavula, M, Chen, A, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chien, J, R Ching, P, S Cho, W, Choi, S, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Gajanan Choudhari, S, J Christopher, D, Chu, D, Sunday Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Ciuffreda, R, M Claro, R, Coberly, K, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, H Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Magali Cuadra-Hernández, S, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dahiru, T, Dai, Z, Dalton, B, Damiani, G, Mohammad Darwesh, A, K Das, J, Das, S, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Tamire Debele, A, Debopadhaya, S, Delavari, S, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demeke, D, Hundessa Demessa, B, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Dineshbhai Desai, H, Desai, R, Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, V, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, R Dhulipala, V, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, J Diaz, M, Dima, A, D Ding, D, Ashworth Dirac, M, Chi Do, T, Huynh Phuong Do, T, Bruneli do Prado, C, Dohare, S, Dong, W, D'Oria, M, Mombaque Dos Santos, W, Doshmangir, L, Kokou Dowou, R, Chelsea Dsouza, A, Larson Dsouza, H, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Duprey, J, Rodrigues Duraes, A, Duraisamy, S, Christopher Durojaiye, O, Dutta, S, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Agnieszka Dzianach, P, Marian Dziedzic, A, Ebrahimi, A, Atan Edinur, H, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, F, Andreas Eikemo, T, Ekholuenetale, M, El Tantawi, M, Mousaad Elemam, N, Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, G, Elhadi, M, Tesfaye Elilo, L, Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, O, A Elmonem, M, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emami Zeydi, A, Engelbert Bain, L, Eskandarieh, S, Esposito, F, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Francis Fagbamigbe, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Faramarzi, A, Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, M, Farmer, S, Faro, A, Omolara Fasanmi, A, Fatehizadeh, A, Klau Fauk, N, Fazeli, P, L Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Hamid Feroze, A, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, A Foigt, N, Oluwatoyin Folayan, M, Alekseevich Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, B, Foschi, M, Raphael Fowobaje, K, Louise Francis, K, Freitas, A, Fukumoto, T, E Fuller, J, Fux, B, Andras Gaal, P, A Gadanya, M, Motiramji Gaidhane, A, Galali, Y, Gallus, S, P Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Arfat Ganiyani, M, A Garcia-Gordillo, M, Garg, N, K Gautam, R, Gazzelloni, F, Olatunde Gbadamosi, S, W Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Brhane Gebremariam, T, B Gebremariam, T, Gebru Gebremeskel, T, Fikadu Geda, Y, Roxana Georgescu, S, Gerema, U, Geremew, H, Erena Getachew, M, W Gething, P, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Mohamed Ghazy, R, Ghimire, S, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani, M, Gopal Ghoshal, A, Digambarrao Ghuge, A, Urievich Gil, A, K Gill, T, Giorgi, M, Girmay, A, C Glasbey, J, Göbölös, L, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Vali Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, C Goulart, A, Goyal, A, Matthew Graham, S, Grivna, M, Guan, S, Guarducci, G, Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, M, Dechasa Gudeta, M, Guicciardi, S, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Asanga Gunawardane, D, Guo, C, Kumar Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Kumar Gupta, M, Gupta, M, Gupta, S, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Haakenstad, A, Habibzadeh, F, R Hadi, N, Haep, N, Hajibeygi, R, Haller, S, Halwani, R, R Hamadeh, R, M Hamdy, N, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Han, Q, J Handal, A, J Hankey, G, Nuruzzaman Haque, M, Maria Haro, J, I Hasaballah, A, Hasan, I, Jahid Hasan, M, M Mahmudul Hasan, S, Hasani, H, Saquib Hasnain, M, Hassan, A, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, I Hay, S, J Hebert, J, E Hegazi, O, Heidari, M, Helfer, B, Hemmati, M, Yuliana Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hessami, K, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Quoc Hoan, N, Holla, R, Horita, N, Mahbub Hossain, M, Bellal Hossain Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Chia-Rong Hsieh, V, Hu, C, Huang, J, Mamun Huda, M, Humayun, A, Hussain, J, R Hussein, N, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Emmanuel Ibitoye, S, Maria Iftikhar, P, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Raja Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, A, Rabiul Islam, M, Elkudssiah Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Abdulrahman Jairoun, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jamshidi, E, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Kumar Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Ha Jee, S, Jeganathan, J, K Jha, A, Prakash Jha, R, Jiang, H, Jokar, M, B Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Ehimwenma Joshua, C, Joukar, F, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, H, Kabir, Z, Kalani, R, R Kalankesh, L, 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Jamshidi, Sabzali Javadov, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Sun Ha Jee, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Anil K Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Heng Jiang, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Vaishali K, Billingsley Kaambwa, Abdulkareem Kabir, Ali Kabir, Hannaneh Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rizwan Kalani, Leila R Kalankesh, Feroze Kaliyadan, Sanjay Kalra, Rajesh Kamath, Sagarika Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Edmund Wedam Kanmiki, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Sushil Kumar Kansal, Rami S Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Manoochehr Karami, Ibraheem M Karaye, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Hengameh Kasraei, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Molly B Kassel, Joonas H Kauppila, Foad Kazemi, Sara Kazeminia, John H Kempen, Evie Shoshannah Kendal, Kamyab Keshtkar, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nauman Khalid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Alireza Khalilian, Faham Khamesipour, Ajmal 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Nafise Noroozi, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Mengistu H Nunemo, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Dieta Nurrika, Jerry John Nutor, Bogdan Oancea, Kehinde O Obamiro, Ismail A Odetokun, Nkechi Martina Odogwu, Martin James O'Donnell, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, James Odhiambo Oguta, In-Hwan Oh, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Patrick Godwin Okwute, Andrew T Olagunju, Omotola O Olasupo, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase, Hany A Omar, Goran Latif Omer, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Michal Ordak, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Verner N Orish, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Wael M S Osman, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Olayinka Osuolale, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Amel Ouyahia, Guoqing Ouyang, Mayowa O Owolabi, Yaz Ozten, Mahesh Padukudru P A, Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy, Feng Pan, Hai-Feng Pan, Adrian Pana, Paramjot Panda, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Georgios D Panos, Leonidas D Panos, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian, Romil R Parikh, Seoyeon Park, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Ava Pashaei, Roberto Passera, Hemal M Patel, Jay Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Dimitrios Patoulias, Venkata Suresh Patthipati, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Spencer A Pease, Amy E Peden, Paolo Pedersini, Minjin Peng, Umberto Pensato, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Prince Peprah, Gavin Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Richard G Pestell, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Hoang Tran Pham, Anil K Philip, Daniela Pierannunzio, Manon Pigeolet, David M Pigott, Evgenii Plotnikov, Dimitri Poddighe, Peter Pollner, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J Postma, Ghazaleh Pourali, Akram Pourshams, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Disha Prabhu, Sergio I Prada, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Manya Prasad, Akila Prashant, Bharathi M Purohit, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Ibrahim Qattea, Deepthi R, Mehrdad Rabiee Rad, Amir Radfar, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Pourya Raee, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki, Alireza Rafiei, Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei Alavi, Cat Raggi, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Md Jillur Rahim, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Vahid Rahmanian, Masoud Rahmati, Niloufar Rahnavard, Pramila Rai, Diego Raimondo, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Prashant Rajput, Prasanna Ram, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Juwel Rana, Kritika Rana, Shailendra Singh Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Nemanja Rancic, Amey Rane, Shubham Ranjan, Chythra R Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Deepthi Rapaka, Davide Rasella, Sina Rashedi, Vahid Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Azad Rasul, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Nakul Ravikumar, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Bharat Rawlley, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Nazila Rezaei, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Mavra A Riaz, Jennifer Rickard, Reza Rikhtegar, Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden, Célia Fortuna Rodrigues, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Ravi Rohilla, Debby Syahru Romadlon, Luca Ronfani, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Bedanta Roy, Nitai Roy, Priyanka Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Susan Fred Rumisha, Tilleye Runghien, Manjula S, Chandan S N, Aly M A Saad, Zahra Saadatian, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Morteza SaberiKamarposhti, Siamak Sabour, Fatos Sada, Basema Saddik, Bashdar Abuzed Sadee, Ehsan Sadeghi, Erfan Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Sher Zaman Safi, Dominic Sagoe, Manika Saha, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Monalisha Sahu, Zahra Saif, Joseph W Sakshaug, Payman Salamati, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Mohamed A Saleh, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Z Y Salem, Sohrab Salimi, Sara Samadzadeh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Nima Sanadgol, Francesca Sanna, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Haaris Saqib, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Aswini Saravanan, Babak Saravi, Yaser Sarikhani, Tanmay Sarkar, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarode, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Anudeep Sathyanarayan, Abu Sayeed, Md Abu Sayeed, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Winfried Schlee, Art Schuermans, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Pallav Sengupta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Dragos Serban, Edson Serván-Mori, Yashendra Sethi, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Seyed Arsalan Seyedi, Allen Seylani, Mahan Shafie, Jaffer Shah, Pritik A Shah, Ataollah Shahbandi, Samiah Shahid, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Ahmed Shaikh, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Anas Shamsi, Mohd Shanawaz, Abhishek Shankar, Mohammed Shannawaz, Medha Sharath, Sadaf Sharfaei, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Ujjawal 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Subramaniyan, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Abida Sultana, Jing Sun, Chandan Kumar Swain, Bryan L Sykes, Lukasz Szarpak, Mindy D Szeto, Miklós Szócska, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Shima Tabatabai, Karen M Tabb, Mohammad Tabish, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jabeen Taiba, Ardeshir Tajbakhsh, Iman M Talaat, Ashis Talukder, Mircea Tampa, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Haosu Tang, Derbie Alemu DA Tareke, Mengistie Kassahun Tariku, Vivian Y Tat, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Mojtaba Teimoori, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Dufera Rikitu Terefa, Riki Tesler, Enoch Teye-Kwadjo, Ramna Thakur, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Samar Tharwat, Rasiah Thayakaran, Nihal Thomas, Ales Tichopad, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Jasmine T Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Indang Trihandini, Samuel Joseph Tromans, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Arit Udoh, Atta Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Sana Ullah, Srikanth Umakanthan, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Brigid Unim, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Marco Vacante, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Elena Varavikova, Orsolya Varga, Priya Vart, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Balachandar Vellingiri, Deneshkumar Venugopal, Nicholas Alexander Verghese, Madhur Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Dominique Vervoort, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Manish Vinayak, Francesco S Violante, Mukesh Vishwakarma, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Simona Ruxandra Volovat, Theo Vos, Isidora S Vujcic, Hatem A Wafa, Yasir Waheed, Elias Bekele Wakwoya, Cong Wang, Denny Wang, Fang Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Paul Ward, Emebet Gashaw Wassie, Stefanie Watson, Marcia R Weaver, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Daniel J Weiss, Katherine M Wells, Yi Feng Wen, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Peter Willeit, Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene, Felicia Wu, Juan Xia, Hong Xiao, Gelin Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Ali Yadollahpour, Shirin Yaghoobpoor, Tina Yaghoobpour, Sajad Yaghoubi, Zwanden Sule Yahaya, Danting Yang, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Habib Yaribeygi, Pengpeng Ye, Renjulal Yesodharan, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Amanuel Yigezu, Paul Yip, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Chun-Wei Yuan, Nima Zafari, Fathiah Zakham, Nazar Zaki, Giulia Zamagni, Milad Zandi, Ghazal G Z Zandieh, Moein Zangiabadian, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Haijun Zhang, Meixin Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Juexiao Zhou, Bin Zhu, Lei Zhu, Magdalena Zielińska, Zhiyong Zou, Samer H Zyoud, Christopher J L Murray, Amanda E Smith, and Stein Emil Vollset
Abstract: Background: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios. Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10-54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in
Published: 2024

10. Management strategy and novel ophthalmological findings in neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia: a case report and literature review

Author: Nehal M. El-koofy, Yasmeen A. Abdo, Dina El-Fayoumi, Amanne F. Esmael, Mohamed. A. Elmonem, and Zahraa Ezzeldin
Subjects: Neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia, Chylomicronemia, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, LPL gene, Breastfeeding, Optical coherence tomography, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Abstract Background Neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia is rarely reported in the literature and there is no consensus for hypertriglyceridemia management at this age group. Methods The index case is a 4-week-old male infant with severe hypertriglyceridemia accidentally discovered during a circumcision surgery. His clinical and genetic characteristics and his successful management strategy are described. Furthermore, a detailed ophthalmological examination of the proband was conducted at 3 and 6 months of age using Fourier-domain-optical coherence tomography. Results Triglycerides level at presentation was extremely high 33,727 mg/dL (380.8 mmol/L). Two sessions of exchange blood transfusion on two consecutive days successfully reduced triglycerides to 382 mg/dL (4.3 mmol/L) with no adverse effects. The infant was discharged 3 days later. At discharge, the mother was advised to continue breastfeeding together with a medium-chain triglycerides formula. Satisfactory growth parameters and lipid profile values were obtained for a follow-up duration of 5 months with no reported attacks of acute pancreatitis. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency was confirmed by the detection of the LPL homozygous pathogenic variant c.805G > A; p.(Glu269Lys). Early corneal and macular lesions were detected and persisted on follow-up despite relatively good lipemic control. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of the early discovery of severe hypertriglyceridemia during the neonatal period, which is needed for prompt management and prevention of severe complications. Rationalized breastfeeding can be tolerated within the diet plan of the disease with satisfactory outcomes. To our knowledge, it is the first study reporting early corneal and macular affection by severe hypertriglyceridemia in a neonate. Prolonged follow-up is needed to determine the extent of ophthalmological lesions.
Published: 2021
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11. The impact of omeprazole on mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant recipients

Author: Mohamed S. AbdElhalim, Ahmed S. Kenawy, Heba H. El Demellawy, Amany A. Azouz, Sarah S. Alghanem, Torki Al-Otaibi, Osama Gheith, Mohamed Abd ElMonem, Mohammed K. Afifi, and Raghda R. S. Hussein
Subjects: area under curve, enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium, kidney transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, omeprazole, Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Background : The absorption rates of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) may be influenced by the concomitant use of omeprazole. Methods : One hundred kidney transplant patients were recruited during their outpatient visits, including 50 on MMF and 50 on EC-MPS. At the clinic, a predose mycophenolic acid (MPA) sample (C0) was collected; subsequently, the participants received the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole along with either MMF or EC-MPS. Two more blood samples were collected at 1.5 and 3.5 hours and used to estimate an area under the curve (AUC) from zero to 12 hours [AUC (0-12)]. Results : The mean number of months after transplant was 92 months. The median AUC (0-12) and C0 results were 62.2 mg·h/L and 2.0 mg/L for the MMF group and 71.9 mg·h/L and 1.8 mg/L for the EC-MPS group (P = 0.160 and 0.225, respectively). Interestingly, 54% of the MMF group and 62% of the EC-MPS group showed AUCs above the target values. The correlation between MPA C0 and the predicted AUC was poor in both groups. Conclusion : Omeprazole can be safely co-administered with either MMF or EC-MPS, as it did not compromise the MPA exposure. Unexpectedly, however, a high percentage of patients presented MPA AUCs exceeding the target value, highlighting the importance of periodically assessing MPA level.
Published: 2020
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12. Microwave-assisted efficient one-pot synthesis of N2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines

Author: Moustafa Sherief Moustafa, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Saleh Mohammed Al-Mousawi, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Hesham El-Zorba, Afaf Mohamed Abdel Hameed, Tahany Mahmoud Mohamed, and Kamal Usef Sadek
Subjects: microwave irradiation, n2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines, one-pot synthesis, x-ray crystallography, Science, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract: An efficient one-pot synthesis of N2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine derivatives was developed by reacting 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and cyanamide in pyridine under controlled microwave heating with high yields. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of the obtained products.
Published: 2020
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13. Editorial: Newborn Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Is It Time for a Globalized Perspective Based on Genetic Screening?

Author: Mohamed A. Elmonem and Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
Subjects: newborn screening (NBS), inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), next generation sequencing - NGS, tandem mass spectrometry, pathogenic variants, dried blood spots, Genetics, QH426-470
Published: 2021
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14. APOL1 Risk Genotypes Are Associated With Early Kidney Damage in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Pepe M. Ekulu, Agathe B. Nkoy, Dieumerci K. Betukumesu, Michel N. Aloni, Jean Robert R. Makulo, Ernest K. Sumaili, Eric M. Mafuta, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Fanny O. Arcolino, Faustin N. Kitetele, François B. Lepira, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, and Elena N. Levtchenko
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Introduction: Apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) risk variants G1 and G2 increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including HIV-related CKD, among African Americans. However, such data from populations living in Africa, especially children, remain limited. Our research aimed to determine the prevalence of APOL1 risk variants and to assess the association between these variants and early-stage CKD in the general pediatric population and HIV-infected children. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 412 children from the general population and 401 HIV-infected children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). APOL1 high-risk genotype (HRG) was defined by the presence of 2 risk variants (G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2), and low-risk genotype (LRG) by the presence of 0 or 1 risk variants. The main outcome was elevated albuminuria, defined as a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Results: APOL1 sequence analysis revealed that in the general population, 29 of 412 participants (7.0%) carried HRG, 84 of 412 (20.4%) carried the G1/G0 genotype, and 61 of 412 (14.8%) carried the G2/G0 genotype. In HIV-infected children, 23 of 401 (5.7%) carried HRG, and the same trend as in the general population was observed in regard to the prevalence of LRG. Univariate analysis showed that in the general population, 5 of 29 participants (17.2%) carrying HRG had elevated albuminuria, compared with 35 of 383 (9.0%) with LRG (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–6.0; P = 0.13). In HIV-infected children, participants who carried APOL1 HRG had almost 22-fold increased odds of albuminuria compared to those with LRG. Conclusion: The APOL1 risk variants are prevalent in children living in DRC. HRG carriers have increased odds of early kidney disease, and infection with HIV dramatically increases this probability. Keywords: Africa, APOL1, general population, HIV, kidney damage
Published: 2019
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15. Comparative Evaluation of Reversed Stationary Phase Geometries and Greener Systems on HPLC and UHPLC Using Five Recent Hepatitis-C Antivirals

Author: Adel Ehab Ibrahim, Hadeel Mohamed Abd Elmonem, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and Sami El Deeb
Subjects: Pharmacology, Environmental Chemistry, Agronomy and Crop Science, Food Science, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: Background Being the most widely used LC mode, reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC accounts for the highest percentage of HPLC separations. The main aim of the green analytical chromatographer is to enhance the efficiency of separations in short analysis times, using the ecologically safest materials and lowest energy consumption. Objective Being the heart of any chromatography where the actual separations take place, LC columns have diverse varieties which include different stationary phase geometries as well as different particles sizes. The rationale for column choice is quite complicated. Totally porous, core-shell particles, and monolithic rods are stationary phase types manufactured in RP-mode. The main objective of this research study is to aid in the selection of HPLC or ultra-high performance lquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrumentation. Methods In this research article, three different column packing phases were evaluated and compared by both HPLC and UHPLC techniques. The purpose was to explore the best rational choice of column packing as well as LC instrumentation, when using greener chromatographic conditions. Results The study showed core-shell particles were superior in both HPLC and UHPLC techniques. Conclusion Core-shell particles enabled the utilization of greener mobile phase compositions. Monolithic columns showed better tolerance of greener mobile phase flow rates, without considerable loss of performance. Highlights The use of greener organic solvents was assessed on different stationary phase geometries. The separation efficiency for five recent antiviral drugs was evaluated, in order to give better understanding of the way for column choice according to the underlying experimental conditions. UHPLC and HPLC were compared comprehensively for applicability and cost-effectiveness.
Published: 2023
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16. Value of Mean Platelet Volume in Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Author: Ahmed Salah Abdelhalim Metwally, Mohamed Ahmed Arafa, Hadeel Mohamed Abd Elmonem, and Amr I. Risha
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023
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17. Nephropathic Cystinosis: Pathogenic Roles of Inflammation and Potential for New Therapies

Author: Mohamed A. Elmonem, Koenraad R. P. Veys, and Giusi Prencipe
Subjects: macrophages, inflammasome, proximal tubular cells, endocytosis, autophagy, apoptosis, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: The activation of several inflammatory pathways has recently been documented in patients and different cellular and animal models of nephropathic cystinosis. Upregulated inflammatory signals interact with many pathogenic aspects of the disease, such as enhanced oxidative stress, abnormal autophagy, inflammatory cell recruitment, enhanced cell death, and tissue fibrosis. Cysteamine, the only approved specific therapy for cystinosis, ameliorates many but not all pathogenic aspects of the disease. In the current review, we summarize the inflammatory mechanisms involved in cystinosis and their potential impact on the disease pathogenesis and progression. We further elaborate on the crosstalk between inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, and discuss the potential of experimental drugs for suppressing the inflammatory signals in cystinosis.
Published: 2022
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18. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019

Author: Kevin S Ikuta, Lucien R Swetschinski, Gisela Robles Aguilar, Fablina Sharara, Tomislav Mestrovic, Authia P Gray, Nicole Davis Weaver, Eve E Wool, Chieh Han, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, Amirali Aali, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Getachew Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Amir Parsa Abhari, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Abdorrahim Absalan, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Juan Manuel Acuna, Tigist Demssew Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Zahra Babaei Aghdam, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Mamoon A Aldeyab, Alicia V Aleman, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Kasim Allel, Sami Almustanyir, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Arianna Maever L Amit, Nivedita Anandavelane, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Dewi Anggraini, Adnan Ansar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Timur Aripov, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Sameh Attia, Marcel Ausloos, Tewachew Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Sina Azadnajafabad, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Darshan B B, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Indrajit Banerjee, Aleksandra Barac, Mainak Bardhan, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Saurav Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Neeraj Bedi, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Rose G Bender, Bharti Bhandari, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Saeid Bitaraf, Danilo Buonsenso, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Jiao Cai, Daniela Calina, Paulo Camargos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Rosario Cárdenas, Muge Cevik, Joshua Chadwick, Jaykaran Charan, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Patrick R Ching, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw, Xiaochen Dai, Saswati Das, Anna Dastiridou, Sisay Abebe Debela, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Solomon Demissie, Diriba Dereje, Msganaw Derese, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Samuel Abebe A Dessalegni, Belay Desye, Kartik Dhaduk, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Nancy Diao, Daniel Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Bezabih Terefe Dora, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Eleonora Dubljanin, Susanna J Dunachie, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Hisham Atan Edinur, Habtamu Bekele Ejigu, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Hassan El-Abid, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Amir Emami, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Babak Eshrati, Farshid Etaee, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Shahab Falahi, Aida Fallahzadeh, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Ginenus Fekadu, João C Fernandes, Allegra Ferrari, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Masoud Foroutan, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Balasankar Ganesan, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Reza Ghanbari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Abdolmajid Gholizadeh, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Amador Goodridge, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Alemu Guta, Parham Habibzadeh, Atlas Haddadi Avval, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Md. Abdul Hannan, Harapan Harapan, Shoaib Hassan, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Behzad Heibati, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Praveen Hoogar, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Chidozie C D Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Tahereh Javaheri, Fatemeh Javanmardi, Javad Javidnia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Jayarajah, Rime Jebai, Ravi Prakash Jha, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Vidya Kadashetti, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Samad Karkhah, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Patrick DMC Katoto, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Abbas Khan, Imteyaz A Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Mona M Khater, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Hanna Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Niranjan Kissoon, Sonali Kochhar, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Fiorella Krapp Lopez, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Naveen Kumar, Om P Kurmi, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Judit Lám, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Sang-woong Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Stephen S Lim, Wei Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Michael J Loftus, Ayush Lohiya, László Lorenzovici, Mojgan Lotfi, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Jamal Majidpoor, Alaa Makki, Galana Ayana Mamo, Yosef Manla, Miquel Martorell, Clara N Matei, Barney McManigal, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ravi Mehrotra, Addisu Melese, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Ritesh G Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Georgia Micha, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Neda Milevska Kostova, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Abay Sisay Misganaw, Awoke Misganaw, Sanjeev Misra, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Catrin E Moore, Maryam Moradi, Mostafa Moradi Sarabi, Shane Douglas Morrison, Majid Motaghinejad, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas, Sumaira Mubarik, Francesk Mulita, Getaneh Baye B Mulu, Sandra B Munro, Saravanan Muthupandian, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Himanshi Narang, Zuhair S Natto, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Shumaila Naz, Ionut Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Che Henry Ngwa, Robina Khan Niazi, Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá, Nafise Noroozi, Hasti Nouraei, Ali Nowroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Jerry John Nutor, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Rahman Md Obaidur, Vivek Anand Ojha, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Nikita Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Tamás Palicz, Adrian Pana, Shahina Pardhan, Jose L Paredes, Utsav Parekh, Eun-Cheol Park, Seoyeon Park, Ashish Pathak, Rajan Paudel, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Minjin Peng, Umberto Pensato, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Marcos Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Norberto Perico, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Indrashis Podder, Nayanum Pokhrel, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J Postma, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Akila Prashant, Ibrahim Qattea, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Saber Raeghi, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Leila Rahbarnia, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Pradhum Ram, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha, Sowmya J Rao, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Azad Rasul, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Melese Abate Reta, Nazila Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Abanoub Riad, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Kristina E Rudd, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Mohsen Safaei, Azam Safary, Sher Zaman Safi, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Saina Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M Samy, Nima Sanadgol, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Francesco Sanmarchi, Brijesh Sathian, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Allen Seylani, Pritik A Shah, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Athena Sharifi-Razavi, Purva Sharma, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Ali Sheikhy, Pavanchand H Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, K M Shivakumar, Parnian Shobeiri, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Mustafa Kamal Sikder, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Samarjeet Singh Siwal, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Damtew Damtew Solomon, Yimeng Song, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Saima Sultana, Miklós Szócska, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Mohammad Tabish, Majid Taheri, Elahe Taki, Ker-Kan Tan, Sarmila Tandukar, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Samar Tharwat, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Imad I Tleyjeh, Christopher E Troeger, Krishna Kishore Umapathi, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Jef Van den Eynde, H. Rogier van Doorn, Siavash Vaziri, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Harimadhav Viswanathan, Bay Vo, Abdul Waris, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sajad Yaghoubi, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mazyar Zahir, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Peng Zheng, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zoladl, Alimuddin Zumla, Simon I Hay, Christiane Dolecek, Benn Sartorius, Christopher J L Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Ikuta, Kevin S, Swetschinski, Lucien R, Robles Aguilar, Gisela, Sharara, Fablina, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Gray, Authia P, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Wool, Eve E, Han, Chieh, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Semagn Mekonnen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abebe, Getachew, Abedi, Aidin, Abhari, Amir Parsa, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Jivan Qasim, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fare, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Aldeyab, Mamoon A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allel, Kasim, Almustanyir, Sami, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Anandavelane, Nivedita, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anggraini, Dewi, Ansar, Adnan, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aripov, Timur, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Asaduzzaman, Muhammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atlaw, Daniel, Attia, Sameh, Ausloos, Marcel, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, B, Darshan B, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagherieh, Sara, Baig, Atif Amin, Banerjee, Indrajit, Barac, Aleksandra, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Bedi, Neeraj, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bender, Rose G, Bhandari, Bharti, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bitaraf, Saeid, Buonsenso, Danilo, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Jiao, Calina, Daniela, Camargos, Paulo, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cevik, Muge, Chadwick, Joshua, Charan, Jaykaran, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Ching, Patrick R, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dai, Xiaochen, Das, Saswati, Dastiridou, Anna, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Solomon, Dereje, Diriba, Derese, Msganaw, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A, Desye, Belay, Dhaduk, Kartik, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhingra, Sameer, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dora, Bezabih Terefe, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ejigu, Habtamu Bekele, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyru, El-Abid, Hassan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Emami, Amir, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshrati, Babak, Etaee, Farshid, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Falahi, Shahab, Fallahzadeh, Aida, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenu, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Allegra, Fetensa, Getahun, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Ghanbari, Reza, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Goodridge, Amador, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Da, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atla, Halwani, Rabih, Hanif, Asif, Hannan, Md. Abdul, Harapan, Harapan, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hoogar, Praveen, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Immurana, Mustapha, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iradukunda, Arnaud, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, J, Linda Merin, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamshidi, Elham, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javanmardi, Fatemeh, Javidnia, Javad, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jebai, Rime, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kandel, Himal, Kapoor, Neeti, Karkhah, Samad, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abba, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Mona M, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kompani, Farzad, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krapp Lopez, Fiorella, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Naveen, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Landires, Iván, Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Sang-woong, Lenzi, Jacopo, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Wei, Lodha, Rakesh, Loftus, Michael J, Lohiya, Ayush, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Majeed, Azeem, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Mamo, Galana Ayana, Manla, Yosef, Martorell, Miquel, Matei, Clara N, McManigal, Barney, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehrotra, Ravi, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza-Cano, Oliver, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Micha, Georgia, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Milevska Kostova, Neda, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirghafourvand, Mojgan, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moore, Catrin E, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Motaghinejad, Majid, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mousavi-Aghdas, Seyed Ali, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Mulu, Getaneh Baye B, Munro, Sandra B, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abba, Narang, Himanshi, Natto, Zuhair S, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Naz, Shumaila, Negoi, Ionut, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Ngwa, Che Henry, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nutor, Jerry John, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Ojha, Vivek Anand, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Otstavnov, Nikita, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palicz, Tamá, Pana, Adrian, Pardhan, Shahina, Paredes, Jose L, Parekh, Utsav, Park, Eun-Cheol, Park, Seoyeon, Pathak, Ashish, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Marco, Peres, Mario F P, Perico, Norberto, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Podder, Indrashi, Pokhrel, Nayanum, Poluru, Ramesh, Postma, Maarten J, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Qattea, Ibrahim, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Raeghi, Saber, Rafiei, Sima, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahbarnia, Leila, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid, Ram, Pradhum, Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasul, Azad, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Regasa, Misganu Teshoma, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezapour, Aziz, Riad, Abanoub, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Rudd, Kristina E, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghian, Saeid, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Salahi, Saina, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salari, Hedayat, Salehi, Sana, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanadgol, Nima, Sankararaman, Senthilkumar, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seylani, Allen, Shah, Pritik A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku, Sharifi-Razavi, Athena, Sharma, Purva, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sheikhy, Ali, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sikder, Mustafa Kamal, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigue, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Solomon, Damtew Damtew, Song, Yimeng, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Szócska, Mikló, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taki, Elahe, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tefera, Belay Negash, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tharwat, Samar, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Tleyjeh, Imad I, Troeger, Christopher E, Umapathi, Krishna Kishore, Upadhyay, Era, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Van den Eynde, Jef, van Doorn, H. Rogier, Vaziri, Siavash, Verras, Georgios-Ioanni, Viswanathan, Harimadhav, Vo, Bay, Waris, Abdul, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahya, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhong, Chenwen, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zumla, Alimuddin, Hay, Simon I, Dolecek, Christiane, Sartorius, Benn, Murray, Christopher J L, and Naghavi, Mohsen
Subjects: Male, Bacteria, Syndrome, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Risk Factors, Sepsis, Humans, Female, Mortality, Child, Africa South of the Sahara
Abstract: Background: Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods: We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings: From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9–17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7–10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2–18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1–60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were responsible for 54·9% (52·9–56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185–285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4–71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation: The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
Published: 2022

19. Benefits and Toxicity of Disulfiram in Preclinical Models of Nephropathic Cystinosis

Author: Anna Taranta, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Francesco Bellomo, Ester De Leo, Sara Boenzi, Manoe J. Janssen, Amer Jamalpoor, Sara Cairoli, Anna Pastore, Cristiano De Stefanis, Manuela Colucci, Laura R. Rega, Isabella Giovannoni, Paola Francalanci, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, Carlo Dionisi-Vici, Bianca M. Goffredo, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Elena Levtchenko, and Francesco Emma
Subjects: cystinosis, disulfiram, mice, zebrafish, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare disease caused by mutations of the CTNS gene that encodes for cystinosin, a lysosomal cystine/H+ symporter. The disease is characterized by early-onset chronic kidney failure and progressive development of extra-renal complications related to cystine accumulation in all tissues. At the cellular level, several alterations have been demonstrated, including enhanced apoptosis, altered autophagy, defective intracellular trafficking, and cell oxidation, among others. Current therapy with cysteamine only partially reverts some of these changes, highlighting the need to develop additional treatments. Among compounds that were identified in a previous drug-repositioning study, disulfiram (DSF) was selected for in vivo studies. The cystine depleting and anti-apoptotic properties of DSF were confirmed by secondary in vitro assays and after treating Ctns-/- mice with 200 mg/kg/day of DSF for 3 months. However, at this dosage, growth impairment was observed. Long-term treatment with a lower dose (100 mg/kg/day) did not inhibit growth, but failed to reduce cystine accumulation, caused premature death, and did not prevent the development of renal lesions. In addition, DSF also caused adverse effects in cystinotic zebrafish larvae. DSF toxicity was significantly more pronounced in Ctns-/- mice and zebrafish compared to wild-type animals, suggesting higher cell toxicity of DSF in cystinotic cells.
Published: 2021
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20. Novel Human Podocyte Cell Model Carrying G2/G2 APOL1 High-Risk Genotype

Author: Pepe M. Ekulu, Oyindamola C. Adebayo, Jean-Paul Decuypere, Linda Bellucci, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Agathe B. Nkoy, Djalila Mekahli, Benedetta Bussolati, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, Fanny O. Arcolino, and Elena N. Levtchenko
Subjects: Apolipoprotein L1, podocyte, kidney dysfunction, kidney disease cellular model, urine-derived cells, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk genotypes (HRG), G1 and G2, increase the risk of various non-diabetic kidney diseases in the African population. To date, the precise mechanisms by which APOL1 risk variants induce injury on podocytes and other kidney cells remain unclear. Trying to unravel these mechanisms, most studies have used animal or cell models created by gene editing. We developed and characterised conditionally immortalised human podocyte cell lines derived from urine of a donor carrying APOL1 HRG G2/G2. Following induction of APOL1 expression by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), we assessed functional features of APOL1-induced podocyte dysfunction. As control, APOL1 wild type (G0/G0) podocyte cell line previously generated from a Caucasian donor was used. Upon exposure to poly(I:C), G2/G2 and G0/G0 podocytes upregulated APOL1 expression resulting in podocytes detachment, decreased cells viability and increased apoptosis rate in a genotype-independent manner. Nevertheless, G2/G2 podocyte cell lines exhibited altered features, including upregulation of CD2AP, alteration of cytoskeleton, reduction of autophagic flux and increased permeability in an in vitro model under continuous perfusion. The human APOL1 G2/G2 podocyte cell model is a useful tool for unravelling the mechanisms of APOL1-induced podocyte injury and the cellular functions of APOL1.
Published: 2021
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21. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases

Author: Tjessa Bondue, Fanny O. Arcolino, Koenraad R. P. Veys, Oyindamola C. Adebayo, Elena Levtchenko, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells, PTECs, urine-derived cells, glomerular diseases, Fanconi syndrome, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications.
Published: 2021
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22. Three siblings with variable degrees of neuromuscular involvement and congenital sideroblastic anemia: A peculiar phenotype and a surprise genotypic explanation

Author: Mai Abd El Salam, Khaled Salama, Yasmeen M. M. Selim, Mariam Saad, Rasha Rady, Salem Alawbathani, Sabine Schroeder, Mohamed A. Elmonem, and Nour Elkhateeb
Subjects: Genetics, Genetics (clinical)
Published: 2023
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23. Recent developments in the synthesis of hybrid heterocycles, a promising approach to develop multi-target antibacterial agents

Author: Kamal Usef Sadek, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Fatma A. Abo-Elsoud, Alaa M. Hayallah, Sara M. Mostafa, Magda H. Abdellattif, Mohammed A.S. Abourehab, Thoraya A. Farghaly, and Ahmed Elkamhawy
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Published: 2023
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24. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in zebrafish models of nephrotic syndrome.

Author: Benedicte Eneman, Mohamed A Elmonem, Lambertus P van den Heuvel, Laleh Khodaparast, Ladan Khodaparast, Chris van Geet, Kathleen Freson, and Elena Levtchenko
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an inhibitor of megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. Recently, PACAP deficiency was observed in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS), associated with increased platelet count and aggregability and increased risk of thrombosis. To further study PACAP deficiency in NS, we used transgenic Tg(cd41:EGFP) zebrafish with GFP-labeled thrombocytes. We generated two models for congenital NS, a morpholino injected model targeting nphs1 (nephrin), which is mutated in the Finnish-type congenital NS. The second model was induced by exposure to the nephrotoxic compound adriamycin. Nephrin RNA expression was quantified and zebrafish embryos were live-screened for proteinuria and pericardial edema as evidence of renal impairment. Protein levels of PACAP and its binding-protein ceruloplasmin were measured and GFP-labeled thrombocytes were quantified. We also evaluated the effects of PACAP morpholino injection and the rescue effects of PACAP-38 peptide in both congenital NS models. Nephrin downregulation and pericardial edema were observed in both nephrin morpholino injected and adriamycin exposed congenital NS models. However, PACAP deficiency was demonstrated only in the adriamycin exposed condition. Ceruloplasmin levels and the number of GFP-labeled thrombocytes remained unchanged in both models. PACAP morpholino injections worsened survival rates and the edema phenotype in both congenital NS models while injection with human PACAP-38 could only rescue the adriamycin exposed model. We hereby report, for the first time, PACAP deficiency in a NS zebrafish model as a consequence of adriamycin exposure. However, distinct from the human congenital NS, both zebrafish models retained normal levels of ceruloplasmin and thrombocytes. We further extend the renoprotective effects of the PACAP-38 peptide against adriamycin toxicity in zebrafish.
Published: 2017
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25. Clinical and biochemical spectrum of metabolic cardiomyopathy in Egyptian children

Author: Zeinab Salah Seliem, Dina Ahmed Mehaney, Laila Abd elmoteleb Selim, Sonia Ali El-Saiedi, Reem Ibrahim Ismail, Nihal Magdi Almenabawy, Rasha Ibrahim Ammar, Inas AbdElsattar Saad, Mohammed Mosad Soliman, and Mohamed A Elmonem
Subjects: Cardiomyopathy, inborn errors of metabolism, pediatric, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Egypt, General Medicine, Cardiomyopathies, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) commonly present with pediatric cardiomyopathy. Identification of the underlying cause is necessary as it may lead to improved outcomes. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic rate, the clinical, and biochemical spectra of IEMs among Egyptian pediatric patients presenting with cardiomyopathy, and their outcome measures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, biochemical, and radiological data of 1512 children diagnosed with cardiomyopathy at Cairo University Children’s Hospital over a 5-year duration. Results: Two hundred twenty-nine children were clinically suspected as IEMs and underwent metabolic workup. Nineteen different IEMs were confirmed in 57 (24.4%) of the suspected children. Their median age at presentation was 2.6 years and the majority had extra-cardiac manifestations. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy represented 43/57 (75.4%) of confirmed cases, while dilated cardiomyopathy represented 13/57 (22.8%), and one patient presented with a mixed phenotype. Twenty- six patients (45.6%) survived, while 31 patients (54%) either died or were lost to follow up and assumed deceased. Conclusions: We developed for the first time a database and a diagnostic scheme for metabolic cardiomyopathies in Egyptian children. With the recent introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, many metabolic disorders became treatable, thus establishing an early and accurate diagnosis is extremely important. Keywords: Cardiomyopathy; inborn errors of metabolism; pediatric.
Published: 2022

26. 5 Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines

Author: Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Mohamed Abou Elsebaa, Maiiada Hassan Nazmy, and Kamal Usef Sadek
Published: 2022
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27. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna 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Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, 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Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Franklin, Richard Charle, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Galvano, Fabio, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gemechu, Tadele Regasa, Getacher, Lemma, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Getie, Asmare, Ghaderi, Amir, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghandour, Lilian A, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghozy, Sherief, Glozah, Franklin N, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hall, Brian J, Halwani, Rabih, Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene, Hankey, Graeme J, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep 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Hussen, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kivimäki, Mika, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kumar, Nithin, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lobo, Stany W, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Makki, Alaa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manjunatha, Narayana, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Villa, Francisco A, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mcgrath, John J, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensink, Gert B M, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Atte, Merga, Bedasa Taye, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mobarakabadi, Maryam, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Yousef, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mullany, Erin C, Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J L, Mwita, Julius C, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Morae, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Patton, George C, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Peden, Amy E, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phillips, Michael R, Pinheiro, Marina, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prashant, Akila, Quan, Jianchao, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roth, Gregory A, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Farhad, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shahin, Sarvenaz, 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Kenny, Tiruneh, Chalachew, Todorovic, Jovana, Torrado, Marco, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Vakilian, Alireza, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Varmaghani, Mehdi, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vos, Theo, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Cong, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wubetu, Abate Dargie, Xu, Suowen, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yimaw, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zmaili, Mohammad, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, Mb, Griswold, Mg, Abate, Kh, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, Ma, Kangevari, Za, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, Am, Abhilash, E, Abu 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Nk, Feigin, Vl, Feldman, R, Feng, Xq, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, Lf, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, Jm, Franklin, Rc, Gaal, Pa, Gad, Mm, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, Mgd, Gebremeskel, Tg, Gebremichael, Ma, Gemechu, Tr, Getacher, L, Getachew, Me, Obsa, Ag, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, Sh, Ghandour, La, Nour, Mg, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, Fn, Glushkova, Ev, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, Tw, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, Vb, Gupta, Vk, Nejad, Nh, Mirzaian, Ah, Hall, Bj, Halwani, R, Handiso, Tb, Hankey, Gj, Hariri, S, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Moghaddam, Hh, Hay, Si, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, Dz, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, Mm, Holla, R, Hossain, Mm, Hossain, S, Hosseini, Sk, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, Gq, Huang, Jj, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, Se, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Immurana, M, Irham, Lm, Islam, Mm, Islam, Rm, Islam, Sm, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, Sk, Jayarajah, Uu, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, Sa, Jema, At, Jha, Rp, Jindal, Ha, Jonas, Jb, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, Rh, Kamble, Bd, Kandel, H, Kanno, Gg, Kapoor, N, Karaye, Im, Karimi, Se, Kassa, Bg, Kaur, Rj, Kayode, Ga, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, Ia, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, Rw, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, Ak, Kolahi, Aa, Korshunov, Va, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, N, Ben, Lacey, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, Sw, Lee, Wc, Lee, Yh, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Lobo, Sw, Lopukhov, Pd, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, Ra, Makki, A, Malekpour, Mr, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Raga, Jm, Villa, Fam, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, Pk, Mayeli, M, Mcgrath, Jj, Meena, Jk, Nasab, Em, Menezes, Rg, Mensink, Gbm, Mentis, Afa, Meretoja, A, Merga, Bt, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, Jm, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, Acmgn, Miller, Tr, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, Am, Mohammed, Ta, Moka, N, Mokdad, Ah, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, Ec, Mulugeta, Bt, Zamora, Em, Murray, Cjl, Mwita, Jc, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, Md, Nangia, V, Nayak, Bp, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Nejadghaderi, Sa, Nepal, S, Neupane, Spp, Kandel, Sn, Nigatu, Yt, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, Km, Nzoputam, Ci, Obamiro, Ko, Ogbo, Fa, Oguntade, A, Aliabad, Ho, Olakunde, Bo, Oliveira, Gmm, Bali, Ao, Omer, E, Altamirano, Dvo, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Mahesh, Pa, Monedero, Ap, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, Sp, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Kan, Fp, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, Gc, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, Ae, Petcu, Ir, Phillips, Mr, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, Pm, Prashant, A, Quan, Jc, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, Pr, Movaghar, Vr, Rahman, A, Rahman, Mm, Rahman, M, Rahmani, Am, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, Cl, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, Cr, Rasali, Dp, Rashidi, Mm, Ratan, Za, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, Amn, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, Sm, Rodriguez, Er, Roth, Ga, Rwegerera, Gm, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, Ma, Rahman, Ksu, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, Am, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, Mm, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, Gk, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, Dc, Seidu, Aa, Seyedalinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, F, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, Ma, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, Mz, Beyranvand, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, Ra, Shetty, A, Shetty, Jk, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, Km, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, Nb, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silva, Da, da Silva, Nt, Singh, Ja, Singh, S, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Sleet, Da, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Ym, Sorensen, Rjd, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, In, Stein, Dj, Subba, Sh, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, Rt, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, Kk, Tareke, M, Tarkang, Ee, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, Wa, Temsah, Mh, Thankappan, Kr, Thapar, R, Thomas, Nk, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, Mrt, Tran, Mtn, Llimos, St, Tripathy, Jp, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, Sb, Vasankari, Tj, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, Mt, Wang, C, Wang, Yz, Wang, Yp, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, Nd, Wubetu, Ad, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, Gee, Yigit, A, Yimaw, Ae, Yon, Dk, Yonemoto, N, Yu, Ch, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Zj, Zhong, Cw, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, Ymh, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, Am, Ciobanu, LG, Gakidou, Emma, and GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

28. Assessment of respiratory involvement in children with mucoplysaccharidosis using pulmonary function tests

Author: Mona M. El Falaki, Marian Y. Girgis, Aliaa A. Ali, Mohamed A. Elmonem, and Heba M. Ismail
Subjects: Mucopolysaccharidosis, Pulmonary function tests, Impulse oscillometry, Whole body plethysmography, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are classified into seven clinical types based on eleven known lysosomal enzyme deficiencies of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism. Respiratory involvement seen in most MPS types includes recurrent respiratory infections, upper and lower airway obstruction, tracheomalacia, restrictive lung disease, and sleep disturbances. Aim of the study: To delineate the pattern of respiratory compromise and pulmonary function abnormalities in MPS patients. Methods: This is a cross section observational study conducted on 30 patients recruited from the Neurometabolic Clinic, Children’s Hospital, Cairo University over a period of 18 months. All patients were screened first by the quantitative determination of GAGs in urine, and diagnosis was confirmed by unidimensional electrophoresis for GAGs in urine and/or specific enzymatic assay in blood leucocytes. Infant pulmonary functions (IPFT) were done in twenty-two patients (
Published: 2014
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29. Microwave-assisted efficient one-pot synthesis of N2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines

Author: Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Hesham El-zorba, Afaf M. Abdel Hameed, Kamal Usef Sadek, Moustafa Sherief Moustafa, Saleh Mohammed Al-Mousawi, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, and Tahany Mahmoud Mohamed
Subjects: n2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines, One-pot synthesis, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Microwave assisted, Full Research Paper, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Organic chemistry, 1,3,5-Triazine, Pyridine, Polymer chemistry, one-pot synthesis, lcsh:Science, microwave irradiation, x-ray crystallography, 010405 organic chemistry, Aryl, Organic Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, chemistry, Microwave heating, X-ray crystallography, lcsh:Q, Cyanamide
Abstract: An efficient one-pot synthesis of N2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine derivatives was developed by reacting 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and cyanamide in pyridine under controlled microwave heating with high yields. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of the obtained products.
Published: 2020
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30. Recent Advances in the Utility of Glycerol as a Benign and Biodegradable Medium in Heterocyclic Synthesis

Author: Kamal Usef Sadek, Fatma A. Abo Elsoud, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, and Alaa M. Hayallah
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Glycerol, Organic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: Glycerol is a non-toxic, recyclable and biodegradable organic waste produced as a byproduct in the production of biodiesel fuel. Currently, glycerol is considered a green solvent and catalyst for a large variety of applications. This work discusses the significance of glycerol for heterocyclic synthesis. All the reported studies consider glycerol as an efficient and sustainable benign medium.
Published: 2020
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31. Improving The Properties Of The Egyptian Ras Cheese With Adding Some Probiotic Lactobacillus spp

Author: Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Adel Tammam, Wahid El-Desoki, Abdel-Naser Zohri, and Asmaa Moneeb
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2022
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32. Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B Duncan, Caroline Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Krishna K Agrawaal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wuraola Akande-Sholabi, Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Ziyad Al-Aly, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adnan Ansar, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Benny Antony, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Damian Arizmendi, Benedetta Armocida, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Samaneh Asgari, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L Baker, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Palash Chandra Banik, Anthony Barnett, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Neeraj Bedi, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, David Beran, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Setognal Birara, Virginia Bodolica, Aime Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, 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I., Collaborators, GBD 2019 Diabetes Mortality, and Lacey, BWH
Subjects: Adult, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, CHILDHOOD, universal health coverage, Global Health, 3121 Internal medicine, Global Burden of Disease, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, RA0421, Internal Medicine, Humans, Diabetes mortality, diabetes, mortality, global burden of disease, under 25 years, COHORT, health care services, COMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, Diabetes, Mortality trends, Age-specific diabetes, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, BRAZIL, Type I Diabetes, INSULIN, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, the Socio-demographic Index, Treatment, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, 1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, diabete, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, ACCESS, RA, RC
Abstract: Background:Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods:We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings:In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation:Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022
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33. Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines

Author: Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Mohamed Abou Elsebaa, Maiiada Hassan Nazmy, and Kamal Usef Sadek
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, General Materials Science, General Chemistry
Abstract: Both cinnolines and phthalazines are heterocyclic compounds which have a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological profiles. This work represents the recent advances in the green synthesis of cinnolines and phthalazines as 1,2 and 2,3-diazanaphalenes were cited. The docking studies and mode of action for key scaffolds were also reported.
Published: 2022
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34. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Zeleke Gebru Argaw, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Tahira Ashraf, Daniel Atlaw, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ghasem Azarian, Sayna Bagheri, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Nastaran Barati, Amadou Barrow, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S Bhagat, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Hunduma Amensisa Bojia, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Raja Chandra Chakinala, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Shu Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Benjamin C Cowie, Garland T Culbreth, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi 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R., Matthews, P. C., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Meretoja, T. J., Mersha, A. G., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T. R., Minh, L. H. N., Mirica, A., Mirmoeeni, S., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misra, S., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Mohamadkhani, A., Mohammadi, M., Mohammed, S., Moka, N., Mokdad, A. H., Moludi, J., Momtazmanesh, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradzadeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mostafavi, E., Mubarik, S., Muniyandi, M., Murray, C. J. L., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Narasimha Swamy, S., Natto, Z. S., Nayak, B. P., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Negru, S. M., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Neupane Kandel, S., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ngwa, C. H., Niazi, R. K., Nnaji, C. A., Noubiap, J. J., Nowroozi, A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Oancea, B., Ochir, C., Odukoya, O. O., Oh, I. -H., Olagunju, A. T., Olakunde, B. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Oumer, B., Padubidri, J. R., Pana, A., Pandey, A., Park, E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Patel, U. K., Paudel, U., Petcu, I. -R., Piracha, Z. Z., Pollok, R. C. G., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rafiei, A., Rafiei, S., Raghuram, P. M., Rahman, M., Rahmani, A. M., Rahmawaty, S., Rajesh, A., Ranasinghe, P., Rao, C. R., Rao, S. J., Rashidi, M., Rashidi, M. -M., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Rezazadeh-Khadem, S., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Saeb, M. R., Saeed, U., Sahebkar, A., Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M., Salahi, S., Salimzadeh, H., Sampath, C., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Sanmarchi, F., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Seidu, A. -A., Sepanlou, S. G., Seylani, A., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shaker, E., Shakhmardanov, M. Z., Shannawaz, M., Shenoy, S. M., Shetty, J. K., Shetty, P. H., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Shobeiri, P., Sibhat, M. M., Singh, A. D., Singh, J. A., Singh, S., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Sohrabpour, A. A., Song, S., Tabaeian, S. P., Tadesse, E. G., Taheri, M., Tampa, M., Tan, K. -K., Tavakoli, A., Tbakhi, A., Tefera, B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tesfaw, H. M., Thapar, R., Thavamani, A., Tohidast, S. A., Tollosa, D. N., Tosti, M. E., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, M. T. N., Trihandini, I., Tusa, B. S., Ullah, I., Vacante, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Varthya, S. B., Vo, B., Waheed, Y., Weldesenbet, A. B., Woldemariam, M., Xu, S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yaseri, M., Yeshaw, Y., Yigit, V., Yirdaw, B. W., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yunusa, I., Zahir, M., Zaki, L., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Vos, T., Ward, J. W., and Dirac, M. A.
Subjects: Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Humans, Bayes Theorem, HBV, Global burden of diseases, HCC, Cirrhosis, Child, Hepatitis B, Global Burden of Disease
Abstract: Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [–5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [–5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. Interpretation: The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022

35. Genetic Renal Diseases: The Emerging Role of Zebrafish Models

Author: Mohamed A. Elmonem, Sante Princiero Berlingerio, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, Peter A. de Witte, Martin Lowe, and Elena N. Levtchenko
Subjects: pronephros, zebrafish, genetic renal diseases, CRISPR, morpholino, pathophysiology, new therapies, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: The structural and functional similarity of the larval zebrafish pronephros to the human nephron, together with the recent development of easier and more precise techniques to manipulate the zebrafish genome have motivated many researchers to model human renal diseases in the zebrafish. Over the last few years, great advances have been made, not only in the modeling techniques of genetic diseases in the zebrafish, but also in how to validate and exploit these models, crossing the bridge towards more informative explanations of disease pathophysiology and better designed therapeutic interventions in a cost-effective in vivo system. Here, we review the significant progress in these areas giving special attention to the renal phenotype evaluation techniques. We further discuss the future applications of such models, particularly their role in revealing new genetic diseases of the kidney and their potential use in personalized medicine.
Published: 2018
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36. Optimization of osteoporosis and osteopenia management among renal transplant recipients

Author: Mohamed Abd ElMonem, Mohamed S. AbdElhalim, Ahmed S. Kenawy, Mohammed K. Afifi, Raghda R S Hussein, Heba H. El Demellawy, Osama Gheith, Torki Al-Otaibi, and Amany A. Azouz
Subjects: Bone mineral, medicine.medical_specialty, Osteopenia, business.industry, Osteoporosis, Urology, Treatment options, RM1-950, Transplant, Laboratory results, medicine.disease, Kidney transplant, RS1-441, Pharmacy and materia medica, Denosumab, Renal transplant, Ibandronate, medicine, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Osteoporosis and osteopenia occur frequently in renal transplant recipients due to long-term use of immune-suppressants including corticosteroids. Previous treatment options like bisphosphonates had acceptable but rather unsatisfactory results after transplant. The aim of the current study is to directly compare the efficacy of denosumab and oral ibandronate in late RTR with low bone mineral density. Results The study was conducted Iin Hamed Al-Essa Kidney transplant center, Kuwait, in 2020. The data of 52 denosumab and 48 ibandronate patients were collected at the baseline and after one year of treatment. Spine and hip T-score readings, side effects, and other laboratory results were analyzed to evaluate the use of both medications. The mean number of months after transplant was 25 (± 13.9) months. After one year of treatment, denosumab alleviated both spinal osteoporosis and osteopenia T-score values from −3.13 to −2.4 (p = 0.008) and from −1.9 to −1.5 (p = 0.015), respectively. Besides, it reduced hip osteoporosis and osteopenia insignificantly from −3.45 to −3.1 and from −1.5 to −1.3, respectively (p > 0.05). Ibandronate improved spinal osteopenia from −1.6 to −1.55 (p = 0.97) and failed to show any positive impact on other sites; the spinal osteoporosis changed from −2.8 to −3 and hip osteoporosis and osteopenia changed from −3.1 to −3.12 and from −1.4 to −1.45, respectively (p > 0.05). The use of ibandronate was more associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) side effects, while hypocalcemia episodes were significantly higher in the denosumab group. Conclusion Denosumab improved both spinal and hip T-score values in comparison with ibandronate in RTR. Close monitoring is required for denosumab patients to prevent the associated hypocalcemia. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2021
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37. New s-Triazine/Tetrazole conjugates as potent antifungal and antibacterial agents: Design, molecular docking and mechanistic study

Author: Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, Ramadan Yahia, Mohamed Hisham, Alaa M. Hayallah, Sara M. Mostafa, Fatma A. Abo-Elsoud, and Kamal Usef Sadek
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Published: 2022
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38. Author response for 'A novel POU1F1 pathogenic variant: Two familial case reports with phenotype expansion'

Author: Laila Selim, Noha Musa, Arndt Rolfs, Nour Elkhateeb, Mona Hassan, Mona Hafez, Christian Beetz, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: Genetics, Familial case, Biology, Phenotype
Published: 2021
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39. Clinical and neurophysiological characterization of early neuromuscular involvement in children and adolescents with nephropathic cystinosis

Author: Rasha Helmy, Ihab Ibrahim Abouelwoun, Neveen A. Soliman, Rasha Selim, Fatma Mohammad Atia, Nour Elkhateeb, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: Nephrology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Sensory axonal neuropathy, Adolescent, Cysteamine, Cystinosis, Asymptomatic, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Muscular Diseases, Nephropathic Cystinosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myopathy, Child, business.industry, medicine.disease, Fanconi Syndrome, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Sensory nerve
Abstract: Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by kidney and extra-renal complications due to the accumulation of cystine crystals in various tissues and organs. Herein, we describe the early neuromuscular complications in a cohort of pediatric nephropathic cystinosis patients. We prospectively evaluated the clinical, biochemical, and neurophysiological data of 15 cystinosis patients. Neurophysiological evaluation was performed to confirm or exclude presence of neuropathy and/or myopathy. Patients’ age ranged between 20 and 216 months at time of examination. Nine patients were males. Three patients had early abnormal neurophysiological features consistent with neuromuscular involvement (clinically asymptomatic proximal myopathy with a patchy distribution in one patient and isolated asymptomatic sensory nerve conduction changes in two patients). A fourth patient had mixed abnormal motor and sensory axonal neuropathic changes associated with overt clinical features (predominantly motor symptoms). Patients with abnormal neuromuscular features were significantly older in age than the unaffected group (P = 0.005) and had a diagnosis of cystinosis with subsequent cysteamine therapy at a significantly older age than the unaffected group (P = 0.027 and 0.001, respectively). We expanded the recognized phenotypes of cystinosis neuromuscular complications with early proximal skeletal myopathy and symptomatic motor and sensory axonal neuropathy. Early asymptomatic neuromuscular complications could develop in pediatric patients and would require neurophysiological studies for early detection prior to development of overt clinical manifestations. Prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of cysteamine therapy with recommended dose can delay the development of neuromuscular complications. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Published: 2021

40. Comparative Study between Intralesional Injection of Vitamin D3 and Candida Albicans Antigen in Treatment of Plantar Warts

Author: Mohamed Abd-Elmonem Abd-Elaal, Karim Atwa Ahmed, and Hassan Mamdouh Abd-Elaziz
Subjects: Vitamin, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Group A, Group B, chemistry.chemical_compound, Candida albicans Antigen, Plantar warts, chemistry, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Outpatient clinic, business, Complete response
Abstract: Background: Numerous therapeutic modalities have been used either singly or in combination to treat recalcitrant warts. However, a single treatment that is entirely effective in all patients is not yet explored. This might be attributed to the absence of specific antiviral medications against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Objective: The aim of this work was to compare efficacy of intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of plantar warts in comparison to candida albicans antigen. Patients and methods: This study included a total of 40 patients suffering from plantar warts, attending at Dermatology and Andrology Outpatient Clinic, Dermatology Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals. The included subjects were randomly divided into two groups; Group A (Candida antigen group) consisted of 20 patients, subjected to intralesional injection of candida albicans antigen and Group B: (Vitamin D3 group) consisted of 20 patients, subjected to intralesional injection of Vitamin D3. Results: Results revealed that there were no statistically significant correlations between age, sex of patients, duration of treated warts and clinical response in both treatment groups. However, a statistically significant correlation existed between the number of treated warts and response in Vitamin D group. Complete response occurred in patients with low number of warts. At the end, our results showed that there was no statistically significant correlation in complete response between candida antigen and vitaminD3. Both treatments show comparable efficacy and safety in treatment of plantar warts. Conclusion: Treatment of multiple warts by intralesional injection of candida antigen or vitamin D3 is safe and effective, with good cure rates, excellent safety profile and minimal recurrences.
Published: 2019
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41. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Cinnoline Derivatives

Author: Kamal Usef Sadek, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, and Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Computational chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Cinnoline, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: Crinnolines can serve as unique and versatile class of heterocycles especially in fields related to synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry owing to their potent biological activities. They possess diversity of pharmaceutical activities as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic as well as anti-hypertensive activities. Since the first synthesis of cinnoline by Richter (1883) numerous protocols for their synthesis have been developed utilizing arenediazonium salts, aryl hydrazines and arylhydhydrazones precursors. Recently metal catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation reactions have emerged as efficient tools for synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. This review aims to focus on the recent synthetic routes used for the synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. An effort has been carried out to provide an overview of practical methods for preparing cinnolines. Furthermore the reaction mechanisms have been described in brief.
Published: 2019
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42. Zn(L-proline)2: An efficient and reusable organocatalyst for the synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted pyrans and 2-amino-4-aryl-8-oxo-4,8-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives

Author: Mohamed Abo Elsebaa, Kamal Usef Sadek, Fatma A. Abo Elsoud, and Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Aryl, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Lewis acid catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Pyran, Ethyl acetoacetate, Atom economy, Organic chemistry, Kojic acid, Malononitrile
Abstract: Efficient synthesis of non-annulated 2-amino-4H-pyrans and 2-amino-8-oxo-4,8-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives, which are biologically relevant heterocycles is achieved, utilizing a domino three-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate or kojic acid with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile catalyzed by Zn(L-proline)2 as reusable organometallic catalyst. The process exhibits high atom economy, short reaction time, simple work up, high yields and environmentally friendly nature. Excellent yields of the targeted molecules have been obtained.
Published: 2019
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43. Alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin as predictor of neonatal jaundice

Author: Ahmed Ragab Fakhr El-Din, Shahenda Nasr Eldin, Emad Farah Kholeef, and Hannan Mohamed Abd Elmonem
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Bilirubin, Obstetrics, Birth weight, Haptoglobin, Gravidity and parity, Gestational age, Jaundice, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, 030225 pediatrics, Cord blood, medicine, biology.protein, Kernicterus, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background: The term kernicterus refers to the clinical features of bilirubin encephalopathy. Its risk is increased in term babies with very high bilirubin levels. Kernicterus is also known to occur at lower levels of bilirubin in term babies who have risk factors and in preterm babies. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum alkaline phosphatse & haptoglobin (Hp) level could be used for the early diagnosis and prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Methodology: The study is a prospective clinical study design, which was carried out in Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University Hospital. The study included 100 newborns with gestational age more than 35wk delivered in obstetric department. Results: Our study showed no statistically significant difference between jaundiced and non- jaundiced cases regarding the mode of delivery, maternal gravidity and parity. As regards previous sibiling affected, we found a significant relation between clinically appearing jaundice and previous sibling affected with neonatal hyperbillirubinemia, which may reflect genetic susceptibility for hyperbillirubinemia. No significant relationship between gestational age and clinically appearing jaundice. When assessing the relationship between clinically appearing jaundice and birth weight, our results revealed no significant relationship. Conclusion: The cord blood alkaline phosphatase level is not only a useful predictor for severe neonatal jaundice but also can predict the early onset of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and expected methods of treatment in healthy newborns more than 35 weeks gestational age.
Published: 2019
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44. Controlled microwave-assisted reactions: A facile synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted phthalazines as dual EGFR and PI3K inhibitors in CNS SNB-75 cell line

Author: Maiiada Hassan Nazmy, Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer, Mai E. Shoman, Mohamed Abo-Elsebaa, Mohamed Abd-Elmonem, and Kamal Usef Sadek
Subjects: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, Organic Chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Biochemistry, ErbB Receptors, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Discovery, Humans, Phthalazines, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Microwaves, Molecular Biology, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Cell Proliferation, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
Abstract: Brain tumors are stubborn cancers with poor prognosis and disappointing survival rates. Targeted cancer therapeutics with higher efficacy and lower resistance are highly demanded. An efficient one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized phthalazines derivatives was developed by reacting ethyl 1-aryl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazine-carboxylates with cinnamonitrile derivatives and the cycloaddition reaction of thieno[3,4-d]pyridazines with activated double or triple bond systems under controlled microwave heating with high yields. The resultant synthesized phthalazines (5a-e, 9 and 13) were tested for their in vitro anti-cancer activities by using in vitro one dose assay at National Cancer institute, USA. Only phthalazine (5b) showed broad spectrum anti-tumor activity against most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels with mean % GI = 22.61. Interestingly, all tested compounds showed varying growth inhibitory activity against a particular cell line, CNS SNB-75 cell line, but (5b) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory activity against CNS-SNB-75 cell line with (GI% = 108.81) and (IC
Published: 2021

45. Early myocardial functional abnormalities in primary dyslipidemia: clinical and echocardiographic observations in young children from a highly consanguineous population

Author: Nehal M. El-koofy, Aya M. Fattouh, Areef Ramadan, Mohamed A. Elmonem, and Dina H. Hamed
Subjects: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pediatrics
Abstract: Background: Dyslipidemia is a major health problem among children and adolescents worldwide due to its significant association with cardiovascular disease. Primary dyslipidemias are commonly familial syndromes that can be completely asymptomatic.Purpose: Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), limited data are currently available on the direct effects of dyslipidemia on myocardial function in children.Methods: We recruited 25 children with primary dyslipidemia (14 with isolated hypercholesterolemia, 4 with isolated hypertriglyceridemia, and 7 with combined dyslipidemia). Relevant clinical manifestations and laboratory and radiological investigations were evaluated. Pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography were performed for all recruited patients and the results were compared with those of 15 age- and sex-matched healthy children.Results: The median age of the dyslipidemic children was 8 years (range, 1.5–16 years). A family history was documented in 13 cases (52%), while 18 (72%) had consanguineous parents. None of the dyslipidemic children had a personal history or clinical manifestations of CAD. In contrast, echocardiographic findings differed in several diastolic function parameters of both right and left ventricles in dyslipidemic children compared to controls. Based on normalized z scores, aortic valve narrowing was detected in 7 patients (28%), while narrowing of the aortic sinus (sinus of Valsalva) was detected in 15 patients (60%).Conclusion: Different types of primary dyslipidemia produce functional myocardial abnormalities early in childhood. Biochemical and echocardiographic screening of high-risk children is advised to minimize the incidence of serious cardiovascular complications.
Published: 2021

46. Management strategy and novel ophthalmological findings in neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia: a case report and literature review

Author: Amanne F. Esmael, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Dina El-Fayoumi, Nehal El-Koofy, Yasmeen A. Abdo, and Zahraa Mohamed Ezz-Eldin
Subjects: Male, Proband, Chylomicronemia, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, RC620-627, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Breastfeeding, Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Retina, 03 medical and health sciences, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, LPL gene, Case report, medicine, Humans, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Adverse effect, Index case, Triglycerides, Optical coherence tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, Biochemistry (medical), Hypertriglyceridemia, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Acute pancreatitis, business, Lipid profile, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract: Background Neonatal severe hypertriglyceridemia is rarely reported in the literature and there is no consensus for hypertriglyceridemia management at this age group. Methods The index case is a 4-week-old male infant with severe hypertriglyceridemia accidentally discovered during a circumcision surgery. His clinical and genetic characteristics and his successful management strategy are described. Furthermore, a detailed ophthalmological examination of the proband was conducted at 3 and 6 months of age using Fourier-domain-optical coherence tomography. Results Triglycerides level at presentation was extremely high 33,727 mg/dL (380.8 mmol/L). Two sessions of exchange blood transfusion on two consecutive days successfully reduced triglycerides to 382 mg/dL (4.3 mmol/L) with no adverse effects. The infant was discharged 3 days later. At discharge, the mother was advised to continue breastfeeding together with a medium-chain triglycerides formula. Satisfactory growth parameters and lipid profile values were obtained for a follow-up duration of 5 months with no reported attacks of acute pancreatitis. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency was confirmed by the detection of the LPL homozygous pathogenic variant c.805G > A; p.(Glu269Lys). Early corneal and macular lesions were detected and persisted on follow-up despite relatively good lipemic control. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of the early discovery of severe hypertriglyceridemia during the neonatal period, which is needed for prompt management and prevention of severe complications. Rationalized breastfeeding can be tolerated within the diet plan of the disease with satisfactory outcomes. To our knowledge, it is the first study reporting early corneal and macular affection by severe hypertriglyceridemia in a neonate. Prolonged follow-up is needed to determine the extent of ophthalmological lesions.
Published: 2021
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47. Validity of the Vesikari Score for the Assessment of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis in Correlation with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Influences

Author: Nehal M, El Koofy, Nabil A, Mohsen, Mohamed A, Elmonem, Rehab H, Zawam, and Sara, Tarek
Subjects: Rotavirus, Feces, Socioeconomic Factors, Humans, Infant, Child, Rotavirus Infections, Gastroenteritis
Published: 2021

48. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases

Author: Lambertus P. van den Heuvel, Fanny Oliveira Arcolino, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Tjessa Bondue, Koenraad Veys, Elena Levtchenko, and Oyindamola C Adebayo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cell type, QH301-705.5, proximal tubular epithelial cells, Urinary system, Cell, 030232 urology & nephrology, Review, Urine, Biology, Models, Biological, kidney disease cellular models, Podocyte, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, PTECs, medicine, Humans, Biology (General), urine-derived cells, glomerular diseases, Kidney, Podocytes, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Fanconi syndrome, General Medicine, medicine.disease, inherited renal disorders, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Cell culture, Cancer research, Kidney Diseases, renal tubular acidosis, Kidney disease
Abstract: Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications. ispartof: Cells vol:10 issue:6 pages:1413-1413 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: Published online
Published: 2021

49. A novel <scp> POU1F1 </scp> pathogenic variant: Two familial case reports with phenotype expansion

Author: Christian Beetz, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Nour Elkhateeb, Mona Hafez, Laila Selim, Mona Hassan, Arndt Rolfs, and Noha Musa
Subjects: Genetics, Siblings, Electrophoretogram, Homozygote, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Brain, Biology, Endocrine System Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phenotype, Hypoglycemia, Pedigree, Consanguinity, Familial case, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Genetic Loci, Mutation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Transcription Factor Pit-1, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), Sequence (medicine)
Abstract: Up: A schematic-diagram of POU1F1-gene. Down right: an electrophoretogram of the detected novel pathogenic-variant in comparison with wild-type POU1F1 exon-6 sequence. Down left: Family pedigree of the two-siblings reported.
Published: 2021
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50. Author response for '<scp> ASAH1 </scp> ‐related disorders: Description of 15 novel pediatric patients and expansion of the clinical phenotype'

Author: Mahmoud Y. Issa, Arndt Rolfs, Alexander Solyom, Iman G. Mahmoud, Lobna Mansour, Iman Khalifa, Aya El-Gamal, Mohamed Abdelhamid, Nihal M Al-Menabawy, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sawsan Abdel-Hady, Laila Selim, Areef Ramadan, Maha S. Zaki, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: business.industry, ASAH1, Medicine, Clinical phenotype, Bioinformatics, business
Published: 2020
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