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1. REM (1997) Predicts Recognition. Tested With 2AFC, and 4AWC

Author

Mohamed, Zainab, Meyer-Grant, Constantin G., and Shiffrin, Richard

Subjects
Psychology, Memory, Computational Modeling
Abstract

We use a novel paradigm to test models of long-term recognition memory: After studying lists, tests are made with two items, both OLD, both NEW, or one of each. Some tests used Two-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) in which Ss were asked to choose the item more likely OLD (Experiment 2 asked Ss to choose the item more likely NEW); other tests used four-way classification (4WC) in which Ss were asked to classify the two items as 1) both old, 2) both new, 3) left old, right new, or 4) left new, right old. Each S studied lists containing 12 words, 24 words, 12 pictures, 24 pictures, or lists of 12 words randomly mixed with 12 pictures (so tests were both words, both pictures or one each). All the choice probabilities were predicted well by the Retrieving Effectively from Memory model (REM) of Shiffrin and Steyvers (1997) using mostly the three 1997 parameter values and the REM decision threshold of odds of 1.0. Signal-detection modeling (unequal variance Gaussian strength distributions) predicted the choice probabilities with different parameters for different conditions. Initial analysis and modeling of Response times suggested that REM may be well suited to predict differing accuracy and response time results for judgments of OLD and NEW.

Published
2024

3. Dynamic Modeling of Visual Search

Author

Mohamed, Zainab, Cousineau, Denis, Harding, Samuel, and Shiffrin, Richard

Subjects
Psychology, Perception, Computational Modeling, Mathematical modeling
Abstract

In 1998/1999 three participants trained for up to 74 hour long sessions to find a target in visual displays of 1, 2, or 4 objects. There were four targets and four foils that never changed. Displays occurred simultaneously, or the objects occurred successively, or the features of each object occurred successively. When successive, the SOAs were short (17, 33, or 50 ms) so the displays appeared simultaneous, making it likely that the search strategy was the same in all conditions. A 2004 publication examined only the simultaneous condition and found evidence for serial search as well as some small amount of automatic attention to targets, and occasional early or late search termination. A 2021 publication examined only the displays with single objects, obtaining evidence for dynamic perception of features. Building on these results we present a simple dynamic model that explains the main processes operating in all the experimental conditions.

Published
2023

6. Thermodynamics of the S2-to-S3 State Transition of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II

Author

Amin, Muhamed, Kaur, Divya, Yang, Ke R., Wang, Jimin, Mohamed, Zainab, Brudvig, Gary W., Gunner, M. R., and Batista, Victor

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The room temperature pump-probe X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) measurements used for serial femtosecond crystallography provide remarkable information about the structures of the catalytic (S-state) intermediates of the oxygen-evolution reaction of photosystem II. However, mixed populations of these intermediates and moderate resolution limit the interpretation of the data from current experiments. The S3 XFEL structures show extra density near the OEC that may correspond to a water/hydroxide molecule. However, in the latest structure, this additional oxygen is 2.08 {\AA} from the Oe2 of D1-E189, which is closer than the sum of the van der Waals radii of the two oxygens. Here, we use Boltzmann statistics and Monte Carlo sampling to provide a model for the S2-to-S3 state transition, allowing structural changes and the insertion of an additional water/hydroxide. Based on our model, water/hydroxide addition to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) is not thermodynamically favorable in the S2 g = 2 state, but it is in the S2 g = 4.1 redox isomer. Thus, formation of the S3 state starts by a transition from the S2 g = 2 to the S2 g = 4.1 structure. Then, electrostatic interactions support protonation of D1-H190 and deprotonation of the Ca2+-ligated water (W3) with proton loss to the lumen. The W3 hydroxide moves toward Mn4, completing the coordination shell of Mn4 and moving with its oxidation to Mn(IV) in the S3 state. In addition, binding additional hydroxide to Mn1 leads to a conformational change of D1-E189 in the S2 g = 4.1 and S3 structures. In the S3 state in the population of protonated D1-E189 increases.

Published
2019
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8. Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion by using different inoculums.

Author

Shamkhy, Ali G., Mohamed, Zainab B., and Fattah, Mohammed Y.

Subjects
*ORGANIC wastes, *ANAEROBIC digestion, *CATTLE manure, *SOLID waste, *SEWAGE sludge, *BIOGAS production
Abstract

The treatment of organic solid waste (OW) is a huge problem because a lot of it is disposed of every year and needs to be treated. The anaerobic digestion of organic waste is considered one of the most promising processes. Based on the current research, the anaerobic digestion of (OW) is improved when the substrate is mixed with sewage sludge (SS) or cow manure (CM) during the digestion process. In addition to feedstock, operation parameters such as temperature, pH, and total solids have a significant impact on the rate and quality of biogas production. Experiments were done on the anaerobic digestion of the substrate for OW-SS and OW-CM using a digester with mesophilic conditions (temperature 37℃, and retention time 31 days). The pH value varied from (5.1 - 4.39) and (6.7 - 5.7) for OW-SS and OW-CM, respectively. The accumulation of methane production was recorded as (3409 ml) and (4914 ml), and the higher rate of methane concentration was estimated to be (52%) and (61%) for OW-SS and OW-CM, respectively. It can be concluded that the co-digestion of (OW-CM) gives more volume and quantity of methane generation than OW-SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Challenges faced by women oncologists in Africa: a mixed methods study

Author

Mutebi, Miriam, primary, Aryeetey, Naa Adorkor, additional, Alemu, Haimanot Kasahun, additional, Carson, Laura, additional, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Doleeb, Zainab, additional, Lasebikan, Nwamaka, additional, Dharsee, Nazima Jaffer, additional, Msadabwe, Susan, additional, Ramogola-Masire, Doreen, additional, Mwanzi, Sitna, additional, Warfa, Khadija, additional, Nwachukwu, Emmanuella, additional, Woldetsadik, Edom Seife, additional, Spencer, Hirondina Vaz Borges, additional, Chraiet, Nesrine, additional, Jalink, Matthew, additional, Jagsi, Reshma, additional, Lombe, Dorothy Chilambe, additional, Vanderpuye, Verna, additional, and Hammad, Nazik, additional

Published
2024
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13. Using Eye Movement to Assess Auditory Attention

Author

Bakry, Alaa, Al-khatib, Radwa, Negm, Randa, Sabra, Eslam, Maher, Mohamed, Mohamed, Zainab, Shawky, Doaa, Badawi, Ashraf, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Hassanien, Aboul Ella, editor, Azar, Ahmad Taher, editor, Gaber, Tarek, editor, Bhatnagar, Roheet, editor, and F. Tolba, Mohamed, editor

Published
2020
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14. Facilitating Classroom Orchestration Using EEG to Detect the Cognitive States of Learners

Author

Mohamed, Zainab, Halaby, Mohamed El, Said, Tamer, Shawky, Doaa, Badawi, Ashraf, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Hassanien, Aboul Ella, editor, Azar, Ahmad Taher, editor, Gaber, Tarek, editor, Bhatnagar, Roheet, editor, and F. Tolba, Mohamed, editor

Published
2020
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15. Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

Author

Schweinsberg, Martin, Feldman, Michael, Staub, Nicola, van den Akker, Olmo R., van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Liu, Yang, Althoff, Tim, Heer, Jeffrey, Kale, Alex, Mohamed, Zainab, Amireh, Hashem, Venkatesh Prasad, Vaishali, Bernstein, Abraham, Robinson, Emily, Snellman, Kaisa, Amy Sommer, S., Otner, Sarah M.G., Robinson, David, Madan, Nikhil, Silberzahn, Raphael, Goldstein, Pavel, Tierney, Warren, Murase, Toshio, Mandl, Benjamin, Viganola, Domenico, Strobl, Carolin, Schaumans, Catherine B.C., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Naseeb, Chan, Mason Garrison, S., Yarkoni, Tal, Richard Chan, C.S., Adie, Prestone, Alaburda, Paulius, Albers, Casper, Alspaugh, Sara, Alstott, Jeff, Nelson, Andrew A., Ariño de la Rubia, Eduardo, Arzi, Adbi, Bahník, Štěpán, Baik, Jason, Winther Balling, Laura, Banker, Sachin, AA Baranger, David, Barr, Dale J., Barros-Rivera, Brenda, Bauer, Matt, Blaise, Enuh, Boelen, Lisa, Bohle Carbonell, Katerina, Briers, Robert A., Burkhard, Oliver, Canela, Miguel-Angel, Castrillo, Laura, Catlett, Timothy, Chen, Olivia, Clark, Michael, Cohn, Brent, Coppock, Alex, Cugueró-Escofet, Natàlia, Curran, Paul G., Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Dai, David, Valentino Dalla Riva, Giulio, Danielsson, Henrik, Russo, Rosaria de F.S.M., de Silva, Niko, Derungs, Curdin, Dondelinger, Frank, Duarte de Souza, Carolina, Tyson Dube, B., Dubova, Marina, Mark Dunn, Ben, Adriaan Edelsbrunner, Peter, Finley, Sara, Fox, Nick, Gnambs, Timo, Gong, Yuanyuan, Grand, Erin, Greenawalt, Brandon, Han, Dan, Hanel, Paul H.P., Hong, Antony B., Hood, David, Hsueh, Justin, Huang, Lilian, Hui, Kent N., Hultman, Keith A., Javaid, Azka, Ji Jiang, Lily, Jong, Jonathan, Kamdar, Jash, Kane, David, Kappler, Gregor, Kaszubowski, Erikson, Kavanagh, Christopher M., Khabsa, Madian, Kleinberg, Bennett, Kouros, Jens, Krause, Heather, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Lavbič, Dejan, Ling Lee, Rui, Leffel, Timothy, Yang Lim, Wei, Liverani, Silvia, Loh, Bianca, Lønsmann, Dorte, Wei Low, Jia, Lu, Alton, MacDonald, Kyle, Madan, Christopher R., Hjorth Madsen, Lasse, Maimone, Christina, Mangold, Alexandra, Marshall, Adrienne, Ester Matskewich, Helena, Mavon, Kimia, McLain, Katherine L., McNamara, Amelia A., McNeill, Mhairi, Mertens, Ulf, Miller, David, Moore, Ben, Moore, Andrew, Nantz, Eric, Nasrullah, Ziauddin, Nejkovic, Valentina, Nell, Colleen S, Arthur Nelson, Andrew, Nilsonne, Gustav, Nolan, Rory, O'Brien, Christopher E., O'Neill, Patrick, O'Shea, Kieran, Olita, Toto, Otterbacher, Jahna, Palsetia, Diana, Pereira, Bianca, Pozdniakov, Ivan, Protzko, John, Reyt, Jean-Nicolas, Riddle, Travis, (Akmal) Ridhwan Omar Ali, Amal, Ropovik, Ivan, Rosenberg, Joshua M., Rothen, Stephane, Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael, Sharma, Nirek, Shotwell, Gordon, Skarzynski, Martin, Stedden, William, Stodden, Victoria, Stoffel, Martin A., Stoltzman, Scott, Subbaiah, Subashini, Tatman, Rachael, Thibodeau, Paul H., Tomkins, Sabina, Valdivia, Ana, Druijff-van de Woestijne, Gerrieke B., Viana, Laura, Villesèche, Florence, Duncan Wadsworth, W., Wanders, Florian, Watts, Krista, Wells, Jason D, Whelpley, Christopher E., Won, Andy, Wu, Lawrence, Yip, Arthur, Youngflesh, Casey, Yu, Ju-Chi, Zandian, Arash, Zhang, Leilei, Zibman, Chava, and Luis Uhlmann, Eric

Published
2021
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28. THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES COURSES IN PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AT PRINCE SATTAM BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY.

Author

AL-SAEED MOHAMED, ZAINAB AHMED and OTHMAN HABIB, ALI MANSUR

Abstract

Copyright of Synesis is the property of Synesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024

30. Using Eye Movement to Assess Auditory Attention

Author

Bakry, Alaa, primary, Al-khatib, Radwa, additional, Negm, Randa, additional, Sabra, Eslam, additional, Maher, Mohamed, additional, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Shawky, Doaa, additional, and Badawi, Ashraf, additional

Published
2019
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36. Biogas production from anaerobic digestion: A review.

Author

Shamkhy, Ali G., Mohamed, Zainab B., and Fatah, Mohamed Y.

Subjects
*ANAEROBIC digestion, *BIOGAS production, *BIOGAS, *GLOBAL warming, *ORGANIC wastes, *WASTE management
Abstract

One of the most critical problems facing society is the disposal of organic waste because it produces unpleasant odors and causes many diseases when letting it ferment in the open p. It also increases the phenomenon of global warming as it helps to generate toxic gases, including methane gas, that affect the environment and cause global warming. Therefore, anaerobic digestion is the best solution for disposing of waste, and at the same time, biogas is produced that can be used for heating and cooking. Anaerobic processing medicines have frequently been utilized for the natural adjustment of natural squanders. These treatment processes produce biogas which might be used as a sustainable power source. The anaerobic assimilation of strong blows has drawn more interest given current ecological issues, particularly those worried about an Earth-wide temperature boost. Hence, it fundamentally expanded the lab-scale research around here. This review paper summarizes anaerobic digestion and its benefits and describes the biogas produced from this process and its composition, benefits, and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. The International Prognostic Score and HIV status predict red cell concentrate transfusion needs in Hodgkin lymphoma

Author

Simba, Kudakwashe, primary, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Opie, Jessica J., additional, Andera, Lillian F., additional, Brown, Karryn, additional, Oosthuizen, Jenna, additional, Antel, Katherine, additional, Dawood, Tareen, additional, Van der Vyfer, Lydia, additional, Du Toit, Cecile, additional, Louw, Vernon J., additional, and Verburgh, Estelle, additional

Published
2022
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45. Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update

Author

Bailly, Jenique, primary, Jenkins, Nicholas, additional, Chetty, Dharshnee, additional, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Verburgh, Estelle R., additional, and Opie, Jessica J., additional

Published
2022
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46. A PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPING AWARENESS ON THE DANGERS OF NUCLEAR WASTES AND METHODS OF SAFE DISPOSAL FOR WORKERS IN THE PRODUCTION SECTOR OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS AUTHORITY

Author

I. Mohamed Zainab, I. Lotfy Aziza, and R. M. Abdel Aal Reham

Subjects
Production sector, Medical education, Scale (social sciences), Significant difference, Validity, Safe handling, Training program, Psychology, Work environment, Session (web analytics)
Abstract

The aim of the current research is to study the effectiveness of a proposed program to develop enlightenment of the dangers of nuclear waste and methods of safe disposal for workers in the production sector at the Nuclear Materials Authority, and in order to achieve this, many references, books, research and previous studies related to the subject of the research and access to their tools were consulted and used. Research. The researchers adopted the experimental approach, the quasi-experimental design and the use of one experimental group, and the researchers designed a program consisting of six sessions at one session per week, which took two months to implement the program in the pre and post application of the environmental enlightenment scale. For the performance aspect of some practical skills in the work environment, the aim was to determine the effectiveness of a proposed program to develop awareness of the dangers of nuclear waste and methods of safe disposal for workers in the production sector at the Nuclear Materials Authority and to ensure the validity and reliability of the tools for the research group, which reached (30) trainees, The research ended with a number of results, the most important of which are: - · There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group members in pre-measurement and post-measurement of environmental knowledge in favor of post-measurement. · There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group members in pre-measurement and post-measurement of environmental trends in favor of post-measurement · There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group members in the pre-measurement and post-measurement of environmental skills in favor of the post-measurement. The research recommended that the training program be included in the group of programs provided to the employees of the Nuclear Materials Authority, especially the new workers, and the establishment of a database and information containing books and documented references on environmental enlightenment and the skills of safe handling with nuclear waste that enable workers to refer to it and benefit from its scientific content.

Published
2021

48. Challenges faced by female oncologists in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author

Mutebi, Miriam Claire, primary, Aryeetey, Naa Adorkor, additional, Carson, Laura M., additional, Mwanzi, Sitna Ali, additional, Lombe, Dorothy Chilambe, additional, Woldetsadik, Edom Seife, additional, Msadabwe, Susan Citonje, additional, Lasebikan, Nwamaka, additional, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Ramogola-Masire, Doreen, additional, Alemu, Haimanot Kasahun, additional, Jalink, Matthew, additional, Jagsi, Reshma, additional, Vanderpuye, Verna D., additional, and Hammad, Nazik, additional

Published
2022
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49. A Delphi study to guide the development of a clinical indicator tool for palliative care in South Africa

Author

Krause, Rene, primary, Barnard, Alan, additional, Burger, Henriette, additional, de Vos, Andre, additional, Evans, Katya, additional, Farrant, Lindsay, additional, Fouche, Nicki, additional, Kalula, Sebastiana, additional, Morgan, Jennie, additional, Mohamed, Zainab, additional, Panieri, Eugenio, additional, Ras, Tasleem, additional, Raubenheimer, Peter, additional, Verburg, Estelle, additional, Boyd, Kirsty, additional, and Gwyther, Liz, additional

Published
2022
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50. Morphology and optical properties of Cu2O-Doped CuO nano films prepared via thermal evaporation technique.

Author

Mohamed, Zainab Qassim, Al-Ogaili, Abdulazeez O. Mousa, and Abass, Khalid Haneen

Subjects
*OPTICAL properties, *COPPER oxide, *ATOMIC force microscopy, *MICROSCOPY, *ROOT-mean-squares, *ATOMIC force microscopes
Abstract

The films we are characterized morphologically by atomic force microscopy and optical properties are examined also by UV-Visible spectrometer, cupreous oxide (Cu2O) nanofilms which synthesized by thermal evaporation technique with pressure up to (1 X 10−7mbar), with thickness (75) nm. The surface morphological properties of Cu2O films were examined via an atomic force microscope (AFM). The root mean square, average roughness, number of grains on the surface, and average diameter are studied from atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were studied from absorption spectra (by a computer program to calculate the optical parameters) via (UV-Visible) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of (190-1100) nm. The absorption coefficients determined the type of transition and the absorbance is increased as well as the thickness, while the transmittance decreased. The optical energy gap decreased from (3. 75) eV for the CuO film to (3. 50) eV for the Cu2O-doped CuO film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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