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Dyes are coloured compound which are widely used in textile, painting, rubber, cosmetics, plastics and leather industry to colour their products. However, the irresponsibility of certain manufacturer results in producing dye waste and channel it to water resources had become one of the biggest challenges in water pollution. In this study, an effective solid adsorbent derived from sustainable sources for adsorption capacity study was produced which is silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon (Ag NPs – AC) to remove crystal violet (CV) dye. Adsorption process are cost – effective, simple and flexible with various dye pollutants. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was synthesized from Clitorea Ternatea flower extract that utilizes functions as stabilizing agents for silver nitrate (AgNO3) to promotes environmental friendly with no toxic chemicals produced and loaded in activated carbon (AC). Characterization of Ag NPs was analysed using UV-Visible which correspond to peak at 408 nm and XRD analysis. Four peaks values for silver at 2θ of 38.19°, 44.43°, 64.57°, 77.43° and average crystallite size of Ag NPs and Ag NPs – AC were calculated to be 16.11 nm and 36.13 nm respectively that were obtained from XRD pattern. The adsorption capacity of Ag NPs – AC was analysed and the optimum conditions were determined using different parameters which are the Ag NPs - AC ratio (1.0 g), contact time (240 min), adsorbent dosage (30 mg) and pH of CV dye (10). The highest percentage removal of CV dye using Ag NPs – AC was recorded up to 97% at 240 min with 30 mg dosage. Ag NPs – AC as adsorbent is a promising advanced materials in removing water pollutants with viable conditions and can applied in the wastewater treatment industry.

Plastic packaging is widely used in food industry to protect and maintain food freshness. However, plastic packaging also contributes to solid waste problem and can become the contamination area of microbial activities which in turn affecting the shelf-life of the food product and may causing food-borne illness towards consumer. Thus, the demands on biodegradable polymer as plastic packaging has grown widely especially among the food industry. The employment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can improve physical properties of biopolymer as well as promoting antimicrobial properties on the plastic packaging. The aim of this study is to synthesize of AgNPs by utilising acetylated starch (AS) as reducing agent with different parameters via microwave irradiation method. The effect of different ratio of acetylated starch and microwave time-varying exposure is evaluated. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized via UV-VIS spectroscopy (UV-VIS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. The absorbance peak emerges at 420nm on UV-VIS shows that silver nanoparticles is successfully produced. 15 minutes microwave time exposure and 1:1 ratio is identified as the optimum condition to produce silver nanoparticles. The peak emerges on FTIR spectra shows the involvement of starch in reduction process in synthesizing AgNPs. The XRD results shows the amorphous structure of starch and crystalline peak of silver appear in 2Θ regions 37.4°, 43.4°, 63.1° and 75.7°. In conclusion, the significant outcome from the study is the AgNPs were successfully synthesized via microwave irradiation method and be a function of time varying exposure and acetylated starch ratio.