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24 results on '"Mohamad, Maznorizan"'

1. OZONESONDE QUALITY ASSURANCE : The JOSIE–SHADOZ (2017) Experience

Author

Thompson, Anne M., Smit, Herman G. J., Witte, Jacquelyn C., Stauffer, Ryan M., Johnson, Bryan J., Morris, Gary, von der Gathen, Peter, Van Malderen, Roeland, Davies, Jonathan, Piters, Ankie, Allaart, Marc, Posny, Françoise, Kivi, Rigel, Cullis, Patrick, Anh, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Corrales, Ernesto, Machinini, Tshidi, da Silva, Francisco R., Paiman, George, Thiong’o, Kennedy, Zainal, Zamuna, Brothers, George B., Wolff, Katherine R., Nakano, Tatsumi, Stübi, Rene, Romanens, Gonzague, Coetzee, Gert J. R., Diaz, Jorge A., Mitro, Sukarni, Mohamad, Maznorizan, and Ogino, Shin-Ya

Published
2019

3. AERONET Remotely Sensed Measurements and Retrievals of Biomass Burning Aerosol Optical Properties During the 2015 Indonesian Burning Season

Author

Eck, T. F, Holben, B. N, Giles, D. M, Slutsker, I, Sinyuk, A, Schafer, J. S, Smirnov, A, Sorokin, M, Reid, J. S, Sayer, A. M, Hsu, N. C, Shi, Y. R, Levy, R. C, Lyapustin, A, Rahman, Muhammad Arif, Liew, Soo‐Chin, Salinas Cortijo, Santo V, Li, Tan, Kalbermatter, Daniel, Keong, Kwoh Leong, Yuggotomo, Muhammad Elifant, Aditya, Fanni, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Mahmud, Mastura, Chong, Tan Kok, Lim, Hwee‐San, Choon, Yeap Eng, Deranadyan, Gumilang, Kusumaningtyas, Sheila D. A, and Aldrian, Edvin

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

An extreme biomass-burning event occurred in Indonesia from September through October 2015 due to severe drought conditions, partially caused by a major El Nino event, thereby allowing for significant burning of peatland that had been previously drained. This event had the highest sustained aerosol optical depths (AOD) ever monitored by the global Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The newly developed AERONET Version 3 algorithms retain high AOD at the longer wavelengths when associated with high Angstrom Exponents (AEs), which thereby allowed for measurements of AOD at 675 nanometers as high as approximately 7, the upper limit of Sun photometry. Measured AEs at the highest monitored AOD levels were subsequently utilized to estimate instantaneous values of AOD at 550 nanometers in the range of 11 to 13, well beyond the upper measurement limit. Additionally, retrievals of complex refractive indices, size distributions, and single scattering albedos (SSA) were obtained at much higher AOD levels than possible from almucantar scans due to the ability to perform retrievals at smaller solar zenith angles with new hybrid sky radiance scans. For retrievals made at the highest AOD levels the fine mode volume median radii were approximately 0.25 to 0.30 microns, which are very large particles for biomass burning. Very high SSA values (approximately 0.975 from 440 to 1020 nanometers) are consistent with the domination by smoldering combustion of peat burning. Estimates of the percentage peat contribution to total biomass burning aerosol based on retrieved SSA and laboratory measured peat SSA were approximately 80-85 percent, in excellent agreement with independent estimates.

Published
2019
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4. First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) Profile Records (1998-2015): 1. Methodology and Evaluation

Author

Witte, Jacquelyn C, Thompson, Anne M, Smit, Herman G. J, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Posny, Françoise, Coetzee, Gert J. R, Northam, Edward T, Johnson, Bryan J, Sterling, Chance W, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Ogin, Shin-Ya, Jordan, Allen, and da Silva, Francisco R

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde measurements are an important source of highly resolved vertical profiles of ozone with long-term data records for deriving ozone trends, model development, satellite validation, and air quality studies. Ozonesonde stations employ a range of operational and data processing procedures, metadata reporting, and instrument changes that have resulted in inhomogeneities within individual station data records. A major milestone is the first reprocessing of seven Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) station ozonesonde records to account for errors and biases in operating/processing procedures. Ascension Island, Hanoi, Irene, Kuala Lumpur, La Reunion, Natal, and Watukosek station records all show an overall increase in ozone after reprocessing. Watukosek shows the largest increase of 9.0 plus or minus 2.1 Dobson Units (DU) in total column ozone; Irene and Hanoi show a 5.5 plus or minus 2.5 DU increase, while remaining sites show statistically insignificant enhancements. Negligible to modest ozone enhancements are observed after reprocessing in the troposphere (up to 8%) and stratosphere (up to 6%), except at La Reunion for which the application of background currents reduces tropospheric ozone (2.1 plus or minus1.3 DU). Inhomogeneities due to ozonesonde/solution-type changes at Ascension, Natal, and La Reunion are resolved with the application of transfer functions. Comparisons with EP-TOMS, Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite ozone overpasses show an overall improvement in agreement after reprocessing. Most reprocessed data sets show a significant reduction in biases with MLS at the ozone maximum region (50-10 hPa). Changes in radiosonde/ozonesonde system and nonstandard solution types can account for remaining discrepancies observed at several sites when compared to satellites.

Published
2017
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5. TROPOMI tropospheric ozone column data: geophysical assessment and comparison to ozonesondes, GOME-2B and OMI

Author

Hubert, Daan, primary, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Verhoelst, Tijl, additional, Allaart, Marc, additional, Compernolle, Steven, additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Dehn, Angelika, additional, Félix, Christian, additional, Johnson, Bryan J., additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Kollonige, Debra E., additional, Lerot, Christophe, additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Maata, Matakite, additional, Mitro, Sukarni, additional, Mohamad, Maznorizan, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Romahn, Fabian, additional, Selkirk, Henry B., additional, da Silva, Francisco R., additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Veefkind, J. Pepijn, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Witte, Jacquelyn C., additional, and Zehner, Claus, additional

Published
2021
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6. Applying Advanced Ground-Based Remote Sensing in the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent to Characterize Regional Proficiencies in Smoke Transport Modeling

Author

Campbell, James R, Ge, Cui, Wang, Jun, Welton, Ellsworth J, Bucholtz, Anthony, Hyer, Edward J, Reid, Elizabeth A, Chew, Boon Ning, Liew, Soo-Chin, Salinas, Santo V, Lolli, Simone, Kaku, Kathleen C, Lynch, Peng, Mahmud, Mastura, Mohamad, Maznorizan, and Holben, Brent N

Subjects
Environment Pollution, Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

This work describes some of the most extensive ground-based observations of the aerosol profile collected in Southeast Asia to date, highlighting the challenges in simulating these observations with a mesoscale perspective. An 84-h WRF Model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) mesoscale simulation of smoke particle transport at Kuching, Malaysia, in the southern Maritime Continent of Southeast Asia is evaluated relative to a unique collection of continuous ground-based lidar, sun photometer, and 4-h radiosonde profiling. The period was marked by relatively dry conditions, allowing smoke layers transported to the site unperturbed by wet deposition to be common regionally. The model depiction is reasonable overall. Core thermodynamics, including landsea-breeze structure, are well resolved. Total model smoke extinction and, by proxy, mass concentration are low relative to observation. Smoke emissions source products are likely low because of undersampling of fires in infrared sun-synchronous satellite products, which is exacerbated regionally by endemic low-level cloud cover. Differences are identified between the model mass profile and the lidar profile, particularly during periods of afternoon convective mixing. A static smoke mass injection height parameterized for this study potentially influences this result. The model does not resolve the convective mixing of aerosol particles into the lower free troposphere or the enhancement of near-surface extinction from nighttime cooling and hygroscopic effects.

Published
2015
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8. Supplementary material to "TROPOMI tropospheric ozone column data: Geophysical assessment and comparison to ozonesondes, GOME-2B and OMI"

Author

Hubert, Daan, primary, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Verhoelst, Tijl, additional, Allaart, Marc, additional, Compernolle, Steven, additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Dehn, Angelika, additional, Félix, Christian, additional, Johnson, Bryan J., additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Kollonige, Debra E., additional, Lerot, Christophe, additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Maata, Matakite, additional, Mitro, Sukarni, additional, Mohamad, Maznorizan, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Romahn, Fabian, additional, Selkirk, Henry B., additional, da Silva, Francisco R., additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Veefkind, J. Pepijn, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Witte, Jacquelyn C., additional, and Zehner, Claus, additional

Published
2020
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9. TROPOMI tropospheric ozone column data: Geophysical assessment and comparison to ozonesondes, GOME-2B and OMI

Author

Hubert, Daan, primary, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Verhoelst, Tijl, additional, Allaart, Marc, additional, Compernolle, Steven, additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Dehn, Angelika, additional, Félix, Christian, additional, Johnson, Bryan J., additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Kollonige, Debra E., additional, Lerot, Christophe, additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Maata, Matakite, additional, Mitro, Sukarni, additional, Mohamad, Maznorizan, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Romahn, Fabian, additional, Selkirk, Henry B., additional, da Silva, Francisco R., additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Veefkind, J. Pepijn, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Witte, Jacquelyn C., additional, and Zehner, Claus, additional

Published
2020
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10. Geophysical validation of two years of Sentinel-5p tropical tropospheric ozone columns

Author

Hubert, Daan, primary, Verhoelst, Tijl, additional, Compernolle, Steven, additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Granville, José, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Eichmann, Kai-Uwe, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Allaart, Marc, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Johnson, Bryan J., additional, Selkirk, Henry B., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, da Silva, Francisco R., additional, Mohamad, Maznorizan, additional, Félix, Christian, additional, and Stübi, René, additional

Published
2020
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11. Ground-based Assessment of the First Year of Sentinel-5p Tropospheric Ozone Data

Author

Hubert, Daan, Keppen, Arno, Verhoelst, Tijl, Granville, José, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Heue, Klaus-Peter, Pedergnana, Mattia, Loyola, Diego, Eichmann, Kai-Uwe, Weber, Mark, Apituley, Arnoud, Sneep, Maarten, Tuinder, Olaf, Veefkind, Pepijn, Thompson, Anne, Witte, Jacquelyn, Johnson, Bryan, Vömel, Holger, Selkirk, Henry, Piters, Ankie, Da Silva, Francisco, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Félix, Christian, Ancellet, Gérard, Delcloo, Andy, Duflot, Valentin, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Leblanc, Thierry, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Laboratory of Environmental and Tropical Variables [Natal], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, STRATO - LATMOS, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Tropospheric ozone is a pollutant that damages ecosystems and triggers human health problems. Ozone concentrations are highly variable over time and across the troposphere, which poses clear challenges to deepen our understanding of the processes involved in the production and transport of ozone. Further progress depends on the availability of instruments capable of measuring tropospheric ozone and its distribution at finer spatio-temporal scales. The TROPOMI instrument on the Sentinel-5p platform, launched into an early afternoon polar orbit in October 2017, combines a high spatial resolution, a large swath width and the spectral measurement characteristics required to deliver tropospheric ozone data records at unprecedented detail. The first of these products was released during Fall 2018. It consists in 0.5° (latitude) by 1° (longitude) resolved daily maps of 3-day moving mean values of the tropospheric ozone column between 20°S and 20°N, and it is computed using the convective-cloud method (CCD). A second data product consists in maps of tropical upper tropospheric ozone mixing ratio at a coarser spatial and temporal resolution. It is based on a cloud slicing algorithm (CSA), which is currently being fine-tuned for release in the very near future. A third data product, also under development at the time of this abstract, consists of the vertical profile of ozone concentration in the global troposphere and stratosphere, retrieved with the classical Optimal Estimation (OE) technique. We present here an assessment of the quality of the first year of the different tropospheric ozone column data sets retrieved from Sentinel-5p TROPOMI measurements, carried out within the context of ESA’s Sentinel-5p Mission Performance Center (MPC) and the S5PVT AO project CHEOPS-5p (Validation of Copernicus Height-resolved Ozone data Products from Sentinel-5p TROPOMI using global sonde and lidar networks, #28587). The first stage of this analysis consists of an inspection of the tropospheric ozone fields for structures which are potentially introduced in the measurement process. Sampling effects, in particular, are a possible source of uncertainty as the CCD product is derived from binned TROPOMI total ozone column data. Another structure introduced by retrieval assumptions would be the dependence of the quality of Sentinel-5p retrieved total column data to cloud parameters. In a second stage the satellite data are confronted to quality-assured ozonesonde and –tentatively– ground-based lidar measurements from the NDACC, SHADOZ and TOLNET networks. These well-characterized observational data records serve as a reference to evaluate the bias and uncertainty of the Sentinel-5p data, and their dependence on influence quantities. The study concludes with an assessment of the compliance of Sentinel-5p tropospheric ozone data with respect to mission and user requirements for key data applications.

Published
2019

12. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations

Author

Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Ma, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Ma, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Ma, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gérard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paul, Barlasina, Ma, Bogucka, Ma, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurélie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Ma, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Ma, Frolova, Ma, Gadhavi, Harish, GHEUSI, François, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Ma, Gros, Valérie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, Zhiqiang, Ma, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CENMA), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea] (NIER), European Environmental Agency (EEA), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea], Korea University [Seoul], School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong] (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung (ZMMF), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMD School of Public Health, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IMPA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem], Israël Ministry of Environmental Protection, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Slovenian Environment Agency, Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Auckland Council, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), South Australia Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Shandong University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisica [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Monitoring, ground-level ozone, monitoring, database, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology and Environment, Atmospheric Sciences, Database, Earth sciences, ddc:550, Data and Information, Ground-level ozone, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions. This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies sup¬ported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.

Published
2017
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13. TROPOMI tropospheric ozone column data: Geophysical assessment and comparison to ozonesondes, GOME-2B and OMI.

Author

Hubert, Daan, Heue, Klaus-Peter, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Verhoelst, Tijl, Allaart, Marc, Compernolle, Steven, Cullis, Patrick D., Dehn, Angelika, Félix, Christian, Johnson, Bryan J., Keppens, Arno, Kollonige, Debra E., Lerot, Christophe, Loyola, Diego, Maata, Matakite, Mitro, Sukarni, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Piters, Ankie, Romahn, Fabian, and Selkirk, Henry B.

Subjects
OZONESONDES, TROPOSPHERIC ozone, LOW earth orbit satellites, OCEAN waves, BIOMASS burning, UNIFORM spaces
Abstract

Ozone in the troposphere affects humans and ecosystems as a pollutant and as a greenhouse gas. Observing, understanding and modelling this dual role, as well as monitoring effects of international regulations on air quality and climate change, however, challenge measurement systems to operate at opposite ends of the spatio-temporal scale ladder. On board of the ESA/EU Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite launched in October 2017, TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aspires to take the next leap forward by measuring ozone and its precursors at unprecedented horizontal resolution until at least the mid 2020s. In this work, we assess the quality of TROPOMI's first release (V01.01.05-08) of tropical tropospheric ozone column data (TrOC). Derived with the Convective Cloud Differential (CCD) method, TROPOMI daily TrOC data represent the three-day moving mean ozone column between surface and 270 hpa under clear sky conditions gridded at 0.5° latitude by 1° longitude resolution. Comparisons to almost two years of co- located SHADOZ ozonesonde and satellite data (Aura OMI and MetOp-B GOME-2) conclude to TROPOMI biases between -0.1 and +2.3 DU (< +13 %) when averaged over the tropical belt. The field of the bias is essentially uniform in space (deviations < 1 DU) and stable in time at the 1.5-2.5 DU level. However, the record is still fairly short and continued monitoring will be key to clarify whether observed patterns and stability persist, alter behaviour or disappear. Biases are partially due to TROPOMI and the reference data records themselves, but they can also be linked to systematic effects of the non perfect co-locations. Random uncertainty due to co-location mismatch contributes considerably to the 2.6-4.6 DU (~14-23 %) statistical dispersion observed in the difference time series. We circumvent part of this problem by employing the triple co-location analysis technique and infer that TROPOMI single-measurement precision is better than 1.5-2.5 DU (~8-13 %), in line with uncertainty estimates reported in the data files. Hence, the TROPOMI precision is judged to be 20-25 % better than for its predecessors OMI and GOME- 2B, while sampling at four times better spatial resolution and almost twice better temporal resolution. Using TROPOMI tropospheric ozone columns at maximal resolution nevertheless requires consideration of correlated errors at small scales of up to 5 DU due to the inevitable interplay of satellite orbit and cloud coverage. Two particular types of sampling error are investigated and we suggest how these can be identified or remedied. Our study confirms that major known geophysical patterns and signals of the tropical tropospheric ozone field are imprinted in TROPOMI's two- year data record. These include the permanent zonal wave-one pattern, the pervasive annual and semiannual cycles, the high levels of ozone due to biomass burning around the Atlantic basin, and enhanced convective activity cycles associated with the Madden- Julian Oscillation over the Indo-Pacific warm pool. A quasi-periodic signal of 1-2 weeks and 3-5 DU amplitude in TrOC time series, especially at low latitudes, is reminiscent of Kelvin wave activity. TROPOMI's combination of higher precision and higher resolution reveal details of these patterns and the processes involved, at considerably smaller spatial and temporal scales and with more complete coverage than contemporary satellite sounders. If the accuracy of future TROPOMI data proves to remain stable with time, these hold great potential to be included in Climate Data Records, as well as serve as a travelling standard to interconnect the upcoming constellation of air quality satellites in geostationary and low Earth orbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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16. Evaluation of forest CO2 fluxes from sonde measurements in three different climatological areas including Borneo, Malaysia, and Iriomote and Hokkaido, Japan.

Author

Nomura, Shohei, Mukai, Hitoshi, Terao, Yukio, Takagi, Kentaro, Mohamad, Maznorizan, and Jahaya, Mohad Firdaus

Abstract

Evaluation of carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks in forest areas of East and Southeast Asia (especially tropical regions) is important for assessing CO2 budgets at the regional scale. To evaluate the CO2 flux of large forest areas, we collected vertical CO2 profiles over the forest using a CO2 sonde and measured surface CO2 concentrations around the forest using continuous CO2 measurement equipment. These observations were performed over a typical northern forest (Hokkaido) in Japan, a subtropical forest island (Iriomote Island) in Japan, and a tropical forest in Borneo Island. We detected the differences in CO2 vertical profiles between dawn and daytime, and at the upwind and downwind sites of the forests with the observational results from the CO2 sonde. We also clarified that CO2 concentrations during daytime at the downwind sites (affected by the forest) were systematically lower than those at the upwind sites (not affected by the forest). In contrast, CO2 concentrations during dawn at the downwind sites were larger than those at the upwind site. We estimated the CO2 fluxes (μmol m−2 s−1) at dawn and daytime of the forests from these observational results. The CO2 fluxes of Borneo's forest were very large (16.5 and −37.7 at dawn and daytime, respectively), whereas the CO2 fluxes of the forests in Hokkaido and Iriomote were lower (3.9 to 11.8 at dawn and −11.8 to −15.0 at daytime). These evaluated values were consistent with fluxes measured by the eddy-covariance method in the same region. Thus, use of the CO2 sonde to collect observations of CO2 vertical profiles was considered to be an effective method to verify CO2 absorption and emission in large forest areas. This method can also be used to evaluate dynamic CO2 absorption and emission processes in tropical forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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17. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products

Author

M. Thompson, Anne, K. Miller, Sonya, Tilmes, Simone, W. Kollonige, Debra, C. Witte, Jacquelyn, J. Oltmans, Samuel, J. Johnson, Bryan, Fujiwara, Masatomo, J. Schmidlin, F., J. R. Coetzee, G., Komala, Ninong, Maata, Matakite, Bt Mohamad, Maznorizan, Nguyo, J., Mutai, C., Ogino, S.-Y., Raimundo Da Silva, F., M. Paes Leme, N., Posny, Françoise, Scheele, Rinus, B. Selkirk, Henry, Shiotani, Masato, Stübi, René, Levrat, Gilbert, Calpini, Bertrand, Thouret, Valérie, Tsuruta, Haruo, Valverde Canossa, Jessica, Vömel, Holger, Yonemura, S., Andrés Diaz, Jorge, T. Tan Thanh, Nguyen, T. Thuy Ha, Hoang, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Meteorology, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We present a regional and seasonal climatology of SHADOZ ozone profiles in the troposphere and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) based on measurements taken during the first five years of Aura, 2005-2009, when new stations joined the network at Hanoi, Vietnam; Hilo, Hawaii; Alajuela/Heredia, Costa Rica; Cotonou, Benin. In all, 15 stations operated during that period. A west-to-east progression of decreasing convective influence and increasing pollution leads to distinct tropospheric ozone profiles in three regions: (1) western Pacific/eastern Indian Ocean; (2) equatorial Americas (San Cristóbal, Alajuela, Paramaribo); (3) Atlantic and Africa. Comparisons in total ozone column from soundings, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI, on Aura, 2004-) satellite and ground-based instrumentation are presented. Most stations show better agreement with OMI than they did for EP/TOMS comparisons (1998-2004; Earth-Probe/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer), partly due to a revised above-burst ozone climatology. Possible station biases in the stratospheric segment of the ozone measurement noted in the first 7 years of SHADOZ ozone profiles are re-examined. High stratospheric bias observed during the TOMS period appears to persist at one station. Comparisons of SHADOZ tropospheric ozone and the daily Trajectory-enhanced Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TTOR) product (based on OMI/MLS) show that the satellite-derived column amount averages 25% low. Correlations between TTOR and the SHADOZ sondes are quite good (typical r2 = 0.5-0.8), however, which may account for why some published residual-based OMI products capture tropospheric interannual variability fairly realistically. On the other hand, no clear explanations emerge for why TTOR-sonde discrepancies vary over a wide range at most SHADOZ sites.

Published
2012
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19. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products

Author

Thompson, Anne M., Miller, Sonya K., Tilmes, Simone, Kollonige, Debra W., Witte, Jacquelyn C., Oltmans, Samuel J., Johnson, Bryan J., 1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Schmidlin, F. J., Coetzee, G. J. R., Komala, Ninong, Maata, Matakite, bt Mohamad, Maznorizan, Nguyo, J., Mutai, C., Ogino, S-Y., Da Silva, F. Raimundo, Leme, N. M. Paes, Posny, Francoise, Scheele, Rinus, Selkirk, Henry B., Shiotani, Masato, Stübi, René, Levrat, Gilbert, Calpini, Bertrand, Thouret, Valérie, Tsuruta, Haruo, Canossa, Jessica Valverde, Vömel, Holger, Yonemura, S., Diaz, Jorge Andrés, Tan Thanh, Nguyen T., Thuy Ha, Hoang T., Thompson, Anne M., Miller, Sonya K., Tilmes, Simone, Kollonige, Debra W., Witte, Jacquelyn C., Oltmans, Samuel J., Johnson, Bryan J., 1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Schmidlin, F. J., Coetzee, G. J. R., Komala, Ninong, Maata, Matakite, bt Mohamad, Maznorizan, Nguyo, J., Mutai, C., Ogino, S-Y., Da Silva, F. Raimundo, Leme, N. M. Paes, Posny, Francoise, Scheele, Rinus, Selkirk, Henry B., Shiotani, Masato, Stübi, René, Levrat, Gilbert, Calpini, Bertrand, Thouret, Valérie, Tsuruta, Haruo, Canossa, Jessica Valverde, Vömel, Holger, Yonemura, S., Diaz, Jorge Andrés, Tan Thanh, Nguyen T., and Thuy Ha, Hoang T.

Published
2012

20. Seasonal variability of PM2.5 composition and sources in the Klang Valley urban-industrial environment.

Author

Amil, Norhaniza, Latif, Mohd Talib, Khan, Md Firoz, and Mohamad, Maznorizan

Subjects
GLOBAL warming, AIR quality, FORCE & energy, METEOROLOGY
Abstract

This study investigates the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) variability in the Klang Valley urban-industrial environment. In total, 94 daily PM2.5 samples were collected during a 1-year campaign from August 2011 to July 2012. This is the first paper on PM2:5 mass, chemical composition and sources in the tropical environment of Southeast Asia, covering all four seasons (distinguished by the wind flow patterns) including haze events. The samples were analysed for various inorganic components and black carbon (BC). The chemical compositions were statistically analysed and the temporal aerosol pattern (seasonal) was characterised using descriptive analysis, correlation matrices, enrichment factor (EF), stoichiometric analysis and chemical mass closure (CMC). For source apportionment purposes, a combination of positive matrix factorisation (PMF) and multi-linear regression (MLR) was employed. Further, meteorological-gaseous parameters were incorporated into each analysis for improved assessment. In addition, secondary data of total suspended particulate (TSP) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) sampled at the same location and time with this study (collected by Malaysian Meteorological Department) were used for PM ratio assessment. The results showed that PM2:5 mass averaged at 28±18 μgm-3, 2.8-fold higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) annual guideline. On a daily basis, the PM2.5 mass ranged between 6 and 118 μg m-3 with the daily WHO guideline exceeded 43% of the time. The north-east (NE) monsoon was the only season with less than 50% sample exceedance of the daily WHO guideline. On an annual scale, PM2.5 mass correlated positively with temperature (T ) and wind speed (WS) but negatively with relative humidity (RH). With the exception of NOx , the gases analysed (CO, NO2, NO and SO2) were found to significantly influence the PM2.5 mass. Seasonal variability unexpectedly showed that rainfall, WS and wind direction (WD) did not significantly correlate with PM2.5 mass. Further analysis on the PM2.5 =PM10, PM2.5 = TSP and PM10 = TSP ratios reveal that meteorological parameters only greatly influenced the coarse particles (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of greater than 2.5 μm) and less so the fine particles at the site. Chemical composition showed that both primary and secondary pollutants of PM2:5 are equally important, albeit with seasonal variability. The CMC components identified were in the decreasing order of (mass contribution) BC> secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) > dust > trace elements > sea salt >K+. The EF analysis distinguished two groups of trace elements: those with anthropogenic sources (Pb, Se, Zn, Cd, As, Bi, Ba, Cu, Rb, V and Ni) and those with a crustal source (Sr, Mn, Co and Li). The five identified factors resulting from PMF 5.0 were (1) combustion of engine oil, (2) mineral dust, (3) mixed SIA and biomass burning, (4) mixed traffic and industrial and (5) sea salt. Each of these sources had an annual mean tribution of 17, 14, 42, 10 and 17% respectively. The dominance of each identified source largely varied with changing season and a few factors were in agreement with the CMC, EF and stoichiometric analysis, accordingly. In relation to meteorological-gaseous parameters, PM2.5 sources were influenced by different parameters during different seasons. In addition, two air pollution episodes (HAZE) revealed the influence of local and/or regional sources. Overall, our study clearly suggests that the chemical constituents and sources of PM2.5 were greatly influenced and characterised by meteorological and gaseous parameters which vary greatly with season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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21. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products

Author

Thompson, Anne M., primary, Miller, Sonya K., additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Kollonige, Debra W., additional, Witte, Jacquelyn C., additional, Oltmans, Samuel J., additional, Johnson, Bryan J., additional, Fujiwara, Masatomo, additional, Schmidlin, F. J., additional, Coetzee, G. J. R., additional, Komala, Ninong, additional, Maata, Matakite, additional, bt Mohamad, Maznorizan, additional, Nguyo, J., additional, Mutai, C., additional, Ogino, S-Y., additional, Da Silva, F. Raimundo, additional, Leme, N. M. Paes, additional, Posny, Francoise, additional, Scheele, Rinus, additional, Selkirk, Henry B., additional, Shiotani, Masato, additional, Stübi, René, additional, Levrat, Gilbert, additional, Calpini, Bertrand, additional, Thouret, Valérie, additional, Tsuruta, Haruo, additional, Canossa, Jessica Valverde, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Yonemura, S., additional, Diaz, Jorge Andrés, additional, Tan Thanh, Nguyen T., additional, and Thuy Ha, Hoang T., additional

Published
2012
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23. Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian Fire Danger Rating Systems.

Author

De Groot, William J., Field, Robert D., Brady, Michael A., Roswintiarti, Orbita, and Mohamad, Maznorizan

Subjects
FIRE risk assessment, EMERGENCY management, FIRES (Information retrieval system), FIRES, GRASSLAND fires, METEOROLOGICAL services, ECONOMICS, PREVENTION
Abstract

Forest and land fires in Southeast Asia have many social, economic, and environmental impacts. Tropical peatland fires affect global carbon dynamics, and haze from peat fires has serious negative impacts on the regional economy and human health. To mitigate these fire-related problems, forest and land management agencies require an early warning system to assist them in implementing fire prevention and management plans before fire problems begin. Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) were developed for Indonesia and Malaysia to provide early warning of the potential for serious fire and haze events. In particular, they identify time periods when fires can readily start and spread to become uncontrolled fires and time periods when smoke from smouldering fires will cause an unacceptably high level of haze. The FDRS were developed by adapting components of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System, including the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System and the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System, to local vegetation, climate, and fire regime conditions. A smoke potential indicator was developed using the Drought Code DC) of the FWI System. Historical air quality analysis showed that the occurrence of severe haze events increased substantially when DC was above 400. An ignition potential indicator was developed using the Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) of the FWI System. Historical hot spot analysis, grass moisture, and grass ignition studies showed that fire occurrence and the ability for grass fires to start and spread dramatically increased when FFMC > 82. The Initial Spread Index (ISI) of the FWI System was used to develop a difficulty of control indicator for grassland fires, a fuel type that can exhibit high rates of spread and fire intensity. This ISI-based indicator was developed using the grass fuel model of the FBP System, along with a standard grass fuel load and curing level estimated from previous Indonesian studies. Very high fire intensity is expected in grasslands when ISI ≥ 6. To provide early warning, the FDRS identifies classes of increasing fire danger as the FFMC, DC, and ISI approach these key threshold values. The Indonesian FDRS is now operated nationally at the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Agency. The Malaysian Meteorological Service operates the Malaysian FDRS and displays regional outputs for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The FDRS are being used by forestry, agriculture, environment, and fire and rescue agencies to develop and implement fire prevention, detection, and suppression plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

24. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations

Author

Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Manish, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Markus, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Markus, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gerard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paulo, Barlasina, Maria, Bogucka, Magdalena, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurelie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Manuel, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Marina, Frolova, Marina, Gadhavi, Harish, Gheusi, Francois, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Margarita Y., Gros, Valerie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, and Zhiqiang, Ma

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water

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