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The present study aimed to compare adolescents (14-15 years old) having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders classified as flourishing with those adolescents classified as non- flourishing concerning rated mental health problems and adolescent perceptions of adolescent disclosure and parental control. The present study used a cross-sectional design based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the LoRDIA research program. Adolescents having self-reported NDDs in wave 3 were included (n=198). Adolescents rated their mental health using the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, after which researchers classified them as flourishing, moderate, or languishing. Behavior and emotional symptoms were rated using the conduct problems subscale and emotional symptoms subscale of the self-reported version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adolescents rated adolescent disclosure and parental control using the adolescent disclosure scale and parental control scale. Independent Samples t-Tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regressions were performed to analyze data. Findings illustrated that adolescents having self-reported NDDs classified as flourishing report less conduct problems, lower adolescent disclosure, and same levels of parental control compared to those adolescents classified as non-flourishing. Emotional problems seem to be positively related to adolescent disclosure within family interaction patterns, while conduct problems appear to be negatively related to parental control. However, parenting style may be crucial in having few or many conduct- and emotional problems. Thus, adolescent disclosure plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health, mental health problems, and parent-adolescent interactions, while parental control plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health problems and parent-adolescent interactions.

Background: Children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy [CP] are not as physically active as their typically developing peers, which contributes to reduced physical fitness. Previous studies about participating in physical activity [PA] and disability in general have identified barriers and facilitators. However, less research has been performed targeting persons with CP, the most common physical disability in childhood. Previous studies mainly focused on the parental perspectives of their child with CP. Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify and critically review the existing literature on barriers to and facilitators for children and adolescents with CP to participate in PA. Method: A literature search was carried out in four online databases for social and health sciences to select peer-reviewed qualitative articles, identifying barriers to and facilitators for children and adolescents with CP to participate in PA. Studies were identified following the pre-established selection criteria, resulting in eight qualitative studies. Results: Various personal and environmental factors were identified working as either barriers or facilitators, and yielded into two sub-categories and codes for personal and environmental factors. Sub-categories of identified barriers and facilitators within personal factors were physical abilities to participate in physical activity and psychological factors, and acceptance and relationships and possibilities to participate in PA within environmental factors. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with CP are facing many personal and environmental barriers and facilitators to participate in PA. Further research is needed to develop an awareness program about CP to work with them, and to investigate the number of individuals required in a team to give this group the time and attention they need to master their skills. Achtergrond: Kinderen en adolescenten met Cerebrale Parese [CP] zijn niet zo fysiek actief als hun typisch ontwikkelde leeftijdsgenoten, wat bijdraagt aan een verminderde fysieke conditie. Eerdere studies over deelname aan fysieke activiteiten [PA] en beperkingen hebben belemmeringen en mogelijkheden in kaart gebracht. Er is echter minder onderzoek gedaan naar CP, terwijl dit de meest voorkomende fysieke beperking in de kindertijd is. Eerdere studies richtten zich vooral op de ouderperspectieven van hun kind met CP. Doel: Het in kaart brengen en kritisch beschouwen van bestaande literatuur over belemmeringen en mogelijkheden om deel te nemen in PA voor kinderen met CP. Methode: Een literatuuronderzoek is uitgevoerd in vier online databases voor sociale en gezondheidswetenschappen om peer-reviewed kwalitatieve artikelen te selecteren die belemmeringen en mogelijkheden identificeren voor kinderen en adolescenten met CP om deel te nemen in een fysieke activiteit. Studies werden geïdentificeerd volgens de vooraf vastgestelde selectiecriteria, wat resulteerde in acht kwalitatieve studies. Resultaten: Verschillende persoonlijke en omgevingsfactoren werden geïdentificeerd, werkend als belemmering of mogelijkheid, en resulteerden in twee subcategorieën en codes voor beide factoren. Belemmeringen en mogelijkheden binnen de persoonlijke factoren resulteerden in de subcategorieën fysieke capaciteiten om deel te nemen aan fysieke activiteiten psychologische factoren, en binnen de omgevingsfactoren in acceptatie en relaties en mogelijkheden om deel te nemen aan een fysieke activiteit. Conclusie: Kinderen en jongeren met CP worden geconfronteerd met vele persoonlijke en omgevingsbelemmeringen en mogelijkheden om deel te nemen aan PA. Er is verder onderzoek nodig om een bewustwordingsprogramma over CP te ontwikkelen om met deze doelgroep te werken en om te onderzoeken hoeveel individuen er nodig zijn om deze groep de tijd en aandacht te geven die nodig is om hun vaardigheden onder de knie te krijgen.