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In this paper, we investigate the Gray images of codes over chain rings, leading to the derivation of infinite families of self-orthogonal linear codes over the residue field Fq. We determine the parameters of optimal self-orthogonal and divisible linear codes. Additionally, we study the Gray images of quasi-twisted codes, resulting in some self-orthogonal Griesmer quasi-cyclic codes. Finally, we employ the CSS construction to derive some quantum codes based on self-orthogonal linear codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on Iran's experience in controlling and managing COVID‑19 with a lesson for developing countries. Topics include case finding and follow‑up in developing countries and in conditions of limited resources, can help prevent and control COVID‑19; and Health‑care providers are required to contact the person for further assessment and care.

Background: The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Iran was reported in February 2019. The current study aimed to investigate the epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 disease in Isfahan province and evaluate the chances of infection and death in the population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 21,203 confirmed cases of COVID-19, based on the polymerase chain reaction test, referred to outpatient facilities from February 2019 to July 2020 in Isfahan province are studied. Disease incidence, mortality, and case fatality rate, as well as odds ratio (OR) of infection and death, were calculated and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The highest incidence of the disease was within the age group of 30–39 years 4911 (23.9%) and males 11,561 (54.5%). Mortality in people over 80 years (207 [32.9%]), men (370 cases [58.7%]), diabetics (182 cases [28.9%]), and people with cardiovascular disease (165 people [26.2%]) was more. In multivariate analysis, patients with a cancer diagnosis had the highest OR of death (OR = 4.03 confidence interval [CI]: 2.56–6.35) (P < 0.001), followed by those with immune deficiency disease (OR = 2.46 CI: 1.07–5.63) (P = 0.03). As the number of comorbidities increased, the risk of death increased in the total population, so that in patients with more than 4 underlying diseases, compared to the group without disease, the chance of death increased 6.33 times. Conclusion: This study showed that people with cancer and chronic respiratory disease had a higher chance of COVID-19 infection. People over the age of 60, people with cancer, and immunodeficiency also had a higher chance of COVID-19 mortalityW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate cardiometabolic factors in children of parents with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to determine the association of these factors among children and their parents. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the baseline survey of a longitudinal study. According to inclusion/exclusion criteria, 800 children of parents with diagnosed MetS were selected by convenience sampling. Cardiometabolic data including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass percentage (FMP) were collected and analyzed. Data regarding children's diet and their psychological state were also recorded by validated questionnaires. Mean of continuous variables were compared by one-way ANOVA and correlations between continuous variables were determined by the Pearson correlation test. Results: After excluding cases with missing data, information for 746 children (58% boys) and their parents was analyzed. Among children, TG was significantly correlated with BMI, WC, and FMP (p=0.001, r=0.24; p<0.0001, r=0.25; and p=0.01, r=0.19, respectively). Additionally, TC was significantly correlated with WC (p= 0.02). There were significant correlations between mother's FBG with children's BMI and WC (p=0.01, r=0.27; and p=0.00, r=0.29, respectively). Children of fathers and mothers with high BMI had significantly increased TC (p=0.04, and p=0.02, respectively). There was an inverse significant correlation between mood score and systolic blood pressure (p=0.03). There were also correlations between carbohydrates in children's diets and WC (p=0.02, r=0.34), and a near significant inverse correlation between nut consumption in diet and TC (p=0.05, r= -0.22). Conclusions: The current study showed the association of various factors on cardiometabolic risk factors in children and the relationship between these factors in children and in their parents. In addition to genetic predisposition, the familial aggregation of anthropometric measures underscores the role of obesogenic families in the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In this study, we discussed aging and common diseases associated with it which can lead to hospitalization. Hypertension was also evaluated as one of the factors affecting morbidity and mortality in elderly people. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected using checklists and extracting information from medical records in Al-Zahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics according to the research questions in SPSS. RESULTS: A total number of 11,018 people aged 60-99 years were studied. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common cause of hospitalization [2063 patients (18.7%)]. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, 84 were suffering from hypertension, 76 had primary hypertension, 7 had hypertensive heart disease with or without congestive heart failure, and 1 had secondary hypertension. Among all hypertensive patients, there were 37 males (44.05%) and 47 females (55.95%). Moreover, 34 people aged 60-69, 30 aged 70-79, 18 aged 80-89 and 2 aged 90-99 years. Duration of hospitalization was less than 1 day for 12 people, 1-2 days for 27, 3-5 days for 25, 6-10 days for 14, 15-11 days for 6, and more than 15 days for 1 person. CONCLUSION: Prevention and treatment of hypertension is important in order to control this disease. Untreated or poorly/untimely controlled hypertension would thus leave permanent side effects. It may thus leave sustained side effects if remain untreated or poorly/untimely controlled. However, people with hypertension were in minority in our study. Therefore, more research in this field with larger sample size is necessary for further identification of factors affecting quality of life in elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome has known as an independent risk factor of stroke. The occurrence of this syndrome is due to genetic factors and lifestyle. This study was performed on the frequency of metabolic syndrome prevalence in ischemic stroke patients compare to control. Materials and Methods: one hundred ischemic stroke patients and 100 controls (with the same age and sex) were evaluated for this study. Result: 62% of patient and 34% of controls had metabolic syndrome criteria according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) {OR: 3.2; 95% CI (1.9-9.7), P=0.001} Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women was more than men (52% vs. 44%) {OR: 0.72; 95% CI (0.4, 1.3)}. Beside of metabolic syndrome, prevalence of metabolic syndrome components was significantly higher in stroke patients compare to controls. Conclusion: metabolic syndrome prevalence are more common in stroke patients compare to controls, but it should be noticed that the controls are in a risk of future stroke so they need special treatment to prevent it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), defined by a gender-specific cutoff value, among normal weight and overweight children; and to assess the relationship of increasing ALT levels with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among school students, aged 6-18 years in Isfahan, Iran. Based on the body mass index (BMI) percentiles, a group of normal-weight was compared with a group of overweight and obese students. Gender differences were considered for increased levels of ALT, i.e. 19U/L and 30U/L for girls and boys respectively. Findings: The study participants consisted of 1172 students (56.2% girls), with a mean (SD) age of 12.57 (3.3) years. Among overweight/obese students the mean triglycerides (TG) and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in those with increased ALT than in those with normal ALT levels. The logistic regression analysis showed that among overweight/obese boys, for each 1 unit increase in ALT, the odds ratio (OR) of TG, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure increased significantly. After adjusting for age, these associations remained significant, and the OR of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased significantly. In the model adjusting for age and BMI, the ORs of TG and HDL-c remained significant. After adjusting for age and waist circumference, HDL-c was the only parameter with significant OR. Among overweight/obese girls, in all models applied, the OR was significant for TG and total cholesterol. A significant independent association was documented for waist circumference and increase in ALT after adjustment for BMI. Conclusion: This study documented significant relationship of increased ALT levels, defined by a gender-specific cutoff point, with cardiometabolic risk factors and hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype in Iranian children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging induces physiological changes and affects all of organs. Nutritional status and mental health deteriorate with aging. As malnutrition and depression are main problem in elderly this study was performed to assess the association between malnutrition and depression among rural elderly., Materials and Methods: Three hundred and seventy rural elderly aged over 60 years were examined in a cross-sectional study by systematic sampling method and using mini nutritional assessment (MNA), which is a standard questionnaire for evaluating nutrition status. Depression was evaluated by a validated questionnaire in the elderly. Correlation between Socio-demographic characteristic, diseases, and nutrition status was obtained by t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression in elderly population., Results: Mean ± SD age was 70.6 ± 7.3 years. Frequency of malnutrition was similar in both genders. According to MNA, 3.8% of subjects suffered from malnutrition, 32.7% were at risk of malnutrition and 63.5% were well-nourished. Nutrition status correlated with body mass index (P = 0.028) and depression (P = 0.001). The risk of severe depression in patients with malnutrition was 15.5 times higher than non-depressed persons (odd ratio: 15.5; 95% CI: 2.9-82.5)., Conclusion: Depression could act as a powerful risk for malnutrition in elderly population that it should be controlled by physicians.