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Nanosorbent NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 was produced via green and ultrasonication methods to remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solutions. The prepared material was analyzed using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption capacity of the NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 nanosorbent for OTC decontamination was studied using a batch experiment under various parameters. The adsorption capacity was notably increased to 1634 mg g−1 under fixed experimental conditions. The kinetic and isothermal analyses were conducted using several optimal pH and temperature models. The adsorption kinetics graphs aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemical adsorption via electrostatic interactions. The adsorption isotherm curves aligned more closely with the Langmuir model than the Temkin and Freundlich models, suggesting a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The adsorption mechanism was clearly elucidated using FTIR investigations. The results of the study indicate that NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 nanosorbent is a promising candidate for specific elimination of OTC on many different levels for the treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial dyes resist conventional oxidation and reduction processes. The current study aims to investigate the utilization of ultrasonically prepared CaMgO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite for Congo red dye decolorization. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of a multiphase composite containing Ca and Mg oxides alongside g-C3N4. The coupling of MgO and CaO to g-C3N4 nanosheets is confirmed by TEM/EDX and XPS analysis. The nanocomposite manifests a high photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye in an aqueous solution (99 mg/g) with an insignificant retention rate (∼ 5%) by virtue of its large surface area (73 m2/g), low band gap energy (2.85 eV) as well as the photogenerated holes, electrons, and hydroxyl radical involvement. The dye photodecolorization displays a rate constant of 0.07092 min−1 and a decolorization rate of 99%. Furthermore, the photodegradation kinetics fits well with the pseudo-first-order model, and mechanistic modeling suggests a Z-scheme mechanism. This research highlights the powerful catalytic effect of CaMgO2@g-C3N4 for synthetic dyes' decolorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater treatment using solid phase extraction has emerged as one of the most effective approaches. In this paper, TiO2–g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared by a simple one-step ultrasonic method and used as an adsorbent for the elimination of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. X-ray powder diffraction XRD, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and RAMAN were utilized to characterize the TiO2–g-C3N4 nanocomposite. The impacts of initial RhB dye concentration, contact time, and pH were investigated. The adsorption capacity for the elimination of RhB dye was 148.46 mg g−1. The analyses of the kinetic model demonstrate that the process exhibited pseudo-second-order kinetics. The suitability and applicability of the Sips model are demonstrated by fitting experimental equilibrium data to various isotherm models. The examination of TiO2–g-C3N4 nanocomposite as a suitable adsorbent for several dyes [Rhodamine B (RhB), basic fuchsin, malachite green, congo red, and indigo carmine] demonstrated the nanocomposite’s overall high potential for removal of dyes from industerial wastewater. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous, thermodynamically favorable and physisorption of RhB molecule onto TiCN nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba ions were successfully adsorbed using green NiFe2O4-NPs that were generated using Foeniculum vulgare seeds extract. To investigate the structural and textural characteristics of the adsorbent powder, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were conducted. The FTIR and EDX investigations revealed the formation of NiFe2O4-NPs as indicated by the elemental composition and the bonding patterns. Some remarkable properties, including the growth of crystallite size and lattice parameters, were reached due to the extract addition, as revealed further by XRD examination. The sorption results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the kinetic data were in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics. As a result of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged NiFe2O4-NPs surface and the positively charged Ba (II) ions, the adsorption process improved significantly above pHzc. The NiFe2O4 nanostructures with high competence for Ba2+ adsorption could be nominated to abolish additional harmful metal cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A successful exfoliation of g-C3N4 was achieved via ultrasonic power and ethanol as a solvent. The untreated (CN1) and treated (CN2) samples were characterized using various techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) ascertained the formation of a typical nitride entity with less intense peaks for the ultra-sonicated sample. The FTIR, EDX, and XPS data have jointly confirmed the formation of the target compound. By virtue of its enhanced BET surface area (277 m2 g−1) the treated samples could effectively adsorb 278 mg g−1 of Pb (II) in a considerably short time of 47 min. The adsorption phenomenon was found to abide with the second‵ order kinetics and adopt a Langmuir isotherm behavior. Lead (II) elimination showed high removal efficiency after up to four cycles of effective recycling. This study demonstrated that CN2 nanosheets might be approved as an effective and stable candidate for eliminating dangerous heavy metal pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examined the production of a V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite to remove organic dyes from wastewater. To generate the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, the sonication method was applied. The testing of V2O5-g-C3N4 with various dyes (basic fuchsin (BF), malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO)) revealed that the nanocomposite has a high adsorption ability towards BF, MG, CV, and CR dyes in comparison with MO dye. It was established that the modification of pH influenced the removal of CV by the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite and that under optimal operating conditions, efficiency of 664.65 mg g−1 could be attained. The best models for CV adsorption onto the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite were found to be those based on pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. According to the FTIR analysis results, the CV adsorption mechanism was connected to π–π interactions and the hydrogen bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ru-ZnO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite was made using a straightforward ultrasonication method and evaluated for its potential to remove Cd ions from aqueous environments. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms composite production with an average crystalline size of 6.61 nm, while transmission electron microscopy results indicate nanosheet-like nanomaterials with uniform elements distribution. Measurements of N2 adsorption–desorption reveal the creation of a mesoporous structure with a BET surface area of approximately 257 m2/g. Fourier converted infrared reveals vibrational modes for O-H, amino groups, triazine, and Ru-ZnO. In contrast, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation reveals the presence of the elements Ru, Zn, O, N, and C. Ru-ZnO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite has remarkable adsorption efficiency for aqueous Cd ions, achieving 475.5 mg/g in 18 min. This study reveals that the Ru-ZnO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite may be used as an effective and reusable adsorbent for removing Cd ions during wastewater treatment and, possibly, for eliminating other toxic metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]