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This paper is a short essay about Sergei L'vovich Sobolev (1908–1989), an outstanding mathematician of the 20th century, who made fundamental contributions to the development of the modern theory o...

This article examines the history of the transformation of the term "traditionalism" in literary criticism. The goal is to comprehend and theoretically substantiate the concept of "traditionalism" in the light of general questions of philosophy and the axiology of creativity; in particular, to investigate the invariant content of traditional creative consciousness (in the interconnection of its ontological and poetological aspects) and the prerequisites for its historical variability.

The research of the German criminal process reveals the main theoretical characteristics of theory of miscarriages of justice in German criminal procedure. The essential aspects of the doctrine of erroneous judgment are established. The conclusion about the significance of the doctrine of erroneous judgment for the modern theory of miscarriages of justice in Germany is formulated. Based on a comprehensive research of original German sources, the main provisions of the doctrine of erroneous judgment and the modern theory of miscarriages of justice in Germany are enunciated. The influence of discursive philosophy on theoretical ideas about criminal proceedings is established. The immediate practical applicability of these theories is rather low. In the author’s opinion, their importance, among other things, is that the problematics of miscarriages of justice in Germany are closely related to the concept of truth in criminal proceedings, which is uncharacteristically of Russian research in the designated area. Based on the analysis of German doctrine, the significance of theoretical provisions for establishing the truth in a criminal procedure is determined. A pragmatic, utilitarian German approach to the legislative formulation of truth in criminal proceedings is represented. The legislative recognition and interpretation of the truth in criminal proceedings are expressed. The correlation between the theoretical provisions on material truth and the theory of miscarriages of justice is confirmed. As the result of the research the functional meaning of truth for the theory and practice of criminal proceedings in Germany is enunciated. In addition, the German theoretic definition of the concept of «miscarriage of justice» is given. Characteristic of this concept are identified. The significance of the scientific conclusions of this article consists in determining the fundamental suitability of German dogma and theory for a comparative legal research of miscarriages of justice in Russia and Germany.

Most of the studies on the history of medicine, pay special attention to how the plague epidemics in 14th–16th centuries had changed the medical theory and practice. In the medical discourse, those epidemics helped to shape the “epistemology of particulars (particularia)” which contrast with the scholastic epistemology dealing with the search of universal causes. Marsilio Ficino, one of the most influential natural philosophers of the Renaissance, combines scholastic medicine and philosophy of ancient authors in order to develop his theory of epidemics in the treatises Consilio contra la pestilentia and De vita. He identifies the external and internal causes of plague and describes ways to combat the disease. The external cause is the constellations of planets which cause putrid exhalation in certain territories that is an example of conventional scholastic epistemology dealing with mass diseases. The internal cause is identified with the inability of the body to resist the disease “from within”. The main focus of my paper is the argument that, according to Ficino, philosophers have a special ability to resist disease “from within”. The figure of Socrates and his ability to withstand the Plague of Athens allows Ficino to formulate a new take on epidemics which falls within the scope of “epistemology of particulars”. From the historical point of view, the novelty of my approach comes from the fact that I trace the source of Ficino’s knowledge about Socrates’ disease resistance ability to Noct. Att. 2.1. of Aulus Gellius. Ficino’s natural philosophy suggests that a philosopher from their very birth is “by nature” predisposed to philosophical contemplation, therefore the realization of their vital destination through multiple sympathetic connections affects all levels of the universe. Ficino’s doctrine has a social and political dimension since a philosopher (i.e. a platonist), attracting positive astral influences, levels the effect of negative “heavenly” causes of mass diseases and thus benefits all people around him. Thus, the practice of philosophy (i.e. Platonism in Ficino’s interpretation) during epidemics is not simply a form of leisure time or private activity for a philosopher but a form of concern for public health. The paper also offers a commented Russian translation of chapters 1–2, with the Proem, of Ficino’s treatise Consilio contra la pestilentia.

The article examines the understanding of exclusion procedures in the theory and philosophy of culture. The methodological framework for studying the practices of gerontological, penitentiary, ethnic and religious exclusion in modern culture is determined. The heuristic potential of the decolonial optics and the metamodern approach in the study of exclusion practices in modern culture is revealed, which, in particular, manifests itself in changing the principles of representation of cultural traumas. Replacing the postmodern construction of the narrative about the experience of the traumatized and excluded on the principle of “shock and show” with a metamodern new sincerity allows us to move away from commodification and stigmatization. The article analyses the current trends in the construction of relationships with the Other in postcolonial discourse, decolonial optics, trauma studies, memory studies, and metamodernism.

35 years ago, a new subject informatics was appeared in the schools of the Soviet Union. Today it is believed that this was a landmark event that subsequently changed the entire system of education. But his path to school was not easy and quite long. The analysis is carried out which sciences have formed the methodological basis of informatics, which concepts have determined its content, and which of the scientists stood at its origins. It is considered what factors influenced the content of the first textbook of informatics and subsequent ones, how the domestic informatization of education was born, how a new pedagogical specialty "teacher of informatics"was created. It is noted which works of scientists, authors and research teams formed the basis of modern theory and methods of teaching information and informatization of education. It is shown how the content of the subject changed, what factors influenced, as well as what problems are facing school informatics and in what direction its transformation will take place in the near future.

Zusammenfassung In dem Beitrag wird die kultursoziologische Klassenkonzeption von Andreas Reckwitz diskutiert. Es werden drei Kritikpunkte vorgebracht. Der erste bezieht sich auf die Gruppe prekarer Akademiker. Ihre Stellung in Reckwitz' Klassenschema bleibt unklar. Zweitens wird argumentiert, dass eine moderne Klassentheorie neben kulturellen Faktoren nach wie vor die gesellschaftliche Struktur von Positionen und Lebenschancen berucksichtigen muss. Drittens wird fur eine starker handlungstheoretische Fundierung der Klassenanalyse pladiert, die politische Konflikte an Formen der politischen Reprasentation im politischen Feld und politische Mobilisierungen koppelt. Schlieslich wird diskutiert, dass man zur Erklarung der gegenwartigen politischen Spannungen diese nicht nur als kulturelle Konflikte, sondern auch als Konflikte um Autoritat begreifen muss. Abstract The article discusses Andreas Reckwitz's cultural conception of class. Three points of criticism are raised. The first relates to the group of precarious academics. Their position in Reckwitz's class scheme remains unclear. Secondly, it is argued that a modern theory of class must still take into account the social structure of positions and life chances in addition to cultural factors. Thirdly, it argues for a stronger action-theoretical foundation of class analysis, linking political conflicts to forms of political representation in the political field and political mobilizations. Finally, it is discussed that in order to explain the current political tensions, they must be understood not only as cultural conflicts, but also as conflicts over authority.

The article studies the main lines of criticism of the theory of reflexive modernism. It is proved that in modern political science it unfolds around certain provisions of the theory of reflexive modernism. It is substantiated that Eurocentrism of the definition and interpretation of reflexive Art Nouveau, characteristic of the studies of U. Beck, A. Giddens, and J. Habermas, is criticized. A critical attitude towards eurocentrism of reflexive modernism provoked the formation of the idea of the probability and reality of the multiplicity of modernities (for example, Asian concepts of compressed modernity and enhanced modernization). It is proved that the most important vectors of criticism of the theory of reflexive modernism are: (1) the role and functions of political time and chronopolitics in different cultures and political systems; (2) the functional characteristics of political actors, primarily the state and citizen; (3) the scientific position according to which political and politics in the framework of the realities of reflexive modernism cannot remain in a stable form, therefore it is inevitable to identify new institutional characteristics of modernity that significantly expand the concept of radical modernism; (4) the need to clarify such a characteristic feature of reflective modernity as changing the system of control over the means of violence; (5) the search for the limits of application of the theory of reflexive modernism in the study of political processes in the modern world.

Le Cam’s first lemma is of fundamental importance to modern theory of statistical inference: it is a key result in the foundation of the Convolution Theorem, which implies a very general form of the optimality of the maximum likelihood estimate and any statistic that is asymptotically equivalent to it. This lemma is also important for developing asymptotically efficient tests. In this note we give a relatively simple but detailed proof of Le Cam’s first lemma. Our proof allows us to grasp the central idea by making analogies between contiguity and absolute continuity, and is particularly attractive when teaching this lemma in a classroom setting.

We present a comparative study between the structural, electronic and ferroelectric properties of pristine ZnO, Zn93.75Sr6.25O and Zn93.75Ba6.25O using first-principle calculations and the modern theory of polarization. In the comparison, the Sr-O and Ba-O bonds turn out to be larger than those of the undoped ZnO structure. This produces an increase in the volume of the supercell and a slight decrease in polarization of ZnO. Moreover, the directional nature of the shared charge distribution between the O and Zn ions confirms the presence of covalence in the Zn-O bonds and the maximum polarization was observed in pristine ZnO. The results reported in this study have led to an identification of key factors that govern the ferroelectric properties of doped ZnO.

Recent decades have seen a proliferation of literature on creativity, with no consensus about what it consists of. Chinese and Russian contributions throw new light on these debates because of their concern with economic and human development. By integrating this with the widely-used concept of the “creative industries,” a rigorous concept of creativity rooted in the notion of creative labor is proposed. This can be defined as non-mechanical labor which, in conjunction with Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has produced a mass market in products embodying the use-value of distinctness. The creative industries then emerge as a branch of the division of labor making intensive use of creative labor in combination with mental objects, such as scientific and artistic products. Software, itself a mental object, is an “instrument of mental production” in these industries, helping explain their potential contribution to human development, and the obstacles to this potential imposed by the commodity form.

The essence of career management of military personnel, as well as human resource management is to ensure that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are staffed with personnel of the appropriate competence to achieve their goals. The main task of human resources management is to find, effectively preserve professionally trained and motivated individuals who meet the needs of National Security and Defense of Ukraine.Today, the Human Resource Management System does not provide the necessary planning and management of individual careers and their further development at the proper level. The development of the Human Resource Management System is necessary for a more accurate planning of Armed Forces needs in personnel of certain qualifications for the medium and long term use.Human resource management strategy is the definition of ways to develop the necessary competence of all personnel and each of its employees individually. Human resource management is the foundation of management in any organization. Analyzing the structure of the Personnel Management System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and its tasks, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use the technology of Strategic Personnel Management.In the system of Strategic Career Management of military personnel, it is advisable to single out the static and dynamic components. The main part of the strategy is personnel, and the main system-forming factor is the goal of the organization. In the process of strategic activity, they solve problems, and tactical everyday tasks, determined by the strategy. The modern theory of personnel management must be adapted to a specific subject area.

The article discusses the main methods of argumentation in the judicial discourse of two large Russian lawyers of the second half of the 19 th century – A. F. Koni and F. N. Plevako for compliance with the argumentative scheme developed by the Cambridge School (D. Walton and others). The authors believe that, without any reliable theoretical support in connection with the decline of traditional rhetoric, the best jurists intuitively discovered the outlines that later laid the foundation for Ch. Perelman’s rhetoric. First of all, it was a question of quasi-logical arguments and arguments with which either reality is constructed or the subjective position of the person involved in the rhetorical process is affirmed.

When it comes to the theoretical and analytical approach and the study of the category of knowledge, one of the most frequently asked questions is the question of how far our knowledge reaches and what are its manifestations. Modern theory of knowledge, based on the postulates of ancient thinkers and philosophers of classicism, speaks of three types of knowledge: - propositional knowledge, - acquaintance knowledge and - "how to" knowledge. The paper presents, explains and argues the basic characteristics of these types of knowledge according to the clasivication of philosophers and epistemologists Noah Lemos and Tim Sprod. Also, the differences between the two general views on the nature of the justification of knowledge, i.e. internalism an externalism, are presented and explained, followed by the naming of numerous factors that accompany them.

In this article I have examined Dr. C.R.Yaravintelimath's adventurous translation of Allamaprabhu's Kannada vacanas, which are said to be the most difficult ones to understand and interpret, as they are loaded with obscure symbolism derived from the mystical and metaphysical tradition of Virasaivism in particular and of pan-Hinduism in general. I have analyzed this translation in the light of modern theory of translation and shown hoe the element of foreignization outweighs that of domestication and suggested the need for the interpretation of Allamaprabhu's vacanas in translation from a larger perspective of Comparative Indian and World Literature, especially mystic literature.