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Purpose: This article aims to analyze entrepreneurs’ perceptions about the contributions of Model C in modeling their social businesses. Originality/value: The study contributes theoretically and empirically when addressing social businesses linked to opportunities and their development challenges by using the Model C tool in its modeling, exploring institutional integration, and allowing a holistic, systemic structure of value creation activities. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a qualitative method of a descriptive type based on multiple cases in three Brazilian social businesses. For data collection, an interview script developed from the analysis categories of the Model C framework was applied, as well as the interviewees’ perception of how the tool helps the development of their business model, direct observation, and documentary analysis. The analysis of the results was performed with the aid of the software ATLAS.ti. Findings: Based on the assumption that a social business model mixes several institutional logics, combining social and financial missions in a balanced way, the results show that Model C can structure the business’s organizational capacity and social value. However, it cannot fully quantify the financial value generated by social businesses, leading the social entrepreneur to use complementary financial tools. There is evidence for the creation of new tools that assist in obtaining innovative solutions to address societal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the intersection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and businesses at the base of the pyramid (BOP) in Brazilian Multinational Companies (MNCs) in a Meso-level analysis. After analyzing fifty Brazilian MNCs, we identified six MNCs that were engaged in business activities in BOP-markets (Banco Bradesco S.A., Banco do Brasil S.A., Artecola Quimica, Vale S.A., Natura &Co Holding S.A., and Klabin S.A.). Data were collected by desk research by analyzing companies’ public documents and reports. Subsequently, we conducted qualitative content analysis to synthesize the main findings. Through analysis of the MNCs’ business activities in BOP markets, and comparing them with CSR theory, it was found that it is hard to find the exact point where these companies’ activities stop being specific organizational actions and policies aimed to match the expectations of stakeholders (CSR) to become businesses in the BOP markets, which is the possibility of reducing poverty through profitable activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los antecedentes muestran la correlación positiva en cuanto a la Contabilidad Social con respecto a desarrollos sostenibles en lo económico, social y financiero, donde se evaluaron aspectos, tales como; el costo de la mano de obra, la gestión del conocimiento, el capital intelectual, condiciones ambientales de trabajo y el adecuado manejo de la contabilildad social con respecto a la rentabilidad económica y el valor económico agregado. Otros trabajos, no menos importantes, involucran la gestión estratégica y el uso de la tecnólogia y robótica como herramientas de efectividad y productividad en los procesos. El germen de interés actual busca “Determinar el efecto de la Contabilidad Social en el Modelo de Negocios Empresariales”, mediante un análisis cualitativo durante el período 2019-2024. La metodología PICOT permitió analizar la documentación con los siguientes criterios: fase preparatoria: incluye las bases de datos Google Académico, Dialnet, Scopus, Ryalnet y Scielo. Criterios de inclusión y exclusión: involucra artículos relacionados con la Contabilidad Social, publicados en ingles o español durante el período mencionado. Nivel de comparación: muestra la relación o correlación entre variables o el efecto de estas con resultados económicos, de productividad o eficiencia. Fialmente, muestra los resultados como efecto en los modelos de negocios. En su aplicación, se seleccionaro 71 artículos de 400 posibles con los siguientes hallazgos: omisión de secciones e informes no monetizados en las normas internacionales, NIIF, uso de la economía verde y economía circular en la reutilización del desperdicio como materia prima y, adopción de la inteligencia artificial y robótica como mejora en la competitividad empresarial. Estos hallazgos no han sido adoptados de manera masiva por las empresas, aun cuando, fortalecen las relaciones con sus consumidores en cuanto a imagen, reputación empresarial y renta, probablemente; ante la falta de fórmulas y mecanismos que demuestren el beneficio con respecto al monto invertido.

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Este artigo teve o objetivo de compreender como funciona o modelo de negócio das Dark Kitchens no contexto da cidade de Salvador/Bahia. A pesquisa seguiu abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório, utilizando como método de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com empreendedores de Salvador que possuem empresas enquadradas nas premissas básicas de uma Dark Kitchen, além de atuarem em diferentes segmentos alimentícios. Os resultados obtidos, além de apresentarem o funcionamento de uma cozinha por aplicativo em Salvador, indicaram similaridades que permitem a estruturação de um modelo de negócio padrão para esses restaurantes virtuais, tendo como alicerce as nove diretrizes do Modelo Canvas: parcerias-chave, atividades-chave, recursos-chave, canais, segmento de clientes, relacionamentos com o cliente, estrutura de custo, fontes de receitas e proposta de valor.

Resumo Este ensaio teórico tem abordagem crítica e busca explorar as teorias relacionadas com modelos de negócios, bem como as capacidades dinâmicas baseadas em conhecimento no cenário de transformação digital. Em primeiro lugar, são apontados os principais fundamentos que conceituam os temas modelos de negócios (MNs), inovação nos modelos de negócios (IMNs), transformação digital (TD) e capacidades dinâmicas baseadas em conhecimento (CDBC). Na sequência, são apresentadas e discutidas as 2 proposições encontradas. Defende-se que a capacidade digital é dinâmica, uma vez que afeta a capacidade de conhecimento da empresa, assim como pode vir a estimular a capacidade digital. Propõe-se também que não somente a capacidade dinâmica baseada em conhecimento é necessária para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de negócios sustentável; a emergência de lucros imediatos pode afetar o modelo de negócios da empresa. O presente ensaio traz contribuições teóricas que poderão ser utilizadas em trabalhos futuros, além de contribuições práticas e gerenciais que poderão ser aproveitadas por gestores e tomadores de decisão.

Las empresas turísticas se enfrentan con el enorme desafío de incidir en los propósitos de desarrollo sustentable ante las problemáticas económicas, sociales y ambientales. La innovación sustentable aparece como respuesta a este reto y, cada vez más, está tomando mayor relevancia en los diversos campos de la investigación. El objetivo del artículo es analizar el conocimiento de frontera en torno a la innovación sustentable para la constitución de una agenda de investigación aplicable a las empresas turísticas. La metodología consistió en una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica contenida en la base de datos Web of Science, siguiendo las pautas de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión de la Declaración PRISMA. Los resultados muestran que la innovación sustentable es un concepto nuevo y sus implicaciones van desde la formulación de modelos de negocios, la gestión en la cadena de suministro y los grupos de interés. Asimismo, las alianzas y redes colaborativas junto con las capacidades de aprendizaje, gestión del conocimiento y comercialización, son conductores en el desarrollo de innovaciones sustentables. El valor del trabajo radica en ser una exploración de temas de investigación para atender las necesidades de las empresas turísticas.

The rapid growth of research in the social impact business area, its emerging nature, and inspiration from different disciplines contribute to forming a very fragmented literature without dominant structures. Faced with this conceptual fragmentation and aiming to contribute to the strengthening of discussions in the academic environment, the present study proposes to carry out a bibliometric mapping of the scientific production built around the theme, considering international publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) between 1945 and 2020 to provide a comprehensive, longitudinal view of field development. The analysis of the evolution of publications; the authors who publish the most and the most cited; the most relevant articles; the most influential journals; the most frequent terms; and co-citation networks points out that there is a growth in academic production at a global level, marked by a wide variety of topics, the most relevant being: the tensions and dilemmas arising from the pursuit of paradoxical goals; the social and economic perspectives; behavioral/cultural dimensions; the variety of enterprises that fit this profile; the conceptual aspects; issues related to organizational hybridity; and the potential of these organizations in reducing social inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Historicamente, as matérias de exatas são as mais temidas pela maioria dos alunos. Segundo o Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos, em 2018, os estudantes da faixa etária entre 15 e 16 anos, estavam abaixo do nível em conhecimentos matemáticos. Tais dificuldades não ocorrem apenas durante ensino fundamental e ensino médio, mas também no ensino técnico e superior. Partindo desse contexto de dificuldades na aprendizagem das matérias de exatas, o objetivo desse artigo é realizar estudo prospetivo acerca de plataformas digitais e propor uma plataforma que ofereça serviços de aulas de reforço em matérias de exatas de modo diferenciado. Espera-se contribuir com a mitigação das dificuldades dos alunos naquelas matérias. Tal pesquisa é classificada como qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. A busca de anterioridade foi realizada na platoforma do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial e espacenet. Ao final, verificou-se que há poucos e recentes (a partir de 2010) desenvolvimentos protegidos por patentes nacionais ou internacionais, ou ainda programas de computador, relacionados a plataformas direcionadas para a melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem e que nenhuma destas tecnologias refere-se a uma proposta de plataforma digital que operacionalize a oferta de aulas de reforço, principalmente com foco nas matérias de exatas, incluindo, entre outros: onde encontrar tais serviços;diferentes opções de valores a serem pagos, bem como possibilidade de estorno; distâncias envolvidas e informações do professor ou professora, quanto à sua formação e seu histórico de avaliação por parte de outros(as) discentes.

The study sought to analyze the influence of the adoption of innovation practices oriented towards sustainability in the modification of the business model of industrial companies. The research scope was comprised of 104 companies. For data analysis, the multiple linear regression technique was used, through the method of ordinary least squares. It is evident that all variables related to innovation practices oriented towards sustainability have moderate to high intensity rates. Furthermore, it was possible to identify variables which help companies modify their business models in order to adopt decisions in favor of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 2016, Awto, the first carsharing system in Chile, was launched through an initiative of the Kaufmann group, representative of Mercedes Benz in the country since 1950. After an investment of 2 million dollars, this business was put into operation with 5 stations and 45 cars. A year later they had 2,500 users, a fleet of 90 cars and 45 stations, and they were also located in 12 of the 32 districts of Santiago, where 5.6 million people lived in 2016. The company pointed out: "The Kaufmann group was aware that, in Chile, it was looking for new measures for high congestion, users were willing to change their lifestyle given the high pollution, noise and stress...and simply... you no longer know what to do...". The proposal consisted of the implementation of a system that sought the entry of a carsharing car to replace the use of 10 private cars, allowing the clearing of streets, since there was no longer enough space for each inhabitant to have a car. By using Awto, environmental pollution was reduced, since the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) was reduced by generating a charge for use and time, creating a more rational use of the car. The creation of comfort for the user was encouraged, since he or she did not have to deal with "third parties" or do paperwork, maximizing his or her time to dedicate it to other activities. At the same time, car expenses for the customer were optimized because they were included (gasoline, insurance, maintenance, cleaning, etc.), which generated very significant savings in the consumer's pocket. Strictly speaking, the private car was unoccupied 95% of the time, while carsharing cars could be in use up to 50% of the time (Awto, 2020). The company's results so far were encouraging. Since its inception in 2016, and in a sustained manner, Awto has managed to increase its monthly income by 19%, as well as the average number of trips that amounted to 60 in mid-2017. Aspects such as flexibility, ease of use, savings for customers, improvements in the user experience, environmental and sustainability benefits associated with the service, as well as a marketing strategy to reach the appropriate customer, were important advantages that explained the success of the company to that date. Encouraged by the results, in mid-2017, Francisco Loehnert, who was the CEO of Awto, was analyzing with his team what the next step would be to continue growing. In particular, he wondered how attractive the business model was in a way that would allow Awto to continue to grow successfully. Undoubtedly, there were significant challenges and barriers to continue growing, so the executives asked themselves: will the company have to modify its operating model to address the different characteristics of location and market? How relevant is the eventual existing competition? What does Awto face? What should be the strategic planning for future growth in the Chilean market? And are the marketing and communications strategies used in Santiago easily replicable for other cities? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The main research purpose is the identification of the Key Success Factors (KSF) for Social Impact Startups (SST) and how they face an emergency context (like COVID-19 pandemic) under female management as Business Model Innovation (BMI) design to the next normal Methodology: This research applies a known KSF for the author's SST proposal framework published in 2021, composed of 6 factors and 30 variables. Hence, this work is extension research, but now, from the female management point of view. The survey data was on 400 Mexican social startup CEO as survivors in the 2020 second half. Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) extracts different outcomes to get the same solution as KSF for SST under female management. Results: The entrepreneurship profile factor is considered a core condition for male and female management. However, as gender-based features, Key Performance Indicators (KPF) are absent for male management, and Strategic Analysis is absent (STA) for female management as KSF for SST. The research's main value is the female management's characterization as business model innovation design to the next normal. Conclusion: There are subtle differences among gender management as KSF for SST that implying opportunities to take advantage of gender-based features as Business Model Innovation (BMI). The relationship KSF-SST for BMI in the case of female management needs to develop the factors Strategic Analysis (STA); Business Plan (BPL); Market Knowledge (MKK), Key Performance Indicators (KPI), and Value Proposition (VPN). Male management, for another side, the Key Performance Indicators (KPI); Strategic Analysis (STA); Business Plan (BPL), and Market Knowledge (MKK). For both cases, the Entrepreneur Profile (EPR) is strongly present («core condition»), and additionally (VPN) for male management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Palermo Business Review is the property of Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper investigates the phenomenon of Sharing Economy (EC) and aims to propose a literary analyse of the main trends in which EC is being studied. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review. The present paper was built upon a survey on the scientific data platforms Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Springer databases. We selected 146 papers extracted from raw data, which were then analyzed by content. Findings: In the analyzed papers, 06 main scientific biases were identified in which EC is studied, namely: business models for generating value and profit; business models that migrate from ownership orientation to access focused; sustainable business in a changing society; new ways of working; regulatory aspects and conceptual framework analyses. Originality: In a diverse Field such as EC, with different scientific approaches, 02 stand out the most: the first is the one of "social change", caused by a change in perpective, in which sharing continues to replace ownership, the second one refers to the emergence of new business models that are focused on building up organizational value and monetary profit, and don't necessarily intend to affect positive change, neither socially nor environmentally. This paper analyzes the main scientific biases identified, under which the EC has been studied. The findings indicate paths for further investigations by future researchers interested in this scientific Field, based upon what has been studied so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livio Barnafi Krause, pharmaceutical chemist and Business Manager at Laboratorio Barnafi Krause (BKlab) was in his office one morning in December 2018 preparing for the Board meeting he would be attending that afternoon. He was reminded of the call he had received in March of that same year that had opened in his mind the prospect of new business opportunities for the company, opportunities that the Board of Directors would be voting on at that meeting in December 2018. The call had come from a representative of the hospital of a health foundation belonging to a large copper mining company in Chile, who had asked him whether BKlab was in a position to become their provider of blood analysis services, specifically to detect the presence of heavy metals. The mining company representative said he was calling because of BKlab's prestige built thanks to its years of experience in the market. His main concern was that current legislation required that the laboratory complete and return the analysis of arsenic in the blood of the workers in less than 24 hours. The laboratory that was attending the company at the time took 45 days to deliver the results. Mr. Barnafi thought about what would happen if they decided to invest in this new business. He was confident of the economic strength of his company and that they had the resources available, but over and above these considerations, he thought about how this new business could add value to the Laboratory's other businesses. As he faced his Board meeting, he knew he had to be prepared to answer the following question: Was it a good idea to enter the heavy-metal testing business? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: the idea of this special issue is to explore in more detail how resilient, sustainable, and responsible business models could be developed. Methods: the papers selected for this special issue offer different approaches to study (a) the state of the art of this field and (b) methods and drivers for achieving the above goals. The research design used is systematic literature reviews, qualitative studies, quantitative studies, and case studies. Results: from the literature reviews, it becomes evident that the triple bottom line needs more sophisticated approaches including operationalization, analysis, discussion, or results of all the three dimensions. Further, several of the papers support recent research regarding the importance of the stakeholders. Conclusions: stakeholder participation emerges as an important research avenue for sustainable business model. Thus, the sustainable business models and the responsible research and innovation literature approach each other on this issue. Managerial implication is to focus on including and understanding its stakeholders. Political implication is to be aware of the context that businesses are operating in to create systems that make it possible to operate sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La forma en la que se hace negocios a cambiado en este nuevo siglo, tanto usuarios como productos y servicios requieren un nuevo enfoque al brindarlos como al consumirlos por lo cual es importante que dentro del proceso educativo sea visible e inclusivo este cambio en los modelos de negocio y crear una conciencia medioambiental que permita aprovechar los recursos económicos, humanos y ambientales. Exponer este nuevo concepto y proceso, su objetivo e inclusión en el proceso universitario es el fin de la propuesta obteniendo como resultado el interés y la predisposición tanto de estudiantes como docentes, para lo cual se sugiere diferentes actividades para incluirla en el nuevo proceso educativo.

Objetivo: analizar las características del contexto que están impulsando la adopción de un enfoque circular en los nuevos modelos de negocio, reconociendo el papel fundamental que juega el consumidor en esta tendencia. Diseño metodológico: se basó en la revisión de artículos, informes y blogs que exponen el debate de la economía circular, se consultaron encuestas publicadas sobre el comportamiento de los consumidores. Para el análisis se identificaron las características que explican las tendencias y los patrones que inciden en la decisión de comprar en empresas con modelos sustentables y circulares. Resultados: se constata que los consumidores, en particular las generaciones jóvenes, son altamente sensibles a la narrativa de la crisis ambiental y a las tendencias que surgen en las redes llevándolos a adoptar estilos de vida que definen su decisión de compra, lo cual ha influido como un elemento determinante en la transición de los negocios hacia modelos sustentables y de economía circular. Limitaciones de la investigación: insuficiente información al ser un tema relativamente nuevo, los casos que se encuentran están dispersos y poco sistematizados. Hallazgos: la edad de los consumidores es clave para las decisiones de compra, los jóvenes son los que principalmente optan por alternativas de productos sustentables al ser más susceptibles a la influencia del discurso predominante y a la opinión de otros consumidores en las redes. Las empresas están realizando cambios en sus modelos para transitar hacia la economía circular, en atención a estos nuevos consumidores.

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La evolución del emprendimiento ha llevado al desarrollo y aplicación de diversas herramientas que permiten el logro de sus metas. Actualmente, los emprendedores consideran a la innovación y al modelo de negocios como dos objetivos fundamentales de su estructura por lo que hacen uso de metodologías que les permiten crear estrategias y propuestas de valor que generan un impacto positivo en la aceptación de sus productos y servicios. Design thinking, Lean startup y Business model canvas, representan tres instrumentos revolucionarios para el diseño e innovación de empresas y productos. Su uso ha sido popularizado por grandes empresas como Apple o IDEO. La presente investigación hace una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las tres herramientas de emprendimiento más utilizadas en México: Canvas, Design Thinking y Lean Startup; con el objetivo de analizar su estructura de aplicación y proponer un modelo de 11 pasos que permita medir el impacto que tienen las soluciones basadas en el diseño de un modelo de negocio, de una manera más integral.

Em momentos de instabilidade financeira, surgem dúvidas relacionadas ao mercado financeiro e à situação econômica de um país. Esses momentos são propícios para o surgimento de novos movimentos econômicos, como, por exemplo, a economia compartilhada. Entende-se como relevante desenvolver trabalhos que analisem a percepção da sociedade sobre os efeitos proporcionados pela economia compartilhada. Buscando contribuir neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a percepção de uma parcela dos cidadãos quanto aos efeitos econômicos e sociais proporcionados pela economia compartilhada no seu padrão atual de vida. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma survey com alunos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Dentre os principais resultados, percebeu-se que uma faixa de 67,9% a 83,3% dos respondentes concorda totalmente com a afirmativa de que a economia compartilhada gera impactos sociais e econômicos positivos, o que possibilita mudança no seu padrão atual de vida. Identifica-se que a economia compartilhada surge de uma dicotomia entre a oportunidade de gerar novos negócios e uma resposta a crises econômicas. Além disso, proporciona facilidade no momento de efetuar compras, conexão e contato entre pessoas conhecidas e desconhecidas, compartilhamento de informações através de sites de pesquisa e aplicativos de busca, além da possibilidade de fazer negócios e economizar dinheiro.

In the business world we are living in, we can see a number of innovations and attractions for new entrepreneurs, both in technology and services, that can bring some benefit to the customer. We can highlight as innovations as Startup companies, which are institutions to create new products and / or services under conditions of extreme uncertainty in the market. They are often small businesses, but have large amounts of growth due to the technological innovations they cause. It is noteworthy that not all have a guaranteed success and often ended by closing as doors, contributing to the increase in the rate of unsuccessful startups. In this article, we deal with the reasons that lead to high-growth startups going bankrupt. An unstructured business model, poorly designed planning, or even management without market knowledge that directly affects a startup's performance. The intent of this article is to expose the main causes that lead to bankruptcy institutions and the methods that make business viable to the path of success. The ultimate goal of this article is to show that an idea is not always sufficient to sustain, requiring entrepreneurship and management action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The diffusion of broadband internet services has brought about substantial changes in the business environment of traditional newspaper companies. Until then, they had sustained their operations by selling advertisements in their printed newspapers. Still, its readers shifted their habits and began to consume the online news provided by an increasing number of competitors. Consequently, managers had to change the business models of traditional newspaper companies through choices focused on meeting the controllers' short and medium-term demands. This paper analyzes the situation experienced by the New York Times, whose managers had to make choices about the new configuration of the company's business model, adjusting it both to the environment and the expectations of readers and controllers. We collected the data from the New York Times reports published between 2003 and 2012. Subsequently, we analyzed these data through the integrated activities framework and the theory of modal aspects. The results indicate that the managers changed the company's business model through choices that aimed to meet the short and medium-term demands of the controllers. Hence, the new model had limitations that would need further changes shortly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacao & Sociedade: Estudos is the property of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestão e Desenvolvimento (18075436) is the property of Universidade Feevale and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Companies are continuously looking for resources and skills which lead them to a higher performance. Companies should manage not only the resource access, but a collaborative strategy as well, which maximizes the benefits of a healthy and constructive interaction expected between customer and provider. This paper analyzes the case of a company accustomed to operate with a traditional business model, and the paradigm shift that was necessary as a result of its exposure to the new customer’s requirements and demands for total openness, cooperation and transparency.

This article presents an overview of the literature on strategic approaches of business models. Its objective is to propose a classification to delimit future lines of work that reconcile the different tendencies that the investigations in this area present. The methodology used combines the systematic search with the narrative. The web platform Tree of Science was used to carry out the systematic review, while the narrative search is done through consultation in the main journals that publish on the subject. Seven strategic approaches are identified: prescriptive, cognitive, contextual, learning, cultural, sustainable and integrative. It is concluded that the most consolidated perspectives are prescriptive and learning, followed by contextual and sustainable. The least developed approaches are the cognitive, cultural and integrative, emerging as promising lines of research. The sustainable approach requires additional research, since it is recognized as one of the challenges that businesses face, emerging as a promising line of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)