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This article is concerned with a distributed filtering problem for Markov jump systems subject to the measurement loss with unknown probabilities. A centralized robust Kalman filter is designed by using variational Bayesian methods and a modified interacting multiple model method based on information theory (IT-IMM). Then, a distributed robust Kalman filter based on the centralized filter and a hybrid consensus method called hybrid consensus on measurement and information (HCMCI) is designed. Moreover, boundedness of the estimation errors and the estimation error covariances are studied for the distributed robust Kalman filter.

The Indonesian Red Cross is a national association organization in Indonesia that is engaged in the social and humanitarian field. One of PMI's main activities is blood donation. Currently, in handling the need for blood donors, UDD PMI Banyumas Regency has a system that helps in the donor process, namely SIMDONAR. SIMDONAR is an information system from the central IT provided to UDD PMI Banyumas Regency in the operation of blood donors, but in some aspects of blood donation, such as donor recording and notification of donor scheduling to donors, there is still no available so that it can run efficiently. Data collection in the blood donor history recording system still cannot be recorded properly, causing donors to also not be able to know the history of the last donor, when and how many times the donor has donated, there is also no notification of blood donor scheduling for donors, this makes the information conveyed to donors is incomplete so that donors are confused in taking action when to donate again. Therefore, to support the smooth running of the blood donor system, it is necessary to rebuild an appropriate information system that can provide a solution for the process of recording blood donation history at UDD PMI Banyumas Regency. The purpose of this system is to provide accurate and efficient information related to blood donation history records, and scheduling notifications to officers and donors. The benefit of this system is that it helps provide information related to donor history records for UDD PMI Banyumas Regency so that they can find out donor history records from donors, also helps donors to find out donor history or how many times the donor has donated blood. In this case, the system development method uses the prototype model method. Based on the results of the benefit test, the average value of the Efficiency value is 98.33%, the Usability value is 94.33%, the Correctness value is 95.56%, the Integrity value is 96.67%, and the Testability value is 96.67%. From the results of the benefit test, it can be concluded that the development of this system can be applied and used to facilitate the process of recording blood donor history and notification of blood donor scheduling at UDD PMI Banyumas Regency.

In this paper, an auxiliary-model method is proposed for calculating equivalent input seismic loads in research of ground motions. This method can be used to investigate the local effect of 3D complex sites subjected to obliquely incident SV and P waves. Using this method, we build a fictitious auxiliary model along the normal direction of the boundary of the area of interest, with the model’s localized geological features remaining the same along a vector normal to this boundary. This model is divided into five independent auxiliary models, which are then dynamically analyzed to obtain the equivalent input seismic loads. Unlike traditional methods, in this new technique, the mechanical behavior of the auxiliary model can be nonlinear, and its geometry can be arbitrary. In addition, a detailed description of the steps to calculate the equivalent input seismic loads is given. Numerical examples of incident plane-wave propagation at uniform sites with local features validate the effectiveness of this method. It is also applicable to elastic and non-elastic problems.

Oil production and water cut prediction is one of the most important research contents of reservoir production performance analysis. The growth curve method has the advantages of the general water drive curve method and the combined solution model method with fewer parameters and simple and fast calculation process and so it has been widely used in well production prediction. Based on the analysis of 4W and 4Y4 model growth curves, a new generalized growth curve of the well production performance is proposed. The new model can forecast cumulative oil production, annual oil production, and water cut at different oilfield development periods. A MATLAB program was developed to derive the parameters in the new model. The built model was applied to the production data of the Samattalol oilfield and Daqing oilfield. The predicted cumulative oil production, annual oil production, and water cut are all close to the actual production data, and satisfactory results are obtained, which demonstrates the practicability and reliability of the new model.

Scattering photon burst counting (SPBC) is a single-particle detection method, which is based on measuring scattering photon bursting of single nanoparticles through a detection volume of

Waste plastic (WP) thermal pyrolysis is a promising method which could utilize WP to produce fuels. This study investigated this method to provide a direction for prospective industrial and commercial productions. The process temperature, the WP conversion and the pyrolysis rate are the decisive factors for industrial applications. Therefore, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments were conducted at different heating rates to obtain the experimental WP mass fraction, the WP conversion and the pyrolysis rate, which varied with the temperature and heating rate. Furthermore, a neural fuzzy model and a genetic algorithm (GA) were adopted to determine the optimal operating conditions over different temperature ranges. The neural fuzzy model-predicted WP conversion and pyrolysis rate were highly consistent with the experimental results, indicating the high accuracy of the neural fuzzy model method for this application. Moreover, the WP conversion and the pyrolysis rate optimized by the GA were 97.68% at 5.00 °C/min and 497.89 °C, and 60.66 wt%/min at 20.00 °C/min and 492.09 °C, respectively.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is harmful to health. For the elderly who have smoked for a long time, smoking is likely to cause serious harm to their health. OBJECTIVE: This study was to explore the impact of smoking in the elderly, with Life-Course-Adjusted Number of Cigarettes Smoked per Day (LCS) and the Current Numbers of Cigarettes Smoked per Day (CCS) involved. METHODS: The control chart method and model method were adopted to study and analyse the lifestyle and health of the elderly. RESULTS: The value of LCS gradually increased with the age of the research subject. The elderly also faced high health risks of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and respiratory diseases. In addition, the corresponding OR values of the CCS value and the three diseases risks were all less than 1, proving that the CCS value and the three diseases risks were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The elderly health risk assessment based on reliable theory played a very important role in the health management of the elderly. Attention should be paid to the health risk assessment of the elderly in the follow-up research.

This study investigated the role of the bar model method, a significant aspect of the Singapore mathematics curriculum, in the remediation of seventh-grade students’ errors on algebra word problems...

The entrepreneurial spirit of students needs to be cultivated as it can help them to open various opportunities, explore self-potential and earn maximum income, and help the society to create new jobs. Entrepreneurial activities must be well planned and analyzed, and outlined in a business plan to increase the chance of success and minimize the risk. It is difficult to provide real entrepreneurial experiences in courses. Therefore, supporting media is needed. The aim of this research was to produce a simulation game application which provides students with a virtual entrepreneurial experience, in a form of e-commerce. The ADDIE development model method was used, which divided the development stages into five steps: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The final product was a simulation game application that requires the player to carry out 5 stages. The player must create a business plan by deciding and modifying the values of the various variables provided in each stage. Validation by an expert in the content showed that the game was categorized as very good as they obtained an average score of 4.36 (on a scale of 0-5). Meanwhile, the expert in media obtained an average score of 4.47, which showed the game as very good. Moreover, this game application was well received by the users and their average score was 4.53. Keywords: simulation game, e-commerce, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial

The present study focuses on introducing the concept of optimisation and proposing a model, including evaluation of image quality, to be used in the clinical routines where image-guided intervention is being performed. The overall aim of the study was to develop a model for evaluating the use of imaging in X-ray-guided interventional procedures and its possible implications on optimisation of radiation protection. In the search for an adequate evaluation model, data from endovascular interventions of the aorta (EVAR procedures) were used. The procedure was schematically described in steps. Every imaging event was connected to the steps in the medical procedure and was also described with the purpose of the imaging event. Available technical, as well as procedural parameters, were studied and analysed. Data were collected from the X-ray equipment for 70 EVAR procedures and, out of these, 12 procedures were randomly selected to be recorded on video to understand the procedure better. It was possible to describe the EVAR procedures in a general way with explanations of the clinical purpose connected to each imaging event. Possible quality parameters of the procedure were identified for the imaging events (radiation dose, image quality). The model method still needs to be refined and will then be applied to clinical data and to other clinical procedures to test the validity.

In the present study, the extraction of pectin from banana peel (Musa sp.) was optimized using artificial neural network and response surface methodology on the yield and degree of esterification obtained using microwave-assisted extraction methods. The individual, quadratic and interactive effect of process variables (temperature, time, liquid–solid ratio and pH) on the extracted pectin yield and DE of the extract were studied. The results showed that properly trained artificial neural network model was found to be more accurate in prediction as compared to response surface model method. The optimum conditions were found to be temperature of 60 °C, extraction time of 102 min, liquid–solid ratio of 40% (v/w) and pH of 2.7 and within the desirable range of the order of 0.853. The yield of pectin and degree of esterification under these optimum conditions were 14.34% and 63.58, respectively. Temperature, time, liquid–solid ratio and pH revealed a significant (p

We propose the use of balanced item parcels to account for method effects caused by acquiescent responding. The use of balanced parcels avoids the need to model method effects explicitly and results in a parsimonious specification of measurement and full structural equation models in the presence of unwanted method effects, particularly when a scale consists of a relatively large number of items. Balanced item parcels are sums or averages of individual items consisting of an equal number of regular and reversed items measuring the same construct. When regular and reversed items are combined into parcels, method effects cancel out (assuming that the method effects affecting the regular and reversed items in a parcel are equal in magnitude), and model fit and parameter estimates will no longer be negatively affected by acquiescent responding. We discuss why balanced item parceling works and when it is likely to prove beneficial, and we present a step-by-step procedure explaining how to use balanced item parceling in practice. We also report a brief hypothetical example to illustrate the proposed approach.

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of jigsaw cooperative learning model method on learning outcomes of Islamic Education in the material closer to Allah SWT, whose name is very beautiful. The research method used was experimental one group pretest-posttest design and the data used was quantitative data. The subjects of this study were students of class VII A SMPI Al-Iistiqomah. With a total of 30 students consisting of 18 boys and 12 girls. The results of the study were obtained using the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model. The results of data analysis techniques using the t test formula on the pretest and posttest data. The results showed t count 10,6086 > t tabel 2,0484, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of the cooperative learning model on learning outcomes of Islamic education

Nuclear power plants contain several monitoring systems that can identify the in-vessel phenomena of a severe accident (SA). Though a lot of analysis and research is carried out on SA, right from the development of the nuclear industry, not all the possible circumstances are taken into consideration. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of the safety of nuclear power plants, additional analytical studies are needed that can directly monitor severe accident phenomena. This paper presents an interacting multiple model (IMM) based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approach for the identification of in-vessel phenomena to provide the accident propagation information using reactor vessel (RV) out-wall temperature distribution during severe accidents in a nuclear power plant. The estimation of wall temperature is treated as a state estimation problem where the time-varying wall temperature is estimated using IMM employing three multiple models for temperature evolution. From the estimated RV out-wall temperature and rate of temperature, the in-vessel phenomena are identified such as core meltdown, corium relocation, reactor vessel damage, reflooding, etc. We tested the proposed method with five different types of SA scenarios and the results show that the proposed method has estimated the outer wall temperature with good accuracy.

Wafer warpage, which mainly originated from thermal mismatch between the materials, has become serious in wafer level packaging (WLP) as larger diameter and thinner wafers are required currently. In this paper, three-dimensional wafer warpage profile and the warpage evolution during typical fan-in WLP processes including wafer thinning process were characterized in situ. Special attention was paid to the bifurcated phenomenon. Prior to the wafer thinning process, the wafer deformed into a bowl shape which was caused by polyimide (PI) curing. A distinct bifurcation behavior appeared and the wafer warped into a cylindrical shape when the wafer was thinned below 270 μm. This bifurcation behavior was systematically analyzed by theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). Equivalent material model method and perturbation method were employed to simplify the FEA model and incur the bifurcation behavior, respectively.

Based on the multi-model principle, the fuzzy identification for nonlinear systems with multirate sampled data is studied. Firstly, the nonlinear system with multirate sampled data can be shown as the nonlinear weighted combination of some linear models at multiple local working points. On this basis, the fuzzy model of the multirate sampled nonlinear system is built. The premise structure of the fuzzy model is confirmed by using fuzzy competitive learning, and the conclusion parameters of the fuzzy model are estimated by the random gradient descent algorithm. The convergence of the proposed identification algorithm is given by using the martingale theorem and lemmas. The fuzzy model of the PH neutralization process of acid-base titration for hair quality detection is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Objectives The Prevalence Incidence Analysis Model method is used for predicting disease prevalence, using past data on incidence and relative survival. Our objective was to propose and evaluate a modified approach for choosing the Prevalence Incidence Analysis Model. Study Design and Setting Instead of the standard approach using the likelihood ratio statistic, we find the model that predicts most successfully the prevalence in the last available Y years using data up to but not including those Y years and then use that model to predict future prevalence another Y years ahead using all the data. We also make an “alignment” adjustment using the last known prevalence level. We evaluate the relative performance of the modified and standard methods using data on cancer from Israel in 1983–2013. Results In this example, the modified approach gave as good or better predictions than the standard. Using the modified approach, we forecast cancer prevalence in Israel for 2014–2024 to increase at a gradually accelerating rate from the current 10,000 per year to 12,000 per year by 2020, reaching a total of 380,000 by 2024. Conclusion The modified approach may offer improved forecasting, but further methodological work on forecasting cancer prevalence is needed.

Since ancient times, human beings began to understand the periodicity of their own activities. In modern times, people gradually found that the movement of living matter followed a specific space-time law and put forward the concept of biological rhythm. The biological rhythm of human body is a cycle theory that takes the body of each person as a research object and reveals the laws of physical strength, emotion and intelligence of human body. Based on this concept, this paper carries out a detailed analysis and discussion on the athlete biological rhythm, proposes a new human biological rhythm calculation method called cosine model method. The results are obtained by observing athletes for a period of time. According to the inherent tri-rhythm of human body using the description, statistics and analysis, a mathematical model is established to objectively and quantitatively describe the characteristics of biological data. That allows us to predict biorhythms.

The objective of this research is to examine the social behaviours of 4 age group pre-school children whose parents are married and divorced according to teacher opinions. Screening model method ha...

In order to further to improve the monitoring accuracy of soil moisture spatial and temporal changes in Guangxi, this paper uses MODIS, Landsat8, ASTER GDEM data and measured relative soil moisture data as data sources. According to the design idea of complementary advantages, the EVI value of Landsat8 image is partitioned, and the relative soil moisture is inverted by ATI model method in the area of EVI≤0.33, and the relative soil moisture is inverted by TVDI model in the area of EVI>0.33. The apparent thermal inertia model (ATI) and the temperature vegetation drought index model (TVDI) was used to invert the relative soil moisture in Guangxi. The results show that the temporal variation of relative soil moisture in the study area in 2017 is the change cycle from rising to falling: the rising period is from January to July, and the falling period is from August to December, in which the relative soil moisture reaches the peak in July. The minimum value are December; the relative soil moisture in the north of Guangxi are generally higher than that in southern Guangxi. The correlation between the relative soil moisture value of the ATI model and the TVDI model partition retrieval and the measured relative soil moisture data is higher, and the relative soil moisture retrieval effects is better.

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship and influence of Brand Equity, and Perceived Product Quality on Customer Value and have impact toward Purchase Intention of Mosquito Trap Zz One on company PT Global Indoraya Lestari. The respondent of this study is consumer that domiciled in Jakarta. This study uses Structural Equationg Model method to measure the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. In this study collected data uses questionnaire spread and achieve 100 respondent. The result of this study show the significance of relationship and influence of Brand Equity and Perceived Product Quality on Customer value toward Purchase Intention. But have one variables Perceived Product Quality not have significance individualy toward Purchase Intention on mosquito trap Zz One. FFK

The research carried out aims to identify, reduce, and hopefully eliminate waste on the Injection Phylon production line using the lean manufacturing concept. One of the tools in lean manufacturing, namely the Waste Assessment Model (WAM) is used to identify waste in the production process. Using the WAM method, it was found that inventory waste is a critical waste with a value of 21.41%, while the second place is defect waste with a value of 20.37% and the third is overproduction waste with a value of 17.49%. After calculating with WAM, calculations are performed using the Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT) to assist in seeing the mapping of existing waste. Using the VALSAT method with the Process Activity Mapping tools, it is found that storage is the largest activity with a value of 85.63%. The critical waste found in this study using WAM and VALSAT is inventory waste. Based on the fishbone analysis, it is found that the root cause of inventory waste is due to the absence of a real-time work order (SPK) information system in the production section and there is no standard identification of manufactured goods. Key Words: Lean manufacturing, waste assessment model, value stream analysis tools, fishbone

This chapter aims to examine the comparative economic performance of the United States versus China in the digital era. This chapter uses the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model method in comparing economic performance. The US economy was shaken quite significantly in 2008 due to the subprime mortgage crisis. On the other hand, China’s economic performance continues to improve. Based on the estimation results of China’s economic performance which continues to increase with faster economic growth than the United States, it is found that China has resistance to shocks from the 1997 crisis, the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis, and the European debt crisis in 2011 and has the potential to compete with the United States as the dominant country in economic terms. China’s economic growth is getting faster and faster since 1979. It indicates that China’s economy can surpass the US economy, which currently owns the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world.

The remaining useful life prediction of the aircraft engine is getting more difficult for its complex structure. Although the prediction methods have achieved certain success in practical application, there are some problems in the GM(1,1) model, such as model method biased, transformation inconsistent and first number of the initial sequence not functioning high precision prediction in model after an accumulated generating operation. Based on the grey prediction theory and with an analysis of the disadvantages of the GM(1,1) model, the improved GM(1,1) model is proposed by introducing linear time-vary terms. The model has been used for prediction and analysis with data of the aircraft engine system, the result shows that the proposed model has largely improves fitting and predicting precision, and widens the adaptation range.