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A survey among the consumers of North-Western region of Russia (St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya oblast) was carried out, to determine awareness and understanding of food labeling, as well as usefulness of various elements of food labeling.

Aluminium alloys are widely employed across numerous thanks to their superior combination of strength, lightweight characteristics and corrosion resistance. In recent years, Friction stir processing (FSP) has come up as a promising technique for machining aluminium alloys, enabling greater control over microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. This paper provides an in-depth exploration the impact of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys processed by FSP. The study focuses on the systematic investigation of the influence of the principle process parameters, including rotational speed, machining speed and applied pressure, on the microstructure and resulting mechanical performance of FSP machined aluminium alloys. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of FSP treated aluminium alloys are measured by a comprehensive set of tests, including tensile tests, hardness measurements and fracture tests. The relationship between process parameters and the mechanical behaviour of the alloys is analysed in detail to identify the optimum conditions for achieving the desired properties. Findings show that process parameters plays a significant role in defining the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing adoption of stainless steel primarily results from increased requirements concerning the resistance to corrosion in the applications and structures where they are used. The primary characteristic of austenitic steels lies in their ability to form a protective oxide layer on their surface, bolstering their resistance to oxidation. Within the category of corrosion-resistant steel types, austenitic steel stands out because of its robust mechanical properties. These steels are readily deformable, resistant to wear and, if needed, abrasive damage. Nonetheless, they are also susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking, intracrystalline corrosion, and pitting corrosion. This investigation explores the results that unveil distinct dissimilar samples of the half V joint. These samples were employed to scrutinize the heat-affected zones, both in the S235 and the 316L steel. Furthermore, the welded connections exhibited elevated hardness values when repairs were performed without access to all the previous information about their fabrication. After flux-cored arc welding, the S235 retains its original structure, while the 316L steel maintains its austenitic structure with sporadic bands of ferrite σ and chromium carbides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the category of nonconventional machining, the use of concentrated energy from ultrasonic mechanical oscillations has long been a practical solution for efficient technological utilization. This work comprehensively develops and addresses an algorithm for sizing circular cross-section ultrasonic concentrators determined by Bessel functions. Bessel functions are canonical solutions to the Bessel differential equation in cylindrical coordinates, as they appear in Laplace's equation or in spherical coordinates derived from Helmholtz's equation. In industrial applications, optimizing process parameters such as vibration amplitude, amplification factor, and mechanical stress in the concentrator is of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main elements of the analytical modelling are presented for the laser cutting process. Analytical models consider the physical phenomena that occur and formulate balance equations. In current approaches, analytical modelling is integrated into simulation using software dedicated to this purpose. This moves away from the formation and knowledge of elementary models. The technological applicability of analytical modelling is reduced compared to the empirical one, through correlation formulas, because the analytical model is either too general or too particular. The sequential treatment of a complex processing process and the modelling of physical phenomena that have a significant contribution can be a way to exploit analytical modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of welding technologies, the nonconventional approach brings great progress, based on the results of scientific research in the field. Controlled energy concentration helps a lot to increase technological performance while significantly reducing processing costs, especially by making equipment designed in a new vision, in line with new developments in other fields related to welding, such as electronics, electrical engineering and IT methods for intelligent assistance / monitoring of operations performed. The present experimental research draws attention to the application of the WIG (TIG) process in a temporary joint application (spot welded) of thin stainless-steel sheets, in optimal precision and economy conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When traditional machining methods reach their limit, electric discharge machining can be the answer. The EDM process allows for high accuracy and is applicable for any conductive material. Electric discharge machining does not use any force to remove material. Instead, an electric discharge occurs between workpiece and tool. In this case, a wire is used to "cut" the material. EDM involves the direction of high-frequency electrical spark discharges from a graphite or soft metal tool, which serves as an electrode, to disintegrate electrically conductive materials such as hardened steel or carbide. The technology management is set by policies and practices that positively influence technologies, in order to build, maintain and increase the competitive advantage of companies based on proprietary knowledge and know-how. Technology management is applied to the most appropriate managerial techniques to ensure that the technological factor is exploited to achieve the company's objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding and metalworking technologies, which use ultrasonic vibration either as a primary source to achieve the prescribed operation or as an auxiliary source to improve operation efficiency and product quality, are current in international and applied international research. By assisting the ultrasonic vibration welding process, certain advantages are ensured related to the improvement of the components' behavior during the process, as well as the mechanical properties and the final quality of the joints. These advantages which, compared to conventional processes, lead to remarkable and globalized applications of ultrasonic vibration in welding. The research undertaken within ISIM led to the development of an experimental model of friction welding with rotating active element (FSW - Friction Stir Welding), equipped with an ultrasonic assistance system (US). Specialized software programs were used for constructive simulation and sizing of appropriate sonotrodes, for the frequencies of 20, 35, and 40 kHz, developed and tested to interface them in the construction of the experimental model used. The joining parts on which the sonotrodes were tested is the aluminum alloy EN AW 1200. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abrasive Water jet cutting process fits in the category of unconventional dimensional processing technologies, based on the principle of erosion with complex fluid environments, kinetically activated. Currently, there are multiple researches for process optimization, especially taking into consideration the economic criteria, due to relatively higher costs present in the case of abrasive waterjet cutting. The paper presents a synthesis of a study started from research within the National R & D Institute for Welding and Material Testing - ISIM TIMIŞOARA, especially in the direction of increasing the efficiency of using the abrasive material associated with this cutting process. Several patented results regarding the recycling of used abrasive material in other fields are presented, as well as prospects for further research by studying other methods aimed at reducing costs without reducing the level of quality for abrasive water-jet cuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recent, the humanity relied heavily on fossil fuels to produce the needed energy. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, coal was used to produce steam used to produce mechanical power. A hundred years ago the oil came into action. Up to this day, humanity relies on oil for many reasons. Another fossil fuel used is the natural gas. Up until this day, this one is used even to heat up many houses but also for water heating. Latest developments reveal the so-called climate-change. Several years ago, polar caps melting have been noticed due to temperature rise. Scientists have also determined a rise of the CO2 concentration. To limit the effects of the CO2 increase, several countries have been agreed to reduce CO2 emissions. One possible way to reduce them is to limit the use of the fossil fuels. Using the natural energy (produced by the sun) is a way to achieve this reduction. This paper presents a control system which can be used to rotate a solar panel (for hot water or electricity production) to increase the absorbed energy. A low-cost sensor is the central piece in this system. A microcontroller-based system is used to control the two motors to rotate the panel. System parts are described and conclusions are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of industry demands increasing amounts of energy. Hence, there is a quest for obtaining and promoting nonconventional technologies by renewable energy whichfuels the quest for non-conventional technologies used in the field of energy. There are international regulations concerning the management of energy resources in general, which can be applied in managing the renewable energy resources. Romania joined the international efforts in the area of promoting renewable energy resources. The targets assumed (24% of the total energy produced in Romania by 2020 should come from renewable sources) can be achieved if the current regulations and management methods are followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lyophilization is an unconventional technology because food is first frozen and not heated. The lyophilization is a good method of freeze-drying for many kind of foodstuff for a beter preservation. The paper presents also some special equipment and the principal advantages of freeze-dried foodstuffs. It shows briefly and food behavior research methods in contact with the material they are made trays support during liofilizarii. Method to investigate changes in spectrometric structure is dried foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fisheries have traditionally been managed by direct restrictions, including seasonal and area closures, minimum mesh size, and access limitations. In recent years, licensing and an individual quota system were introduced as effort-control measures, in order to bring fishing effort more in line with the available resources. The overall responsibility for fisheries policy in Romania falls under auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development through its Directorate of Fisheries. The major objectives of Romanian fisheries are to bring the national fisheries legislation closer to the European Union (EU) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and to set up the administrative capacity and institutional building needed to cope with EU accession in 2007. In June 2001, Romania completed negotiations with EU in the area of fisheries, accepting the entire acquis communautaire without requesting any derogation or transition periods. The European Fisheries Fund will support Romania as a new EU Member State to develop a competitive, modern and dynamic fisheries sector, based on sustainable fishing and aquaculture activities, while also taking account of other important aspects such as environmental protection, the demands of the consumers and the food industry. The program is also expected to increase the competitiveness of the fisheries sector, encourage job creation and promote the growth of the aquaculture industry. The paper shows some aspects about Romanian fishery policy, an important opportunity for development research in fishery in fresh water from Banat region. Also, it is presents some research results about using the cereal feeding as fish's nutrition, in special for common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]