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This study extends on work investigating the increased application of mixed methods research in prehospital care. The complexity and diversity of the prehospital environment warrants flexibility and applicability to guide the research process, yet little attention has focused on the theoretical lens used in prehospital research when using mixed methods research. Pragmatism's characteristics of human inquiry, problem solving, and action align with a clinical reasoning approach, supporting the prehospital researchers epistemological understanding of the world. Through further exploration of this alignment, this article proposes pragmatism as a compatible theoretical lens for mixed methods in prehospital research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and cognitive impairment are disabling conditions that commonly occur together in older adults. The interaction is challenging when choosing appropriate measurement scales. This review aimed to summarize the scales to measure depression symptoms in older people with cognitive impairment, investigating how cognitive impairment is related to the choice of measurement, and how the setting may affect the choice of measurement. A scoping review of literature published between 2015 and 2021. After screening 1580 articles, 26 were included in the review with 11 different measures of depression symptoms identified. The measures mostly commonly used were the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q). Most studies did not report on the usability of depression scales used with people with cognitive impairment and only two scales (CSDD and NPI-Q, not GDS) have been validated for use with this population. Severe cognitive impairment was under-represented in the identified studies, and no association was detected between study setting, cognitive impairment and type of measure used. Clinicians and researchers should consider both the cognitive status of participants and the setting they live in when choosing a measure of depression symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the differences in treatment outcomes for patients who received subsidized complete dentures in private dental clinics and in public dental clinics over 20 years in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Between 2000 and 2019, 187 227 complete dentures were provided to eligible public patients by the Victorian public dental system. Of these, approximately 52% were provided to public patients in private clinics through the voucher system. Of the 97 107 participants who received denture care in private clinics, 70 818 were matched 1:1 by propensity score (PS) quantiles with participants who received denture care in public clinics. The PS matching balanced the characteristics between these two groups. Subsequently, a conditional logistic regression model investigated the binary outcome of denture replacement whilst a conditional Poisson regression modelled the number of years to denture replacement. A frailty Cox regression after PS matching investigated denture survival over time. Results: Dentures provided in public clinics had a mean time to replacement of 5.5 years (SD: 34.0) and 25.9% were replaced during the observation period. In the first year of denture service, incidence rate per person year (IR) for complete denture replacement in public clinics was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.04–0.04). Dentures provided in private clinics had a mean time to replacement of 6.5 years (SD: 3.8) with 29.4% replaced during the observation period. In the first year of denture service, the IR for complete denture replacement in private clinics was 0.02 (95% CI: 0.02–0.02), which was less than half that of the public IR. Multivariate analyses found that although private dentures were more likely to be replaced during the observation period than those provided in the public sector (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.28–1.35, p <.001), they had greater longevity (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.23–1.24, p <.001). Longer longevity of private dentures was also supported by the frailty Cox regression showing that private dentures had a reduced hazard of denture replacement over time (better survival) in comparison to public dentures (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, p <.001). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis supported the study findings. Conclusions: Increased denture longevity, higher rates of denture replacement and lower rates of early denture replacement were associated with receiving denture care in private clinics as compared with dentures provided in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Ankle sprains are common injuries in sports, but it is unclear whether they are more likely to occur in a specific period of a sporting game. Objective: To systematically review the literature investigating when in a match ankle sprains most likely occurred. Evidence Acquisition: The databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus were searched up to August 2016, with no restriction of date or language. The search targeted studies that presented data on the time of occurrence of ankle sprains during sports matches. Data from included studies were analyzed as a percentage of ankle sprain occurrence by halftime and by quarters. Meta-analyses were run using a random effects model. The quality assessment tool for quantitative studies was used to assess the article's quality. Evidence Synthesis: The searches identified 1142 studies, and 8 were included in this review. A total of 500 ankle sprains were reported during follow-up time, which ranged from 1 to 15 years, in 5 different sports (soccer, rugby, futsal, American football, and Gaelic football). The meta-analyses, including all 8 studies, showed that the proportion of ankle sprains during the first half (0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.50) was smaller than the second half (0.56; 95% CI, 0.50–0.62). For the analyses by quarters, the proportion of ankle sprains in the first quarter (0.14; 95% CI, 0.09–0.19) was considerably smaller than the second (0.28; 95% CI, 0.24–0.32), third (0.25; 95% CI, 0.17–0.34), and fourth (0.29; 95% CI, 0.22–0.36) quarters. Conclusion: The results of this review indicate that ankle sprains are more likely to occur later in the game during the second half or during the latter minutes of the first half. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]