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In a large number of plant species, including maize, different phenotypic traits have undergone major changes through the breeding process, resulting in the creation of varieties and hybrids of good agronomic performance. This study aimed to examine the variability of the plant height (PH) and plant height to the uppermost ear (EH) of maize top cross hybrids obtained from crossing 31 local landraces with three genetically divergent testers (L217, L73B013 and L255/75-5). Top cross hybrids were tested in a two-year experiment, at four locations, in two replicates. The grand mean of top cross hybrids for PH and EH were 255.8 cm and 101.8 cm. Analysis of variance showed that all sources of variation (environment - year × location (E), landrace (B), tester effect (A), as well as their interactions) were highly significant (p≤0.01), except for triple interaction (A × B × E). The coefficients of variation for the PH and EH were 4.76% and 8.87%. A highly significant correlation was found between the examined traits (r=0.785; p

Open pelvic fractures are devastating injuries, rare, and with high mortality. Leading causes of mortality are: haemorrhage, infection and associated injuries. The aim of this paper is to point out methods of treating these injuries and great number of prognostic mortality factors. Material - in period from January 2011 to December 2015, 221 patients with pelvis ringfracture were treated in three large clinical centers of Serbia, of which 13(5%) had an open fracture type. We have classified pelvic ring fractures according to the Young - Burgess classification. We have classified injuries according to Gustilo at I, II, and III degree, and the location of the wound according to Faringer classification was distributed in zone I, II and III. Urogenital and intra-abdominal injuries were monitored, and severity of injuries was determined according to Severity Score Injury (ISS) and Trauma Score (TS). Results - there were 6(46%) women and 7(54%) men at the average age of 41(13 - 76). Injuries from traffic trauma are dominant. The most common cause of pelvic ring fracture is an anterior posterior compression - 6(46%), lateral compression - 4(31%) and vertical force in 3 (23%) patients. Dominant injuries are type I and II according to Gustilo, and zone I according to Faringer classification. There were 6 (46%) patients with urogenital injuries, and the same number with intra-abdominal injuries, of which 3(23%) patients have been treated with colon resection and diversion. Due to abundant hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock 2 patients died, and another one died after three days due to sepsis and multisystem organ failure (MSOF). Conclusion - Open pelvic fractures have high mortality rate, due to: haemorrhage, infection, associated abdominal and genitourinary tract injuries, ISS> 25, TS 65 years.

Introduction. Femoroacetabular impingement is the result of the pathological conditions in the osseous acetabulum and/or the proximal femur. One of its causes is a non-anatomically healed femoral neck fracture. Case report. A male, aged 51, with a subcapital left femoral neck fracture was treated conservatively. The fracture healed 9 months later and although the patient was walking on crutches he suffered from pain in the left groin. The X-ray images showed the valgus and the retroposition of the left femoral head. The patient was operated on and intraoperatively the thickness and a bone prominence in the anterosuperior femoral neck area in the line of the previous fracture were found, which was pressing and spreading beneath the acetabular labrum, thus squeezing the acetabular cartilage. The labrum lesion which was found was the result of the mechanical pressure of the existing femoral neck deformity during the hip movements. Irretrievably damaged part of the labrum was resected and the anterosuperior femoral headneck osteochondroplasty was done. One year after the surgery, the patient had no pain, he walked without limping, the impingement test was negative, the radiological parameters were adjusted and there were no signs of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Conclusion. The femoral neck fracture should be treated adequately with the full anatomical position and the proper internal fixation. If the deformity occurs as the result of a treatment, it should be removed as soon as possible to prevent the osteoarthritis of the hip.

Background/Aim. Fitmore® hip stem belongs to the group of short stem prostheses with the metaphysar stabilization, with its shape and form that protects the bone mass in the greater trochanter region and the distal part of the femur. The aim of this paper was to present the early postoperative results in patients with implanted Fitmore® hip stem and point out some of the advantages. Methods. A series of 10 patients with implanted Fitmore® hip stem, was included in this study. The average age of the patients was 54.5 (48–65) years. There were 5 women and 5 men. The total monitoring time was 16 months. To rate the condition of the hip joint we used The Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score. We also monitored the degree of hip pain, hip flexion, heterotopic ossification and indentation in the stem of the prosthesis. Results. After 12 months of monitoring 9 (90%) of the patients had no pain in the thigh region, and only 1 (10%) experienced mild pain. The hip flexion rose from the average 89° to postoperative 114°. WOMAC score rose as well, from 49 to 94 average points. Indentation in the stem was registered 3 months after the operation in 2 (20%) of the patients – in one of the patients the indentation was 3 mm and in the other patient 5 mm. After the 16-month monitoring, the results were excellent. The monitoring period was short though it should be continued and the results should be presented after 5 and then after 10 years. Conclusion. Early results of the implantation Fitmore stem showed good bone ingrowth with excellent functional result.

Introduction. Most scapular fractures are caused by highimpact blunt injuries, often as the result of motor vehicle accidents, fall from height, etc. In 80% to 90% of cases, scapula fractures are associated with multiple injuries (clavicle fracture, rib fractures, humeral fracture, pulmonary injury, brachial plexus injury). Case report. We presented scapular fracture in a 27-years-old male who had sustained a workrelated injury when a ground soil brick machine pressed him. Fracture line was identified on radiotherapy and computed tomography scan from the distal scapular angle enclosing scapular neck. The whole lateral part of the scapula was dislocated laterally from the scapular body. Scapular fracture was treated operatively. The posterior approach was used for reposition, while for fixation after reposition we used two Blunt clamps. We presented functional outcome 22 years after the injury and the surgical treatment. The patient can perform all physical activities, still works, and there is no need to remove the ostheosynthetic material as it causes no discomfort nor problems. The strength of the shoulder muscles is estimated as physician as the grade 5. Conclusion. Displaced intraarticular fractures of the scapula should be treated operatively, with open reduction and internal fixation.

Background/Aim. Arthrosis of the hip is the most common cause of a hip joint disorders. The aim of this study was to present our experience in the application of a safe surgical dislocation of the hip in patients with minor morphological changes in the hip joint, which, through the mechanism of femoroacetabular impingement, cause damage to the acetabular labrum and adjacent cartilage as an early sign of the hip arthrosis. Methods. We have operated 51 patients with different morphological bone changes in the hip area and resultant soft tissue damage of the acetabular labrum and its adjacent cartilage. Surgical technique that we applied in this group of patients, was adapted to our needs and capabilities and it was minimaly modified compared to the original procedure. Results. The surgical technique presented in this paper, proved to be a good method of treatment of bone and soft tissue pathomorphological changes of the hip in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. We had no cases with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and two patients had nonunion of the greater trochanter, 9 patients developed paraarticular ossification, without subjective symptoms, while 3 patients suffered from postoperative pain in the groin during more energetic physical activities. Conclusion. Utilization of our partly modified surgical technique of controlled and safe dislocation of the hip can solve all the bone and soft tissue problems in patients with femoroacetibular impingement to stop already developed osteoarthritis of the hip or to prevent mild form of it.

Introduction. Minimal bone changes in the acetabulum and/or proximal femur, through mechanism known as femoroacetabular impingement, during flexion, adduction and internal rotation lead to early contact between femoral head-neck junction and acetabular brim, in anterosuperior region. Each additional pathological substrate which further decreases specified clearance provokes earlier onset of femoroacetabular impingement symptoms. Case report. We presented a 20-year-old male patient with groin pain, limping, positive impingement test, radiological signs of mixed form of femoroacetabular impingement and unrecognized chronic hypertrophic synovitis with earlier development of clinical hip symptoms than it has been expected. Open surgery of the left hip was done. Two years after the surgery, patient was asymptomatic, painless, and free of motion, with stable x-rays. Conclusion. Hypertrophic synovial tissue further reduces the distance between the femoral head-neck junction and the acetabulum, leading to the earlier onset of femoroacetabular impingement symptoms. Surgical treatment is the method of choice.

Introduction. Femoral neck axis plotting is of great significance in measuring parameters that define femoral head-neck junction sphericity in the group of patients with the femoroacetabular impingement. Literature methods of femoral neck axis determination have weaknesses associated with the risk of obtaining inaccurate values of certain parameters. Objective. Method of plotting of the femoral neck axis by two parallel lines that belong to the medial quarter of the femoral neck is proposed. Method was tested on the anatomic specimens and the respective radiograms. Methods. A total of 31 anatomic specimens of the proximal femur and respective radiographs were used, on which three axes of the femoral neck were plotted; accordingly, alpha angle value was determined and tested with corresponding parametric tests, with the measurement error of less than 5% and the strength of the applied tests of 80%. Results. Alpha angle values obtained by plotting femoral neck axis using the literature and methods we have proposed were not significantly different in our series, and, in more than a half of the specimens, the two axes overlapped each other. Conclusion. The advantage of the proposed method does not depend on the position of the femoral head rotation center in relation to the femoral neck, which favors proposed method for measuring the angles of femoral head sphericity in patients with the femoral head translation. Disadvantage of the study is a small sample size for valid conclusions about the applicability of this method in clinical practice.

Introduction. Surgical treatment is the treatment of choice in patients with symptoms and radiological signs of femoroacetabular impingement. Objective. Our experience and early results of surgical treatment of patients with signs of femoroacetabular impingement and early hip osteoarthritis are reported. Methods. The results of treatment of 21 patients aged 23-54 years with different types of femoroacetabular impingement are presented. Safe open surgical dislocation of the hip was performed in all patients. Before and after surgery, the WOMAC score was performed, clinical and radiographic data of the operated hips were evaluated and t-tests were used for statistical analyzes of data. Results. The WOMAC score improved from 70.5 points ( range 56.3 to 89.8 points) to 90.3 points (range 70.3 to 100 points) at one year of follow-up (p

Molecular model for crystalline organic semiconductors based on small molecules is implemented in three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper results for naphthalene are presented. Molecular structure is considered in two configurations: within a single monocrystal and in vicinity of interface between two monocrystals with different crystalline orientations.

Qlab is an open-source project that supports various mathematical calculations, specialized for academic use. It has been developed at the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, and is supported by Microsoft Serbia. In this paper we present some of Qlab’s successfully implemented core solutions. More precisely, in our approach we use a specialized Visitor pattern to optimize the management of syntax tree commands that our parser sends to our engine. This allows the processing of a larger scale of tree implementation using the Visitor interface.

This paper reports the results of an FTIR study in the region of the fundamental NH stretching vibration for N-methyl, N-isopropyl, N-tert-butyl and N-1,2,2-trimethylpropanamide – aromatic hydrocarbon systems. In addition to the spectroscopic parameters, the equilibrium constant for the 1:1 N-H···¶ complexes (at 298 K) are given.

Motivated by the culinary and ethnopharmacological use of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen, this study aimed to unveil new chemical compounds from its essential oil (EO). Acmella oleracea, known for its anesthetic and spicy properties, has been used in traditional medicine and cuisine, particularly in Northern Brazil. Through a detailed GC-MS analysis, 180 constituents were identified, including 12 tentatively identified long-chain α-keto esters of various acids. Additionally, 18 new esters were synthesized for structural verification. This research expands the known chemical diversity of A. oleracea EO, providing a basis for potential pharmacological applications. The identification of new natural products, including homologs and analogs of acmellonate, underscores the EO's rich chemical profile and its potential for novel bioproduct development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work is focused on the characterization of the composition of a CO2 supercritical fluid extract of Aquilaria sinensis (Chinese agarwood) collected in the Dongguan area (China) and infected by mechanical methods. The constituents of this extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified accurately by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), using an internal reference and predicted response factors. Since a significant number of components of this extract remained non-identified after the initial GC-MS analysis of the whole extract, its fractionation by chromatography on silica gel helped to characterize several additional constituents by isolation and structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy. The main components are the classical agarwood chromones (Flindersia chromone and its mono-, di-, and trimethoxylated analogues (respectively, 11.01% and 0.11–4.02%) along with sesquiterpenic constituents typically found in agarwood essential oils, like baimuxinal (1.90%) and kusunol (1.24%), as well as less common selinane dialdehydes (1.58–2.27%) recently described in the literature. Moreover, the structure and stereochemistry of a new sesquiterpenic alcohol, 14β,15β-dimethyl-7αH-eremophila-9,11-dien-8β-ol (0.67%), was determined unambiguously by the combination of structural analysis (NMR, MS), hemisynthesis, and total synthesis, leading to dihydrokaranone and a neopetasane epimer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has relevance for the food, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Flowers of this species emit a very pleasant scent; for processing purposes, inflorescences are either collected from the wild or harvested from a cultivated crop. The study of elderflower‐derived volatiles bears both phytochemical and commercial importance. RESULTS: Three samples of dry elderflower essential oil obtained from laboratory‐scale hydrodistillations were analyzed. By use of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, synthesis and NMR studies of chromatographic fractions of a distillation water extract prepared in a semi‐industrial scale steam distillation, 252 constituents of the oil were identified; 115 compounds were not previously reported as elderflower volatiles, seven of which were new natural esters. Particularly interesting were those of isosenecioic (3‐methylbut‐3‐enoic) acid because these were never before found in the plant kingdom. CONCLUSION: With these identifications, the known essential oil constituents accounted for 89.0–93.0% of the analyzed samples. Although the number of known S. nigra flower‐derived volatiles is now quite high, further research (both analytical and olfactory) is needed to unveil all of the relevant contributions to the unique odor of elderflowers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]