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The morphometric traits of the yellow honeybee from Vojvodina were researched in this study. Samples were collected at seven locations: Banatsko Aranđelovo, Fruška Gora, Vladimirovci, Markovac and Vršac. Each sample contained 50 bees whose body parts were prepared, scanned and measured using computer software. The average values of the measured parameters were: tongue length (6.12 mm), right-wing length (9.07 mm) and width (3.13 mm), number of wing hooks on the rear right-wing (21.44), cubital index (2,40), length (2.04 mm) and width (1.09 mm) of basitarsus of rear right leg, corbicula area (0.79 mmI), length (2.17 mm) and width (4.86 mm) of the third tergite, length (1.31 mm) and width (2.41 mm) of wax plate mirror. The obtained values of the observed parameters were consistent with the values that are characteristic to the Carniolan race of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica Poll).

The sequences COI-COII of the mitochondrial DNA region in honeybee from four geographically distant regions in Serbia (Vršac, Knjaževac, Kraljevo, and Vranje) are analyzed. The research was conducted on eight different, previously selected honeybee lines preserved (linear selection) in the four reprocenters for queen bees. All four studied honeybee lines differ in morphological and productive traits, each being specific for the corresponding region. In addition to analysis of the mtDNA sequences in Serbian honeybee, a comparative analysis of the phylogenetic group of so far known C2 haplotypes was also performed. The results revealed two novel polymorphic positions in the COI-COII mtDNA region, viz., h2 at position 3474 and l2 at position 3534 (a T nucleotide deletion in both cases) in honeybees from the regions of Vranje and Knjaževac, respectively. Two novel mtDNA haplotypes in the honeybee C2 phylogenetic group, together with C2I (the new polymorphic position l2 and G-A transition at position 3587) and C2J (the new polymorphic position h2), are described. Also, comparative analysis performed on sequences from GenBank data showed a high degree of similarity (similarity index = 99.4%) between the novel C2I mtDNA haplotype and an A. m. cypria haplotype originating from Turkey. Certain domestic Kranjska honeybee populations from Serbia represent an autochthonous gene pool that can be of great importance for further presentation of honeybee biodiversity. The present paper contributes to characterization of mtDNA in honeybee of Serbia.

Intolerance of gluten containing cereals (wheat, rye, and barley) is an etiopathogenetically heterogeneous and relatively common problem of modern man. It occurs as an adverse immune-mediated condition in genetically predisposed individuals. According to the pathogenetic mechanism of intolerance to the components of these cereals, it is classified into celiac disease as an autoimmune disease, wheat allergy as an allergic disease, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity as a non-autoimmune and non-allergic disease. Each of these disorders is characterized by specific intestinal and/or extraintestinal manifestations, which resolve on a gluten-free diet. This review article presents the basic characteristics of these disorders in accordance with modern knowledge.

Celiac disease is a multisystemic autoimmune disease induced by gluten in wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by polygenic predisposition, prevailing prevalence in members of the white population (1%), especially in close relatives (5–15%), very heterogeneous expression and frequent association with other autoimmune diseases (3–10%), as well as selective deficiency of IgA and Down, Turner, and Williams syndromes. The basis of the disease and the key finding in its diagnostics is gluten-sensitive enteropathy, i.e., non-specific inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa which resolves by gluten-free diet. In addition to enteropathy, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, the disease is also characterized by various extraintestinal manifestations, and even very serious complications. Therapy is based on a lifelong glutenfree diet, so that the disorder, if diagnosed in time and treated consistently, has an excellent prognosis.

In contemporary turbulent environment, which is subject to frequent changes due to the influence of internal and external factors, managers must be expert and informed, and they must also act quickly. If trends are not accepted and followed, there is no survival on the market, which is true in all branches of business, and especially in the trade sector. Marketing managers must constantly monitor what is happening on the market, what innovations can affect their business, what the competition is doing, as well as what customers expect from them in order to best satisfy their wishes and needs, and ensure their loyalty. Digital technologies must certainly be adopted as a basis for doing business since not only do they offer the possibility of selling products online, but they also allow managers to obtain important information on their customers. Data on where customers interact, which social networks they use, how they think, as well as what their wishes and habits are, can make the process of making important decisions much easier for marketing managers of trading companies. For the purpose of this paper, empirical research was conducted through a survey on a sample of 112 managers of trading companies in Serbia in the period October-November 2022. The purpose of the research in this paper is to analyze how digitalization has influenced the change in managing B2B marketing of trading companies. The importance of determining this influence is reflected in the possibility of giving recommendations to managers of trading companies that have not yet joined the digital transformation of business to do so since today customers are mostly present on the Internet, which will be even more noticeable in the future as newer generations mature.

All crises that arise at the global, regional and local level exert their influence on the security of the Republic of Serbia. They can lead to destructive activities aimed at protected values, so an effective system of their protection - civil defense system - must be established at the level of the Republic of Serbia. A necessary step in achieving that goal is the adequate normative-legal regulation of the field of civil defense, which is of special interest for the security of the Republic of Serbia, but also for the development of the system itself. Adequate legal regulation creates prerequisites for the successful establishment, organization and functioning of the civil defense system, which in modern security conditions has immeasurable importance. The topic of this paper was created based on research for the preparation of a doctoral dissertation and deals with the advantages and disadvantages of legal solutions in the field of civil defense of the Republic of Serbia.

The stability of each country's monetary system depends on the quality of operations of its Central Bank, as one of the most important institutions. Due to their great importance, central banks hold a special place in scientific analysis. For a Central Bank to successfully achieve its objectives, it has to operate independently of the executive and legislative powers. Through content analysis and the comparative method, this paper analyzes and compares different parameters and indices measuring the independence of the central banks of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of North Macedonia. Considering that the independence of a Central Bank is inextricably linked with its credibility, this paper conducts research that answers the question - what is the level of legal independence of the Croatian National Bank and the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia? It can be said that, in the last decade, both the legal and actual independence of these central banks has reached its peak, but a certain degree of political dependence is still noticeable. There are certain differences in terms of political influence from country to country, but in any case, the syndrome of political dependence in former Yugoslav countries when compared to developed countries is extremely recognizable. The Republic of Croatia, as a member of the European Union, had to harmonize its laws on this issue, so it can be said that there are certain differences compared to other countries in this region. Central banks in countries that once belonged to the same Communist bloc, and which today have different statuses in relation to the European Union, are excellent examples for analyzing the degree of operational independence in relation to state power. The status of the Central Bank in a certain national and economic system depends on the legislation of that country, i.e., the constitutional norms and laws governing the Central Bank.

Introduction/Objective. Celiac disease (CD) is the result of a polygenic predisposition and gluten-containing diet. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical forms of CD in siblings of children with verified disease. Methods. The study included 83 siblings, aged 1.5–27 (11.77 ± 6.2) years, of 64 children with CD diagnosed according to ESPGHAN criteria (1990/2012). In addition to a detailed history and clinical examination, serum levels of IgA and antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (AtTG) IgA and IgG classes were determined in all subjects. All with elevated AtTG levels underwent multiple duodenal enterobiopsy. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed by the finding of characteristic histological changes. Results. The diagnosis of CB was made in 13 of 83 subjects (15.67%). Nine of them had an asymptomatic form of the disease, while in the others the disease was clinically manifested – in three the form was classical, in one it was accompanied by severe malnutrition (-26.80%), and in one the manifestation was nonclassical (only short stature). Except for sideropenia and hypoferritinemia in four patients, of which two with hemoglobin below the reference value, standard laboratory findings were within normal limits. Conclusion. Our research shows that the prevalence of CD in siblings of children with verified disease is 15.67%. It is mostly detected in its asymptomatic form. In accordance with this, routine application of serological screening for CD in this population group is necessary for its timely diagnosis and treatment.

The paper analyzed the agrarian potential at the level of settlements in the municipality of Varvarin. This work aims to identify the most significant factors that affect agrarian potential. The following methods were applied: the method of successive dividers for determining the direction of agricultural land use, the weighting method for obtaining a reference value for calculating the agricultural potential, and the correlation coefficient for the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between the value of the agricultural potential by settlements and used parameters. The paper provides an overview of the key problems in agriculture at the local, regional, national, continental, and global levels, including programs implemented by certain developed countries to revitalize agriculture.

The role of the civil defence system of the Republic of Serbia comes to full expression in the modern world full of various sources, forms and holders of threats. Endangerment is manifested through increasing challenges, risks and threats to security, which, without any doubt, cannot be countered only by the human and material resources of the Serbian Armed Forces. The Republic of Serbia has to develop its civil defence in accordance with the characteristics of the global, regional and local environment and its internal circumstances, opportunities and needs. The civil defence system of the Republic of Serbia is a strategic component of the national security system and is intended to protect the civilian population and material resources in peace, war and state of emergency. In recent years, the need for its comprehensive reform within the unified national security system has been recognized in order to ensure the efficient implementation of the function of meeting the needs of the military, state authorities and citizens and the function of protecting and rescuing the civilian population and material resources. The civil defence of the Republic of Serbia, in addition to the Serbian Armed Forces, represents one of the foundations of the defence system and should be the most organized social force that provides all the necessary assistance to the endangered population and protects material and cultural goods. Since the civil defence of the Republic of Serbia faces many difficulties in its functioning in practice, there is a need to bring it to a level where it can effectively fulfill all its goals and tasks and provide the necessary protection. In order to achieve this, first of all, the problem of managing the civil defence system has to be solved in a clear and unambiguous way in relation to the current normative solutions.

Neuromarketing is a discipline that connects the study of consumer behavior with neuroscience by examining the impact of marketing on consumers, by observing and interpreting their emotional reactions to various marketing stimuli. By using methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), eye tracking (ET), galvanic skin response (GSR) and facial coding (FC), neuromarketing can help companies understand how consumers make decisions and what they really feel, think and want on an UN-conscious level, which later becomes a more reliable indicator of their behavior when buying products and services. Apart from being a marketing research tool, neuromarketing can also be seen as a strategy for improving companies' communication and relationships with consumers. The purpose of this paper is to understand the importance of neuromarketing for understanding the subconscious processes in the consumer's brain, and for noticing the impact of these processes on consumer behavior. This will ultimately contribute to better strategic positioning of companies and their products on the market.

Anemia is a common and etiologically heterogeneous health problem both during the period of growth and development and in other phases of life. It is most often caused by a deficiency of iron, primarily due to inadequate nutrition, and less often as a consequence of various diseases. Particularly risk groups for the occurrence of anemia due to iron deficiency are children in the stages of rapid growth and development, i.e., in the first years after birth and during puberty. In accordance with the fact that it is better to prevent than to treat, in this article are given basic guidelines related to the prevention of this type of anemia in children and adolescents.

The topic of the paper is the role of the urban profession in the planning of the memorial complexes and monuments in Belgrade from 1969 to 1981, during which the professional journal Urbanizam Beograda was published. Using articles published in the journal Urbanizam Beograda as its main source the paper will address the stance of the expert public in the decision-making process in the planning of memorials. This includes a review of articles on individual monuments in public spaces, urban development policies, and the most important competitions related to the memorials and monuments written about by different authors in Urbanizam Beograda. Looking at the broader historical context of Yugoslavia and its cultural policies through the prism of memorial architecture, different processes and key topics that influenced the urban design of the memorial will be addressed, as well as the regard the expert public had for the decision-making process. The research is based on an analysis of expert articles published in Urbanizam Beograda, as well as an analysis of the broader socio-political context of Belgrade, in order to expand understanding of the decisions and stance of the professional public in the period 1969 to 1981. The paper aims to establish a relationship between politics and the profession, as well as to identify the implementation of different planning mechanisms for creating collective memory, recognized in the journal Urbanizam Beograda. The results of the research point to specific articles about public spaces and competitions published in Urbanizam Beograda, in which the professional public had the autonomy to make decisions based on an interdisciplinary approach to planning, which was not always in line with the socio-political situation.

In a large number of plant species, including maize, different phenotypic traits have undergone major changes through the breeding process, resulting in the creation of varieties and hybrids of good agronomic performance. This study aimed to examine the variability of the plant height (PH) and plant height to the uppermost ear (EH) of maize top cross hybrids obtained from crossing 31 local landraces with three genetically divergent testers (L217, L73B013 and L255/75-5). Top cross hybrids were tested in a two-year experiment, at four locations, in two replicates. The grand mean of top cross hybrids for PH and EH were 255.8 cm and 101.8 cm. Analysis of variance showed that all sources of variation (environment - year × location (E), landrace (B), tester effect (A), as well as their interactions) were highly significant (p≤0.01), except for triple interaction (A × B × E). The coefficients of variation for the PH and EH were 4.76% and 8.87%. A highly significant correlation was found between the examined traits (r=0.785; p

In this paper a fractured connector plate for a telescoping antenna mast made of aluminum alloy EN-AW 2007 was examined. The goal of the investigation was to determine the cause of fracture which occurred during attempting to raise the antenna. Specimens taken from the mast were visually examined, and the fracture surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Chemical analysis, microstructural analysis, electrical conductivity measurements, tensile test and hardness test were performed in order to investigate the properties of the material. Fracture occurred fast and visual and fractographic examinations showed that there is no visible plastic deformation near the fracture surface, which are characteristics of a quasibrittle fracture. It was shown that the mechanical properties of the examined specimens do not satisfy the minimal values defined in the standard for this material. All conducted tests indicated that the material had not been heat treated and mechanically worked, so applied stress during handling/raising the antenna led to the rapid quasibrittle fracture.

Open pelvic fractures are devastating injuries, rare, and with high mortality. Leading causes of mortality are: haemorrhage, infection and associated injuries. The aim of this paper is to point out methods of treating these injuries and great number of prognostic mortality factors. Material - in period from January 2011 to December 2015, 221 patients with pelvis ringfracture were treated in three large clinical centers of Serbia, of which 13(5%) had an open fracture type. We have classified pelvic ring fractures according to the Young - Burgess classification. We have classified injuries according to Gustilo at I, II, and III degree, and the location of the wound according to Faringer classification was distributed in zone I, II and III. Urogenital and intra-abdominal injuries were monitored, and severity of injuries was determined according to Severity Score Injury (ISS) and Trauma Score (TS). Results - there were 6(46%) women and 7(54%) men at the average age of 41(13 - 76). Injuries from traffic trauma are dominant. The most common cause of pelvic ring fracture is an anterior posterior compression - 6(46%), lateral compression - 4(31%) and vertical force in 3 (23%) patients. Dominant injuries are type I and II according to Gustilo, and zone I according to Faringer classification. There were 6 (46%) patients with urogenital injuries, and the same number with intra-abdominal injuries, of which 3(23%) patients have been treated with colon resection and diversion. Due to abundant hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock 2 patients died, and another one died after three days due to sepsis and multisystem organ failure (MSOF). Conclusion - Open pelvic fractures have high mortality rate, due to: haemorrhage, infection, associated abdominal and genitourinary tract injuries, ISS> 25, TS 65 years.

Compressor is surely the most complex part of engine, and during projecting of engine, ensure safe operation of the compressor is very difficult job. In support of this is the fact that the most of accessories (sensors and actuators) are in connection with compressor, but two most important systems are VBV and VSV systems. In this work, we will observe VSV system, respectively VSV Actuator. Our research have a quest to decrees some remarked problems which occur during work on VSV Actuator, and of course we will offer a solution for remarked problem in term of adding another one point in test. Also, our suggestion is creating incoming inspection, pre-test inspection with the points to be listed in below.

Gluten-related disorders are a heterogeneous group of clinical entities caused by intolerance to wheat, rye, and barley flour components. They occur in 3–5% of genetically predisposed persons and, based on pathogenic and clinical features, are classified into celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy. There are also specific entities such as dermatitis herpetiformis or gluten ataxia, which can occur either within the celiac disease or independently. This article based on the current knowledge shows the basic details of the pathogenesis, clinical expression, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders.