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Akira Suda,1 Saki Hattori,1 Ikuko Kishida,1,2 Masatoshi Miyauchi,1 Yohko Shiraishi,1 Mami Fujibayashi,3 Natsuki Tsujita,4 Chie Ishii,2 Norio Ishii,2 Toshio Moritani,5 Yoshio Hirayasu1,6 1Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, 2Department of Psychiatry, Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa, 3Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Osaka, 4Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, 5Department of Health and Sports Sociology, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 6Department of Psychiatry, Hirayasu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan Objective: Long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics show distinct pharmacokinetic profiles from oral antipsychotics (OAPs). Although there may be differences in adverse event frequency, any differences in their effects on autonomic nervous system (ANS) remain unclear. Patients and methods: In total, 270 schizophrenic patients were recruited in this study: 241 received OAPs (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole) and 29 received LAIs (risperidone LAI, aripiprazole LAI, or paliperidone palmitate) as monotherapy. Heart rate variability was measured as an index of ANS activity, and the low-frequency (0.03–0.15 Hz) component, high-frequency (0.15–0.40 Hz) component, and total power (0.03–0.40 Hz) were calculated. Components were compared between the groups using t-tests. Results: A significant difference was detected in the low-frequency component between the OAP and LAI groups (P=0.046). No significant difference was found in total power or the high-frequency component between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with OAPs, LAIs have fewer adverse effects on ANS activity, particularly the low-frequency component, as determined using a spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Keywords: long-acting injectable antipsychotics, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, adverse effect

Light irradiation onto a semiconductor generates heat; however, its electronic structure under high temperature has not yet been well investigated. In this study, we have carefully examined the temperature dependence on the bandgap of simple metal oxides, which are well-known photocatalysts, i.e., TiO2, CeO2, Nb2O5, SnO2 Ta2O5, WO3, ZnO, and ZrO2, using operando UV–visible spectroscopy under controlled temperature (from room temperature to 500 °C). Consequently, a linear decrease in bandgap was seen as a function of temperature with a different slope for each semiconductor. We found that the slope was dependent on the bonding distance between metal and oxygen. This finding is essential to develop a photocatalyst used under the condition involving photo-thermal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a new resistometric method aids in the detection of void nucleation region and the development caused by electromigration for aluminum lines of a bamboo structure, as compared to aluminum lines having only one crystal. Vacancy flow is hindered by the grain boundary in a bamboo structure, and a vacancy supersaturation of an order of ten at the grain boundary is produced by this hindrance.

Single crystalline ZnO thin films were heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering. The outermost layer of the ZnO surface of the face contains oxygen ions, which are considered to be energetically reactive sites and responsible for the hydrophilic conversion.

Computerized tomography (CT), in association with optical emission spectroscopy (OES), is used to investigate the three-dimensional image of radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RF-ICP) in low-pressure hydrogen in E-mode. As a series of CT studies in this paper, we demonstrate a distinct image in [H.sub.2] ICP in the E-mode, i.e., the presence of two independent plasmas in a low-pressure region. Index Terms--Computerized tomography, E-mode, hydrogen, inductively coupled plasma, optical emission spectroscopy.