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CT image-based diagnosis of the stomach is developed as a new way of diagnostic method. A virtual unfolded (VU) view is suitable for displaying its wall. In this paper, we propose a semi-automated method for generating VU views of the stomach. Our method requires minimum manual operations. The determination of the unfolding forces and the termination of the unfolding process are automated. The unfolded shape of the stomach is estimated based on its radius. The unfolding forces are determined so that the stomach wall is deformed to the expected shape. The iterative deformation process is terminated if the difference of the shapes between the deformed shape and expected shape is small. Our experiments using 67 CT volumes showed that our proposed method can generate good VU views for 76.1% cases., Accepted paper as a poster presentation at MICCAI 2013 (International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention), Nagoya, Japan

The patient was a 72 year old man who had been given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for two years. He repeatedly developed small intestinal ileus; therefore, he underwent several imaging examinations, but the cause was not identified. He subsequently underwent a double-balloon endoscopy (DBE). The membranous stenoses were detected in the jejunum, and the biopsy specimens were taken during the DBE. The membranous stenoses in the gastrointestinal tract were characteristic of NSAID–induced enteropathy, and he was endoscopically and histopathologically diagnosed with NSAID-induced small intestinal disorder. NSAID administration was withdrawn, and the balloon dilation was conducted for small intestinal stenosis. After that, no small intestinal ileus developed again. Some studies were conducted on the mechanism of NSAID-induced small intestinal dysfunction, but the drug that was administered to the patient was a highly selective NSAID for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and there are few studies that reported a dysfunctional mechanism induced by this drug. In the tissue sampled by DBE, apoptotic bodies were found; therefore, it was suggested that the stenoses in this case were caused by the COX-2 inhibitor from the relationship between COX-2 inhibition and apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism of NSAID enteropathy.

Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) has enabled precise diagnosis and endoscopic intervention deep within the small bowel. In this study, we determine the factor related to the risk of endoscopic and clinical recurrences in the diagnosis of postoperative lesions including anastomosis for the patients with Crohn’s disease. Forty-eight patients (40 men and 8 women) had undergone small bowel resection previously and anastomotic sites were evaluated by Rutgeerts’ endoscopic scoring. The factors related to endoscopic and clinical recurrences at anastomosed sites were investigated. The analyzed items included the disease type, anastomosis procedure, frequency of surgery, time to endoscopy after surgery, the presence or absence of treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), immunomodulators, steroids, maintenance administration of infliximab, and an elemental diet that required the ingestion of 900 kcal or more per day. Outcome of the anastomosed lesions was analyzed in the groups treated with and without postoperative anti-TNFα antibody including infliximab and adalimumab. DBE was performed 133 times, and 168 anastomosed lesions were observed for enrolled patients. Univariate analysis showed that time to DBE after surgery of 1.5-year or longer and the absence of 5-ASA administration were found to be significant factors leading to both endoscopic and clinical recurrences. The results of Kaplan-Meier estimate and the log rank test demonstrated that the clinical recurrence was avoided more often in the anti-TNFα antibody-treated group compared with the non-treated group. In conclusion, DBE was useful for accurate diagnosis of small-bowel lesions after surgery. Anti-TNFα antibody may help to decrease the postoperative recurrence rate of Crohn’s disease.

Endoscopic exploration of the small bowel after pelvic radiation has limitations related to strong abdominal adhesion. It is often difficult to demonstrate the findings of radiation enteritis endoscopically, even with video capsule endoscopy (VCE) or double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). We present our experience with three cases of radiation enteritis that were diagnosed using VCE and DBE, including their effective aspects. Radiation enteritis has not been diagnosed using conventional methods, and DBE may not accomplish deeper insertion into the ileum, although it is capable of both diagnosis and hemostasis. Therefore, VCE is thought to be the initial tool for the diagnosis of radiation enteritis when small bowel stenosis has not been previously detected and the risk of retention has been discussed.

Resumo Neste trabalho uma rota alternativa de síntese, o método de Pechini modificado, foi utilizada para obter nanopartículas do composto BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BFPT). As imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelaram tamanhos de partículas inferiores a 120 nm. Análises estruturais apontaram a organização estrutural do composto (formação de estruturas com simetria tetragonal) como função da temperatura de síntese. Cálculos da polarização espontânea indicaram a intensidade alcançada no composto BFPT. As análises de densidade eletrônica obtidas pelo método da máxima entropia indicaram a configuração das ligações químicas presentes no composto. Abstract In this work an alternative synthesis route, the modified Pechini method, was used to obtain nanoparticles of the BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BFPT) compound. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed particle sizes below 120 nm. Structural analysis showed the structural organization of the compound (structure formation with tetragonal symmetry) as function of synthesis temperature. Calculations indicate spontaneous polarization intensity achieved in the BFPT compound. The analysis of electron density obtained by the maximum entropy method indicated the configuration of the chemical bonds present in the compound.

A porcelana de ossos - bone china - é uma cerâmica de corpo especial de grande dureza e translucidez exclusivamente fabricada na Inglaterra e em outras poucas partes do mundo, mas não no Brasil. Suas matérias-primas são compostas por aproximadamente metade de cinza de ossos, além de caulim e feldspato. O trabalho apresenta a obtenção e caracterização de cinza de ossos a partir de ossos bovinos com o objetivo da fabricação de porcelanas. No processo de preparação da cinza de ossos envolve o uso de autoclave, descarnagem manual, calcinação e moagem dos ossos. As condições de preparação foram estudadas em função das condições de calcinação, moagem e lavagem do osso. A calcinação foi estudada através de análises térmicas e difração de raios X de diferentes partes do animal. O pó obtido foi caracterizado por análises químicas, medida de granulometria por difração de laser, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que a matéria-prima obtida neste trabalho possui propriedades similares das originalmente utilizadas nas indústrias inglesas com baixo teor de ferro e partículas coloidais e que podem ser calcinadas a temperaturas inferiores a 1000 °C. Bone china is a special kind of porcelain, very hard and translucent, nowadays manufactured almost exclusively in England and in few other parts of the world, but not in Brazil. Its raw-materials comprise about fifty percent of bone ash, together with kaolin and a feldspar mineral. This paper presents the preparation and the characterization of bone ash obtained from bovine bones, with the objective of obtaining bone china. The preparation of the bone ash involves the use of an autoclave, manual removal of the meat, firing, and milling the bones. The preparation conditions were studied as a function of the firing conditions, milling, and washing the powder bones. The firing step was studied by thermal analyses TG-DTA and X-ray diffraction, whereas the obtained powder was characterized in terms of its chemical composition (X-ray fluorescence), particle size distribution (laser diffraction), and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the obtained raw-material exhibits similar properties to the ones of the bone ash used by the English industry, with low iron content and colloidal particles when calcined at temperatures lower than 1000 °C.

A porcelana de ossos - bone china - é uma cerâmica de corpo especial de grande dureza e translucidez exclusivamente fabricada na Inglaterra e em outras poucas partes do mundo, mas não no Brasil. Suas matérias-primas são compostas por aproximadamente metade de cinza de ossos, além de caulim e feldspato. O trabalho apresenta a obtenção e caracterização de cinza de ossos a partir de ossos bovinos com o objetivo da fabricação de porcelanas. No processo de preparação da cinza de ossos envolve o uso de autoclave, descarnagem manual, calcinação e moagem dos ossos. As condições de preparação foram estudadas em função das condições de calcinação, moagem e lavagem do osso. A calcinação foi estudada através de análises térmicas e difração de raios X de diferentes partes do animal. O pó obtido foi caracterizado por análises químicas, medida de granulometria por difração de laser, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que a matéria-prima obtida neste trabalho possui propriedades similares das originalmente utilizadas nas indústrias inglesas com baixo teor de ferro e partículas coloidais e que podem ser calcinadas a temperaturas inferiores a 1000 °C.