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Early education provision in the state‐maintained sector has historically played an important role in ensuring equitable access to high‐quality early education in England. These settings have higher qualification requirements than other providers, and as they have been concentrated in areas of higher disadvantage, children from lower income households have been more likely to attend them. This paper shows that this phenomenon is changing: children from lower income households are considerably less likely to attend maintained settings than they were in 2010. Their higher likelihood compared with other children is also declining, while the share attending private nursery settings has increased sharply. Using the National Pupil Database, the paper explores the reasons why, identifying three main factors: a general decline in maintained provision across the country, probably linked to changes in national funding practices; changes in the geography of poverty; and the extension of free early education places to disadvantaged 2‐year‐olds, which inadvertently led to children entering and remaining in lower quality settings. The paper illustrates the inherent trade‐off policymakers face between expanding early childhood education and care provision and maintaining the quality necessary for services to function as social investment. It contributes both to early childhood education and care policy studies in England and to the wider international literature on mixed economy approaches to early childhood education and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of transforming natural marine space into proliferative capital holds global significance in modern modes of production. Under China's socialist market economy, the property rights system and resource allocation methods have created a unique approach to the capitalization of marine space. Drawing on concepts related to the capitalization of space and land, this paper develops the idea of the capitalization of marine space. It is a process where the right to use the sea area is transferred by the rights holders through methods such as transfer, lease, or shares and is ultimately put into production as a means of production to realize the creation of capital value and surplus value. Using the mariculture industry on Guanglu Island in Changhai County as a case, this analysis delves into the process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China, the world's leading mariculture nation, while considering the material agency of marine space. The research results show that: ① The specific realization process of marine space capitalization in the mariculture industry has gone through three stages: from natural marine space to marine space resources, from marine space resources to marine space assets, and the participation of marine space assets in creating value and surplus value. ② The material agency of marine space determines the feasibility of the capitalization of marine space and is also the decisive subject in shaping the specific practice of capitalization. The survival and profit needs of mariculture fishermen and enterprises drive the realization of the capitalization of marine space. China's central and local governments participate in realizing the capitalization of marine space with the relevant institutional policies and norms aimed at economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article examines the localization of market socialism in China and its impact. The historical review traces the adoption of market socialism in the 1970s as a guiding ideology for China's socialist market economy reforms, contributing significantly to economic development. However, these reforms have concurrently led to a surge in individualism, materialism, and inequality. The article explores the theoretical mechanisms and empirical manifestations of this trend in China's ecological, cultural, social, and educational domains. The research carries implications for comprehending market socialism as a global ideology and investigating its localization in China, along with the ensuing consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of composites reinforced with aligned recycled carbon fiber (CF) is gaining increasing attention, particularly in light of the circular economy. Hybrid yarns, among other oriented reinforcements, have gained interest from researchers who have already utilized them to produce unidirectional thermoplastic composites. Nevertheless, the evaluation of unidirectional thermosetting composites reinforced with hybrid yarns is still lacking. This article presents their production, leveraging a recently developed process, and mechanical characterization. The results show that the amount of recycled CF and the number of draw frame doublings within the hybrid yarns affect the tensile properties of the composite, while the thermoplastic fiber has no influence, as also suggested by the main effect plots. Two-way interactions exhibit different behaviors depending on the tensile property considered. Overall, the composite material with the best tensile properties was that reinforced with a ring-spun hybrid yarn consisting of 70% recycled CF, 30% polyamide, and five draw frame doublings. HIGHLIGHTS: Unidirectional thermosetting recycled CFRPs were produced and characterized; Recycled CF's quantity and draw frame doubling's number affect mechanical properties; Thermoplastic fiber has no influence on mechanical properties; Ring-spun hybrid yarn with 70% recycled CF, 30% polyamide, and 5 draw frame doublings provides CFRP with the best mechanical properties; [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability strategy focuses on conscious production and consumption, with the circular economy (CE) as an innovative approach to maximize resource value and minimize waste. Industry 4.0 technologies like AI, robotics, and blockchain play a significant role in enhancing the competitiveness of businesses pursuing the CE. These advanced technologies help organizations achieve their sustainability goals, particularly within the CE framework. The study analyses how Industry 4.0‐driven CE practices impact sustainable business performance, using the Indian textile industry as a case study. The researchers developed a three‐stage hybrid decision‐making framework, integrating various methods to assess sustainable performance. A novel three‐stage hybrid decision‐making framework was developed by integrating Kendall's agreement test (Kendall's W), fuzzy Delphi, best–worst method (BWM), full consistency method (FUCOM), and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) methods. The findings highlight positive outcomes such as enhanced incentives, government support, greener logistics, and improved monitoring of emissions, waste, and pollution. However, there is room for further improvements to address market demand and increase the profitability of green products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to demographic and socio-economic shifts in China's transitional economy, influenced by neo-liberalism, the state has actively encouraged greater volunteer participation in supporting older people in urban China. To understand the effectiveness of volunteer mobilisation for old-age support, 39 qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with older people, supplemented by the views of expert informants including NGO operators, Residents Committee officers, academics and a government official in Beijing and Guangzhou. The findings highlight that older people value the emotional support provided by volunteers. However, policymakers must address challenges related to mobilising volunteers for old-age support. As the state emphasises increased volunteer use to meet the growing needs of older people amid ongoing socio-economic changes, sustaining the long-standing practice of mutual help becomes more difficult. To address this, efforts should focus on establishing a local platform to coordinate volunteer resources, strengthening existing formal community support services with volunteer services serving as a supplementary source and finding ways to sustain young retirees' involvement as community volunteers, which represents valuable social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The intention to more effectively mobilise and integrate the capabilities of the community pharmacy workforce within primary care is clearly stated within National Health Service (NHS) England policy. The Pharmacy Integration Fund (PhIF) was established in 2016 to support the development of clinical pharmacy practice in a range of primary care settings, including community pharmacy. Objective: This study sought to determine how PhIF funded learning pathways for post-registration pharmacists and accuracy checking pharmacy technicians enabled community pharmacy workforce transformation, in what circumstances, and why. Methods: Realist evaluation. We identified two main programme theories underpinning the PhIF programme and tested these theories against data collected through 41 semi-structured qualitative interviews with community pharmacist and pharmacy technician learners, educational supervisors, and community pharmacy employers. Results: The data supported the initial programme theories and indicated that the learning pathway for post-registration pharmacists had also provided opportunity for pharmacists to develop and consolidate their clinical skills before pursuing an independent prescribing qualification. Employer support was a key factor influencing learner participation, whilst employer engagement was mediated by perceptions of value expectancy and clarity of purpose. The study also highlights the influence of contextual factors within the community pharmacy setting on opportunities for the application of learning in practice. Conclusions: When designing and implementing workforce transformation plans and funded service opportunities that require the engagement of a diverse range of private, for-profit businesses within a mixed economy setting, policymakers should consider the contextual factors and mechanisms influencing participation of all stakeholder groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new series on the evolution of wealth‐income ratios in India. I construct a new macro‐history dataset, covering the period 1860–2018 and containing historical series on the composition and level of national wealth, national income, savings, investment and prices. These data show a gradual rise in India's national wealth‐to‐national income ratio (β = W/Y) since the mid‐twentieth century, with the main takeoff occurring around the end of the twentieth century. I ascribe this pattern to the steady increase in saving rates since independence which were themselves the consequence of income shifts in favor of higher saving sectors under India's mixed economy era. Prior to 1950, wealth‐income ratios fluctuated a lot on account of land prices and low economic growth. These series offer an alternative timeline of wealth concentration in the absence of long‐run distributional data. In colonial India, land was dominant in national wealth, and its ownership was concentrated. In recent decades the importance of capital and urban land—both also concentrated in ownership—has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his article in this journal, Michael Jacobs lists the multiple overlapping crises which now affect the world. These include climate change and rising economic inequality. This comment endorses his emphasis on institutions and his call for richer institutional analyses to help develop viable policies to deal with these problems. But, on the other hand, this comment criticises his use of the term 'neoliberalism' to identify a major source of our current difficulties. Many 'neoliberals' are said to favour market solutions. But the term has become so vague that it is linked to not only economists such as Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, but also to others who accept some markets in a mixed economy. Opposition to 'neoliberalism' then involves a rejection of market reforms in economies such as China and of mixed economies more generally. The word now means so many different things that it has becomes unusable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes London workhouse infirmaries in the eighteenth century to explore how medical infrastructure was produced and administered through negotiated contestation between local elites and the poor they governed. It shows how workhouse infirmaries manufactured and reinforced social arrangements at a time of transition when advancing capitalism fractured elements of the traditional caring economy. Yet the codifying of customary social obligations in the Old Poor Law afforded the sick poor considerable traction in their demands for medical care demands that resulted in tangible changes to the structure and purpose of medical infrastructure during the early stages of industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market socialism emerged theoretically in the early 20th century with the socialist calculation debates and underwent significant transformations, influencing the reforms in Eastern Bloc countries in the 1980s. The practices and theoretical evolution in socialist countries over time indicate a gradual decrease in the emphasis on central planning in market socialism, particularly transitioning to fragmented and enterprise-based planning after the 1970s. Concurrently, strategic planning, which became widespread in developed capitalist countries during the same period, bears similarities to the planning approach in market socialism. The shift from centralized planning to a decentralized planning approach based on macro-level programs and decisions made at the institutional/local levels constitutes a fundamental element of market socialism and strategic planning. Both strategic planning and market socialism gained prominence after the 1970s, riding on the trend of decentralization in planning, which has been influential in different economic systems. This study delves into the theoretical development of market socialism and prominent practices in socialist countries to illustrate the intersectionality in the field of planning between capitalist and socialist countries, while also examining the relationship between strategic planning and market socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological bone chemical composition is modified post-mortem by diagenesis processes, and over decades, several authors have proposed different protocols to avoid post-depositional contamination that can carry to misleading interpretations about the lifestyle and origin of ancient populations. In this work, a methodological approach based on rare earth elements analysis was developed to determine diagenetic alterations on femurs, humeri, and skull surfaces, and internal layers from thirteen individuals exhumed during fieldwork in the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Mosque at Rozafa Castle (Shkodër, Albania). Major, minor, and trace elements, including rare earth elements, were measured employing spectrometric techniques, and the obtained data were statistically processed by principal component analysis and one-way ANOVA to select the best preserved bones. The results show that in general, the internal parts of bones, especially skulls, suffered post-depositional chemical contamination. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a diet reconstruction employing log(Sr/Ca) and Zn/Ca was tested, obtaining results that are in line with the literature describing a diet based on a mixed economy, mostly agricultural products with low protein intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative political economy scholarship struggles to categorise Italy's model of capitalism between a mixed-market economy and a hybrid, stagnant economic system. To enhance our understanding of the Italian political economy, this article employs the analytical framework of growth regimes to study Italy's regional economic systems. Our analysis indicates that Italy can hardly be defined as a 'national growth regime' due to the presence of two diametrically opposed regional growth regimes: Northern regions conform to a manufacturing-based, export-led growth regime supported by competitiveness-enhancing territorial institutions; southern regions conform to a particular variety of the consumption-led growth regime, that is, an administrative Keynesianism regime, which we theorise to typify a regime where growth and employment are systematically dependent on the state's role of employer of last resort, the state's consumption-enhancing social policies and economic forbearance of labour and corporate tax regulations. The article suggests that studying regional growth regimes is desirable when marked internal diversity in economic outcomes or productive structures exists across regions within (generally larger) countries, and when subnational governments have powers to develop major own institutions/policies in support of regional growth regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the context and the objectives of setting up a Planning Commission in a mixed economy framework that India had adopted in the post-colonial period. It also deals with its working, the method of framing a Five-Year Plan, the operation of a plan in the federal democratic system and its adaptation in the paradigm shift from a command economy to a market-driven system. The article further discusses both its contributions, as well as the various frailties that have crept into its functioning, and makes a case for restructuring and reforms. The article briefly indicates the shape of things to come after dismantling the Planning Commission in 2015 and replacing it with a new institution called the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog, with new mandates. JEL Code: O29 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a systemic comparison of minimum wage decision-making in Korea and Taiwan. It demonstrates that Korea's big-business-dominated economy builds confrontational labour–business relations to be exploited by political parties, resulting in partisan decisions on the minimum wage, to a greater extent than Taiwan's more mixed economy. A large social divide based on the economic structure translates into a substantial partisan difference in minimum wage policies, when endorsed by the unique features of the minimum wage issue and carried out through the agents of the tripartite commission. As seen from the outcomes, a marked difference exists between Korea and Taiwan: Korea shows a dramatic fluctuation in annual minimum-wage increases, whereas Taiwan's increases remain stable across different governments. Korean governments actively respond to their core constituencies, whether labour or business, while Taiwan governments seek to strike a balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although social incubators provide a variety of entrepreneurial support, little is known regarding their design, implementation, operation and management. The identification and characterization of the clients and stakeholders of social incubators is complicated by multiple definitions of entrepreneurship and multiple typologies of entrepreneurs. Their ventures are accompanied by strategic and tactical confusion about objectives and populations served. This study investigates the dynamics of incubator clients' needs and attributes as they interact with the values and interests of other stakeholders in a social incubator focused on survival entrepreneurs. Our sampling was a medium sized mixed economy town in Brazil. Our thirteen-month ethnographic study analyzed the collective struggle to transcend the tensions between social and economic values and improve the lives of vulnerable populations. Central to this struggle is the incubator management's unique humanistic ideology coupled with the search for realistic concrete results modulated by community and client attributes. Through our analysis of various interventions that occurred within the social incubator, we discuss the importance of getting to know the vulnerable to better manage social incubators that focus on subsistence entrepreneurship. These contents are valued when discussed in the context of the evolutionary phases (or trajectory) of the vulnerable in a social incubator from welcoming through training, to improvement and other phases, until citizens' autonomy is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further improve the fuel economy of hybrid tractors, an energy management strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) solved by dynamic programming (DP) is proposed, taking into account the various typical operating conditions of tractors. A coupled dynamics model was constructed for a series diesel–electric hybrid tractor under three typical working conditions: plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation. Using DP to solve for the globally optimal SOC change trajectory under each operating condition of the tractor as the SOC constraint for MPC, we designed an energy management strategy based on DP-MPC. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform was built using components such as Matlab/Simulink, NI-Veristand, PowerCal, HIL test cabinet, and vehicle controller. The designed energy management strategy was then tested using the HIL test platform. The test results show that, compared with the energy management strategy based on power following, the DP-MPC-based energy management strategy reduces fuel consumption by approximately 7.97%, 13.06%, and 11.03%, respectively, under the three operating conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation. This achieves fuel-saving performances of approximately 91.34%, 94.87%, and 96.69% compared to global dynamic programming. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. This research can provide an important reference for the design of energy management strategies for hybrid tractors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agropastoralism has prevailed in Inner Asia since the Bronze Age. It is an optimal subsistence strategy of inhabitants for adaptation to arid marginal environment. However, previous studies paid little attention to different development trajectories of this mixed economy within similar habitat. The Turpan and Hami Basins, located in eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, are two typical desert oases with extremely dry climate, providing us with an appropriate region to investigate the issue. In present study, radiocarbon dates (n = 154) of eight typical sites in these two basins were reviewed and used to reconstruct the prehistoric chronology sequence prior to Han Dynasty (2200 cal BP). Then the data of botanical and faunal remains and stable isotope analyses (n = 159) of human diets from these sites were also reviewed for reliably revealing the subsistence economy pattern. Combining the time scale with multiple biological proxies, results show that, from the Bronze Age to early Iron Age, inhabitant subsistence in the Turpan Basin was dominated by livestock herding and supplemented by low-investment cereal crop cultivation, while the agriculture in Turpan Basin has developed significantly by the later period of Subeixi Culture. In contrast, agriculture-based economy was continuously developed in the Hami oases. Although the climate is very dry in both basins, temperature in warm seasons is much higher in the Turpan Basin. Besides thermal condition, size, range and convenient availability of highland pasture located at the southern flank of the Tianshan Mountains, are main driving factors leading to differentiated development trajectories of agropastoralism. Apart from that, cultural factors like economy, culture and technology communication along with population migration also impact local subsistence economy pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of networks is at the forefront of studies on plural policing, but concepts, typologies and theories focus more on collaborations than on conflicts. Based on a case study of the largest port complex in South America, the Brazilian port of Santos, this article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding capital struggles in security networks. It explores how struggles emerge from dynamics in which the network is at stake, such as membership and principles, or the forms of capital within it, which are claimed, contested, disputed or abdicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new form of social wealth, digital wealth is becoming an important force in the promotion of common prosperity. In the digital economy era, digital labor and data factors are important sources for creating digital wealth. The creation of digital commodity wealth is reflected in the process of value formation and value appreciation of digital goods, as well as in the expansion and reproduction process of data production factors. The creation of digital non-commodity wealth needs to rely on the coordination of multiple supply systems including government, enterprises, society and platforms. In the distribution of digital wealth in a socialist market economy, it is necessary to adhere to the basic distribution system with remuneration based on work as the main form and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods. It should fully reflect the value contribution of data factors while also addressing and resolving potential polarization effects caused by the distribution of digital wealth. On the basis of the new development stage, China should steadily advance the creation and accumulation of digital wealth on the basis of constantly strengthening, improving and expanding the digital economy, and should pay attention to standardizing the distribution of digital wealth in order to achieve a solid advance in the common prosperity of all the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracked vehicles are integral for maneuvering diverse terrains, with hybrid propulsion systems offering potential benefits in terms of fuel efficiency and performance. However, research in hybrid electric tracked vehicles remains limited, thus necessitating a comprehensive analysis to maximize their advantages. This study presents a numerical analysis focusing on optimizing hybridization in speed-coupled parallel hybrid electric powertrains for tracked vehicles. A dynamic programming algorithm and custom drive cycle are utilized to determine optimal hybridization factors and assess parameter sensitivities. The study reveals that a hybridization factor of 0.48 is optimal for speed-coupled parallel configurations. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis underscores the substantial impact of factors such as the engine displacement and bore-to-stroke ratio on the fuel economy, with a 10% change in these parameters potentially influencing the fuel economy by up to 2%, thus emphasizing the importance of thorough consideration during powertrain sizing. Parallel hybrid configurations exhibit considerable potential for tracked vehicles, thus highlighting the viability of choosing them over series configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's adoption of economic planning and the mixed economy model, addressing the urgent issues of unemployment and poverty, enabled substantial economic growth. Since attaining independence, the Indian government has instituted various Programmes to tackle unemployment and poverty. The advancement of a nation depends on the empowerment of its female populace. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on women residing in rural regions of Assam. This research aimed to evaluate the degree to which MGNREGA in Assam facilitates the economic empowerment of women. The researcher selects a rural area in the Bongaigaon district to conduct the study. The research examined the effects of MGNREGA on income and employment generation in the Bongaigaon district through the use of primary and secondary data. The researcher selected two blocks, specifically Srijangram and Boitamari Block. To assess the effectiveness of MGNREGA on income generation among respondents, the researcher employs a Difference in Differences model. The Difference in Difference technique has produced favorable results based on a sample of 100 households in Bongaigaon district. The researcher employed percentage analysis, ANOVA, and graphical methods to achieve the specific objective of the study. The ANOVA test has revealed a positive correlation between financial independence and women's empowerment within the framework of MGNREGA implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses China's commitment to promoting human rights based on its national conditions and development goals. It highlights the importance of a people-centered approach to human rights, emphasizing the rights to subsistence and development as fundamental. China advocates for coordinated progress in all human rights categories and stresses the importance of safeguarding human rights through the rule of law. The country also emphasizes constructive dialogue and cooperation in global human rights governance, aiming to contribute positively to the international community. [Extracted from the article]

This article critiques the ongoing dominance of the Hollywood monomyth in the film and television industry, at least in the UK if not more widely. It considers how this is impacting on the teaching of narrative and story in university film and media departments as they move towards stronger collaborations with industry. It argues for the importance of two-way dialogue to help equip students and their future employers for a world facing complex global challenges. Drawing on the author's extensive experience in teaching and practice-led research, it advocates for a creative problem-solving approach which decentres conflict-driven models of narrative development, such as the Hero's Journey, placing them alongside alternative models which engage with the relationship between conflict and harmony in a variety of different ways. Considering narrative structures such as Kishōtenketsu, indigenous storytelling methods and the author's own work with the Polyphonic Documentary project, the need for a genuinely inclusive and expansive approach is brought to the fore. A mixed economy is considered to be essential, with experimental and traditional approaches preparing students for current industry demands whilst also encouraging them to shape future storytelling landscapes. The argument is made that this is crucial to foster a nuanced understanding of narrative and story that can respond creatively and effectively to the demands of a rapidly changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a review of two books that offer insights into the experiences of the Uyghur population in Xinjiang, China. The first book focuses on the experiences of Uyghur migrants in Ürümchi and the effects of securitization and internment on their lives. The second book explores the experiences of Uyghur writer Ilham Tohti, who was imprisoned for advocating for Uyghur rights. The review highlights the fear, violence, and dispossession faced by the Uyghur community and the role of capitalism in exacerbating these issues. It also discusses the limitations of the research and the lack of representation of women in the accounts. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the books and their contributions to understanding the Uyghur situation in Xinjiang. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on challenging the conventional belief that market mechanisms and socialism are inherently contradictory. It examines the arguments against market socialism, particularly those that claim it cannot align with socialist principles of collective ownership and equality. It emphasizes the potential for market socialism to achieve economic efficiency while promoting social justice and equitable distribution of resources.

John Stuart Mill is considered one of the most important representatives of the classical school of political economy. His intellectual development exhibited a gradual transition toward more socialistic views. This transition was partly the result of his interaction with French utopian socialists, which led Mill to theoretically construct an economic system lying between what is now called market capitalism and revolutionary socialism. For Mill, socialism would be a new organic period after the transitory and critical period of the "stationary state." This paper delineates the core tenets of Mill's stationary state and presents it as an early anticipation of what from the 1920s on is called "market socialism." Mill's optimistic vision of the stationary state was based on the spread of associations, the socialization of knowledge among all people, competition, and the importance of individuality. These elements are connected with Mill's idiosyncratic, liberal and utilitarianist vision of (market) socialism which prepares the ground for his socialist utopia based on the ideal "from each according to his capacities; to each according to his needs." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the performance of safety and fuel economy of connected hybrid electric vehicles (CHEVs), a novel distributed hierarchical platoon control scheme of CHEVs is proposed. First, the non‐linear dynamic model of CHEVs platooning is established to accurately depict the multi‐process coupling characteristics of CHEVs. Then, a distributed hierarchical control framework for CHEVs platooning is proposed, which is consisted of a upper model predictive control (MPC) law and a lower energy management control law. The upper MPC control law is built to produce the desired accelerations of every vehicle in the platoon and the lower fuzzy‐based energy management control law is constructed to ensure the engine maintain at the rang of optimum working point and the motor work with the high efficiency of CHEVs platooning. Finally, the results manifest that the effectiveness of proposed platoon control scheme for CHEVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the volatility spillover index method based on the quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) model, this paper systematically examines structural changes and corresponding spillover effects within 20 major stock markets under both extreme and normal market conditions, using data spanning from January 2005 to January 2023. The results show that, compared to the traditional volatility spillover index method, which focuses mainly on average spillover effects, the QVAR model-based spillover index better captures spillover effects under extreme and various market conditions among global stock markets. The connections between stock markets are closer in extreme market conditions. The total spillover index of major global stock markets significantly increases in extreme conditions compared to normal conditions. In extreme market conditions, inflow indices show varying degrees of increase, with emerging economy stock markets displaying more significant increases. The outflow indices exhibit heterogeneity; emerging economies show consistent increases, while developed economies show mixed changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In "Fragile Victory: The Making and Unmaking of Liberal Order" by James E. Cronin, the author explores the development and decline of the international liberal order since the 1940s, focusing on the relationship between domestic liberal democracy and economic prosperity. Cronin argues that the liberal order, shaped by the US and UK, was culturally contested and ideologically flawed, leading to its eventual unraveling. The book delves into the complexities of liberalism, capitalism, and democracy, highlighting the differences between American and British interpretations of liberal values and practices. [Extracted from the article]

With the increasing prominence of climate and energy issues, enterprises, as the micro-subjects of economic activities, need to pay attention to environmental responsibility to promote sustainable and high-quality economic development. However, one of the crucial controversies is whether enterprises will sacrifice efficiency to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. To try our best to answer the controversy, this paper explores the impact of ESG on total factor productivity and its mechanism. The research conclusion shows that Chinese enterprises fulfilling ESG responsibilities can improve staff efficiency, reduce financing costs, ease financing constraints, and increase innovation investment, thus effectively improving total factor productivity. Compared to non-state-owned enterprises, this effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the promotion of ESG construction on the total factor productivity of enterprises also presents specific acceleration characteristics. This shows that in the socialist market economy environment, there is an obvious "social responsibility dividend" in the implementation of the ESG concept by Chinese enterprises, which is helpful to enhance their long-term value and realize a win-win of social value and commercial value. The conclusions of this study help deal correctly with the relationship between business value and social value of enterprises and provide inspiration for promoting healthy and sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collapse of the former Soviet Union signaled failure of large-scale experiment in communitarian property. Privatization reform consequently was taken as the start point to transfer the planned economy to a market economy by the post socialist countries. This also occurred in economic transition countries such as China. However, in overcoming the tragedy of the commons privatization might create anticommons problems. Here we develop a nested common-private interface framework from the perspective of resource system and resource units and apply this framework to explain reforms of rangeland property in China and Kyrgyzstan. We confirmed that the root of the dilemma, either caused by commons or anticommons, can be attributed to the interface mismatch between individual elements and common elements. Trying to overcome the dilemma by changing property arrangements alone cannot eliminate the incentive mismatch caused by the common-private interface. Institutions aimed at alleviating the mismatch are accordingly required. Theoretically, this framework converts Ostrom's concept of commons into liberal commons that the members have options to exit, which is becoming increasingly common in the current global context of marketization. In the real world, this framework can serve to understand the property reform progress of transition countries, and may enlighten future property reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants contribute to both the national economy and the well- being of forest villagers. In addition, these plants are generally used in a variety of industries such as medicine, food, paint, and perfumery. It is gaining popularity, and individuals are turning to herbal therapy as an alternative medical treatment. These medicinal plants can be popularised and utilised to boost the economies of medicinal-growing countries and provide livelihoods for local stakeholders. Furthermore, overexploitation of these therapeutic plants should be restricted, important species with high marketing potential should be protected, and cultivation of these plants should be encouraged for future use. Against this background, this study employs a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making technique to identify the medicinal and aromatic plants that contribute the most to the Turkish economy. The medicinal and aromatic plants that contributed the most to the country’s economy were found to be poppy seed, thyme, and laurel leaves. Moreover, the seed (sesame seed, flax seed, safflower seed) plants are determined as the least contributing medicinal and aromatic plants to the country’s economy. Cumin, anise, and salvia have also potential in terms of economics. Hence, these findings can help the farmers and decision-makers to determine which plants are more economically beneficial. Thus, plants with high economic value can be cultivated and exported to the rest of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds a bridge between research on the queer economy and that on the mixed economy of welfare by developing the 'queer economy of welfare mix' framework. While the two fields are related, there is a lack of discussion about the queer dimensions of the mixed economy of welfare or the mixed strategies employed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals to explore the benefits and limitations of the queer economy. The purpose of our framework is to show how local and transnational goods provided by the mixed economy of welfare can enable LGBTQ+ individuals to organise their welfare through the mixed strategies – citizen strategy, consumer strategy, and consumer-citizen strategy. By examining Taiwan's legalised same-sex marriage and its impact on Hong Kong and Mainland China, we demonstrate the empirical significance of the framework, which serves as an analytical tool for examining the government's role in promoting LGBTQ+ individuals' welfare and the challenges involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the notion of socialism has been swept into almost total disrepute. The more recent economic literature, however, has shown a resurgence of interest in the concept of socialism, albeit on very different theoretical grounds than in the past. This article investigates the reasons for the socialist movement's historical distrust of the development of "well-defined" economic projects. This attitude seems to have disappeared in contemporary "socialist projects". The article also discusses the Shareholder Socialism proposal developed by economist Corneo (Is capitalism obsolete? A journey through alternative economic systems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2017, Ann Public Coop Econ 89(1):11–24, 2018, Rev Soc Econ 77(1):35–55, 2019) and proposes a different mathematical formulation of the mechanism through which the takeover of private industries by the public sector should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy management strategy (EMS) of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is the key to optimize the energy conversion performance of the whole vehicle power system. The performance of EMS could be affected by vehicle parameters such as vehicle speed, battery state of charge (SOC) and the environmental parameters including the current following state jointly. Combining the following state of the vehicle with EMS can be beneficial to improve the road performance of HEV. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization framework for safe following, comfort and fuel economy of HEV is established based on model predictive control (MPC) under both urban and high-speed conditions, and the kinematic parameter of the preceding vehicle was predicted on the basis of third-order Markov model. Simulation tests including urban and high-speed working condition are carried out respectively and results show that the following vehicle maintains expected following safety and comfort. Meanwhile, compared to the typical rule-based strategy and equivalent consumption minimum strategy (ECMS), the fuel economy has also been increased by 29.8% and 9.2% in UDDS working condition, 25.2% and 6.1% in WLTC working condition, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's urban agglomeration is not only crucial to tackle with the more and more contradiction between population, resources and environment, but also an important spatial actor to increase the global competitiveness and promote the transformation of China's economic development mode. In the national "14th Five-Year Plan" in 2021, it is proposed to "promote the coordinated and development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns based on urban agglomeration and metropolitan area". Generally, 19 urban agglomerations designated in this Plan are heterogeneous in development level and national functions. To this end, from the nature of urban agglomerations, especially on agglomeration economy and functional urban region hypothesis, the research focuses on the spatial pattern and changes of these 19 areas mainly based on the 6th and 7th national census. The findings show that, China's UAs are unique in driving forces, and spatial patterns as well. China's UAs are more state-led, though now the marketing forces more and more crucial. The UAs have been evolved from the early planned economy period to the reform and opening up period, and then to the further development of the Socialist market economy until now. Unlike other typical UAs abroad, most of the developed UAs are more specialized in manufacture, not in producer services, though these regions show a remarkable high-end services oriented shift in 2010–2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note starts from Hodgson's (2023) thorough review and critique of Guild Socialism and argues that his proposed way forward—a decentralised producer cooperative sector embedded in a competitive market economy—is likely to be a political impossibility. A political economy model of a system of labour-managed firms is outlined which shows that laissez-faire on investment decisions is likely to be outvoted by a capital tax/subsidy scheme that redistributes income from rich coops to poor coops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay offers an overview of the state and perspectives of comparative economics in Europe. The starting point is the publication of the collected works of Mario Nuti, but the overview covers several Handbooks and collections as well as individual contributions. The big picture of the post-transition period highlights the relevance of "old" comparative economics, especially when interpreting illiberal practices in the post-communist Europe and the debate on the nature and limitations of the Chinese market socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in socialism is growing throughout the world. But "socialism" too often simply means belief in equality, democracy, and solidarity with working and oppressed people. That vision remains crucial; but we also need to re-develop the theory of a socialist system —not just a middle path, a "mixed economy" between the excesses of market-driven behavior ("capitalism") and the inadequacies of central planning ("socialism"). A re-envisioned socialism can draw upon both historical experience and modern technology, to become a new and distinctive way of life, one that truly meets the awesome challenges of human potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating through digital platforms, the digital economy has flourished, becoming the core driver and new motive force of economic growth and demonstrating its advantages in terms of scale, effectiveness, and penetration. Nevertheless, the digital economy, as an important element in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, remains dominated by private capital, and this has caused many problems. The government of China proposes not only to prevent the disorderly expansion of capital, but also to use the role of capital as an important factor of production in the market economy and a means of subjecting capital to a system of "traffic lights." In this context, the article starts out from the theoretical logic of the dual nature of capital and of the "tension" created by the inherent contradictions of digital capital and the practical logic of the "gravitational force" exerted by the mega-size of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. The article then expounds on the historical inevitability of the emergence of digital public capital, and systematically sets out the compositional map of the pluralistic digital capital system dominated by digital public capital and developed together with digital non-public capital. Finally, and on this basis, it draws conclusions and makes policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vietnam's embrace of the Leninist-capitalist hybrid known as the socialist market economy has led to a number of food transformations. These include increasing food imports, heavy investment by powerful domestic and foreign actors in food production and retailing, and the scaling up of domestic agriculture, as well as a range of problematic dietary changes. In an urban food scene that is tremendously rich in the number and diversity of its food spaces, the prevalence of eating out has increased dramatically. Related to affordability, convenience, time, consumer culture, and the search for the good life, eating out has become embedded in everyday life in late-socialist Hanoi. Ongoing food transformations are seeing many of these food practices move from the streets to air-conditioned restaurants. Based on eating ethnography, this article analyzes the boom in eating out in contemporary Hanoi. Studying the interplay among social practices, urban foodscapes, and political economy, and focusing on the middle-class good life and the structural conditions underpinning it, the article analyzes the visible and invisible geographies of food. The latter includes the increasing dominance of capitalist actors in late-socialist foodscapes as cheap food is enabled by intensified animal slaughter and the deep structural inequalities produced by Vietnam's compressed capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reciprocity, redistribution, and (market) exchange were the "forms of integration" put forward by Karl Polanyi as a "special tool box" to investigate relations between economy and society where the principle of price‐forming markets is not (yet) dominant. Though intended as the basis for a comparative alternative to the universalist assumptions of mainstream (neoclassical) economics, Polanyi did not make significant use of these concepts to analyze the noncapitalist societies of his day. This article investigates his Hungarian homeland, which in four decades of socialism evolved from Stalinist central planning to a mixed economy in which (re)distribution was supplemented by the expansion of market exchange, with personal taxation playing a negligible role. The constellation of (re)distribution and market has changed significantly in the postsocialist (neoliberal) era, but Scandinavian‐type societal reciprocity has remained elusive. Long after admission to the European Union, Hungarian fiscal and social policy regimes are distinctive as the market form of integration combines with low taxation and political interventions to (re)distribute resources (including transfer income from the EU) to support the formation of a national bourgeoisie. Theoretically, the perspective of the socialist Karl Polanyi is contrasted with that of the liberal institutionalist economist János Kornai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michel Houellebecq's representations of selfhood, both in his theoretical works and literary oeuvre, depict the self as unstable, decentered or fluid, evoking postmodern theory about the dissociative nature of the self. In his essay "Approaches to Distress" (1997), he posits the notion of the "mutable self," and, for the unmoored protagonists of his novels, self-identity becomes increasingly fractured and fluid as they are engulfed by what the author terms "the market society." Herein, the individual is enjoined to adapt and change (in consonance with market forces, consumer tastes, social trends) while fixed values and identities are swept away by the mutability of capitalism. In his representations of selfhood, Houellebecq evokes the theories of Baudrillard and Jameson concerning postmodern schizophrenia, the latter eschewing clinical definitions of the term to offer a diagnosis of the subject's fractured psychical apparatus and loss of subjectivity in postmodernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]