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Copyright of Slovenská Literatúra: Revue Pre Literárnu Vedu is the property of Institute of Slovak Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Decades before beer brewing transformed into a truly global industry toward the end of the nineteenth century, Central Europe – primarily the Habsburg monarchy and the German states – emerged as a sort of laboratory in which networks were forged, new inventions tested, new beer sorts copied, and in which people, knowledge, and materials traveled back and forth, resulting in an increasing convergence of the trade and a standardization of the product. Since the end of the eighteenth century, Central European beer brewing increasingly relied on technological innovation and scientific knowledge; brewers became an internationally mobile, educated class which formed a loose community with contacts to one another. Following the careers of four Central European brewers, František Ondřej Poupě, Gabriel Sedlmayr senior and his son, Gabriel Sedlmayr junior, and Anton Schwarz, this article demonstrates how the dense network of contacts, the advent of scientific brewing, and the knowledge transfer within the region helped set the stage for the boom of the industry from the 1870s on.

This chapter relates post-1918 Italy to the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the ascent of the successor states, and analyses, from the Trieste's vantage point, fascist projects, practices and networks of 'empire' in the Adriatic Sea, in Mitteleuropa and in the Balkans between 1918 and 1938. It focuses on three connected aspects. Firstly, the northern Adriatic was the first setting of the ascent of squadrismo, a model of violent action against 'enemies within' then replicated elsewhere. Secondly, Italian nationalism and imperialism aimed to reconfigure the post-Habsburg economic space and to reconnect the Adriatic with Central and Balkan Europe. Thirdly, Italian nationalist (then Fascist) élites from Trieste played a critical role, by boosting processes of empire-building and defending Austria vis-à-vis the prospects of Anschluss. In sum, the Habsburg legacies kept on shaping the dynamics of Italianization and fascistization in northern Adriatic and on feeding the search for Italy's informal empire in Central and Southeastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writers belonging to cultures once subordinated to the Austrian Empire display a dual attitude towards the Centre: both rejection and nostalgia. These circumstances are translated into a multitude of cultural, behavioural, psychological and psycholiterary features, as well as a wide range of literary procedures. Sorin Titel, Miloš Crnjanski—as well as Danilo Kiš, Herta Müller and others—are writers who lived the moment of the disintegration of the Empire, with everything that this meant for the European literature, in general, and for the literature of the Banat region, in particular. This study examines how such writers analyse the history of the nations they belong to and the local perception of the Centre (administration, religion, political leaders) while exploring how they approach themes such as exile, migration, and the trauma of being separated from the place of birth. Moreover, it highlights the aesthetic dimensions of the literature from Banat and the presence of the Danube as a natural link associated with the Central-European space, together with other relevant hydronyms and toponyms.

Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organischen Beutel gelegt, der verrottet war. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der archäologischen, metallographischen und paläobotanischen Untersuchungen des Hortes vorgestellt und diskutiert, unterstützt durch andere archäologisch dokumentierte Daten. Diese werden mit den Mustern der Bewegung und des Verbrauchs von Metallwaren im heutigen Polen während der Lausitzer Periode und dem weiteren Kontext der nordeuropäischen Bronzezeit in Beziehung gesetzt. In autumn 2020, a group of metal detectorists located 150 bronze artefacts on a forested dune near the village of Cierpice in north-central Poland. The hoard includes cheekpieces, phalerae, rattle and terret rings, and rein cuffs with wire links that had once formed parts of a horse bridle dating back to the Final Bronze Age. The bridle equipment was wrapped together with a socketed axe in a plant fibres packing and then carefully placed in an organic bag that had decayed. This article presents and discusses the results of archaeological, metallographic and paleobotanical examinations of the hoard, aided by other data documented archaeologically, and relates them to patterns of metalwork movement and consumption in the region of modern Poland during the Lusatian era and the wider context of the North European Bronze Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U-Pb isotope ages from magmatic zircon grains are provided for different volcanic rocks of the NW Saxonian Volcanic Basin within the Rochlitz and Wurzen volcanic systems. Measurements were obtained with LA-ICP-MS and revealed late Pennsylvanian to early Cisuralian ages (301-299 Ma). For the Rochlitz Volcanic System supereruption, we present for the first time a radiometric age consistent with biostratigraphic evidence. We report geochemical data for the Gnandstein Andesitoid, the Dölitzsch, Rüdigsdorf, Rochlitz and Wolftitz tuffs and the Rochlitz-α Ignimbrite. The results yield a modified picture of the Kohren, Rochlitz and Oschatz formations as well as new insights into the understanding of the complex volcano-tectonic processes of the NW Saxonian Volcanic Basin, an area of the Saxo-Thuringian Zone of the European Variscides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Three Seas Initiative was launched in 2015 by Croatia and Poland; today, it brings together 12 European states located in the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas basins. To understand the rationale behind this seemingly precarious regional project, this paper employs the optics of critical geopolitics, which shifts the focus away from the exclusive concerns of great powers machinations, counters the dominant narrative by emphasising the multiplicity of voices in the geopolitical spectrum and stresses the emancipatory nature of the whole project balanced by its heterarchical characteristic. This angle allows us to capture the full complexity of this geopolitical design characterised by two phenomena: 'being in between' (monolithic powers, areas of domination, or at least domination, one religion and one language) and 'fragmentation and multinationality'. The analysis demonstrates that Intermarium is an attempt to break away from everything that prevents the region 'between Berlin and Moscow' from being a subject, not an object of political affairs, and shows how Central and Eastern Europe fits into the post-liberal international order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the narratives of Claudio Magris and Amin Maalouf as a literature of identity, memory and testimony that seeks to foster social justice, dialogue and inclusivity in twenty-first-century Europe and the Mediterranean. In On Identity (Les Identités meurtrières, 1998) Maalouf investigates individual and collective identities, their elusive and treacherous dynamics, through a reflection that encompasses the Levant, the north-south Mediterranean divide and its endless permutations. Similarly, Magris's fictional characters occupy liminal worlds in which identities contaminate, overlap, and often dissolve, while exclusivist belonging reveals itself as a deceptive chimera. In Blindly (Alla cieca, 2006), Magris explores the legacy of twentieth-century destructive identitarian myths and presents an alternative history that derives from inhabiting alterity, in a process that makes his characters privileged interpreters of the past, often brothers and sisters of the subversive castaways of history. Maalouf's Balthasar's Odyssey (Le Périple de Baldassare, 2000) spans the Middle East and Europe and scrutinizes their respective fault lines and connective tissues that solicit transcultural and composite approaches to identity. Balthasar records his permanent alterity by unceasingly questioning and adapting his own perception of the self in an ever-changing world, at a time of impending catastrophe. From the vantage point of Mitteleuropa, Mediterranean Europe, and the Levant, considered not as independent geopolitical entities, but as interconnected, rhizomatic geopolitical networks, the works of Maalouf and Magris emphasize the need to give voice to "other" accounts of history, to question our identitarian assumptions and to nurture the European project, a fragile, but irreplaceable possibility for a shared future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay discusses Claudio Magris's concept of Mitteleuropa—which is central to his view of Europe—by situating it within the context of Triestine cultural history. It first presents the reflections on Europe formulated by the early generations of journalists in La Favilla, the newspaper founded in Trieste in 1836. This is followed by a discussion of the cultural and political writings of Scipio Slataper (1888–1915) and Giani Stuparich (1891–1961). Like Magris these journalists and writers assumed the role of public intellectuals and reflected on three pivotal periods in the history of Trieste by focusing on the question of cosmopolitanism (La Favilla), political and national identity (Slataper), and the feasibility of a European project after World War II (Stuparich). Against the prevailing totalizing nationalist vision, these writers explored the possibility of a non-national political identity based on a cultural notion of Europeanism. The different views of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Triestine journalists and writers of the idea of Europe, of Trieste as a border city, and of European identity, are illuminated by Magris's own theoretical elaborations on borders, on Europe, and on Mitteleuropa, which further highlight their historical and conceptual intricacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claudio Magris's revisitation of the idea of Mitteleuropa in the essay-novel Danubio is often read as a contribution to the imperial nostalgia inherent in the Habsburg myth, the process of transfiguration of Austrian history that Magris himself observed and theorized. This reading, however, suggests that in the context of the Cold War, Magris's emphasis on the non-national legacy of Mitteleuropa, conceived as a strategy of resistance against the totalitarian reaches of authoritarian regimes, resists the allure of a straightforward and easy nostalgia. The narrator of Magris's extended travelogue takes the reader on a textual journey through local narratives and literatures along the Danube, where a palimpsest of discarded and overwritten histories reveals neglected and almost forgotten paradigms. These rhetorical dockings on the banks of the Danube, located at the intersection of fiction and essayism, reflect upon the legacy of Mitteleuropa and attempt to chart a possible postnational future for Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Krakow International Studies / Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Eurasian Studies / Revista Română de Studii Eurasiatice is the property of Romanian Review of Eurasian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on essays concerning Mitteleuropa, this article attempts to describe aspects of cultural identity in Milan Kundera‟s novel, The Unbearable Lightness of Being. The historical challenges that this particular geographical and cultural area encountered are reflected in relation to a struggle to maintain a certain cultural identity, encumbered by the Soviet influence in Czechoslovakia. A threatened identity relies on its cultural life, but the characters in Kundera‟s novel also resort to a certain identitary separation and seek for a refuge in love. The Czech writer‟s novels emphasize an unavoidable obsession with the totalitarian space, seen as a trap for an individual‟s identity and personal freedom. Combining the essayistic reflection and a philosophical speculation within a narrative frame, the writer succeeds in rendering something more valuable than a beautiful story: a story brimming with ideas.

Copyright of BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Prague-based novel Cafe Slavia (1985) by Ota Filip, a German-writing author who left Czechoslovakia for political reasons in the 1970s and settled in Munich, tells the checkered history of Central Europe from the beginning of the 20th century up to the 1968 Prague Spring, initiated by a framework event taking place on the Charles Bridge in Prague. This article reveals the complexity of the symbolism of the 'bridge' that is central to the novel. The focus of the analysis is the bridge as a narrative construction that directs the gaze from the present to the past, while keeping an eye on both the 'small' and the 'big' stories. As a topographical connection point between the right and left banks of the Vltava River, it acquires further meaning and stands for the transgression not only between space and time, but also between factuality and fictionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article critically reexamines how Germans understood Polish national identity during World War I, and how their perceptions affected German proposals for ruling Polish territory. Recent historiography has emphasized the impact of colonial ideologies and experiences on Germans' imperial ambitions in Poland. It has portrayed Germans as viewing Poland through a colonial lens, or favoring colonial methods to rule over Polish space. Using the wartime publications of prominent left liberal, Catholic, and conservative thinkers, this article demonstrates that many influential Germans, even those who supported colonialism in Africa, considered Poland to be a civilized nation for which colonial strategies of rule would be wholly inappropriate. These thinkers instead proposed multinational strategies of imperialism in Poland, which relied on collaboration with Polish nationalists. Specifically, they argued that Berlin should establish an autonomous Polish state, and bind it in permanent military and political union with the German Empire. The perception of Poland as a civilized nation ultimately structured Germany's occupation policy and objectives in Poland throughout the war, much more than stereotypes of Polish primitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sees the authoritarian version of populism in Poland as the major threat to the democratic process. Paradoxically, populism, that constitutes to some extent the DNA of democracy, has generated dangerous malformations of democracy present in many post-transition states of Central Europe. Poland, due to its size, population, economy and symbolic meaning (including its previous reputation of the poster-boy of successful transformation and Europeanization) is a critical case that exemplifies trends and patterns found in many countries of the region. The illiberal turn towards authoritarian populism endangers democracy, peace and security not only at the level of the nation-state but also in the wider context of the European Union as the community of norms and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article briefly outlines the major aspects of Friedrich Naumann’s concept of Mitteleuropa and shows how his idea derived from the experience of the First World War. Although the plan is often viewed as an expression of annexionist war goals, Naumann actually argued for a rather informal German economic hegemony in Central Europe. The public reception of Mitteleuropa in Germany as well as in Allied countries is traced in detail by conducting a discourse analysis of newspaper coverage. Especially in Great Britain the Central European scheme was seen as a great menace and triggered discussions about alternative pan-European concepts. Although Mitteleuropa can be considered well-researched, this aspect has been surprisingly neglected by previous studies. The aim of the article is to link intellectual and cultural history by carving out the strong transnational interweavements that existed within the public debates on Europe during World War I: at a crucial moment in history Naumann’s idea promoted the articulation of European thinking in wider circles.

First World War is the turning point of building a new era, which will preside over the emergence of new forms of radicalism, of totalitarian regimes. But before that, the First World War closes in a brutal manner the slow decadence of some great empires, including the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Through his totalizing vocation, the novel is the most appropriate document capable of recording this process that leads to finis monarchiae. In the present paper I analyzed three different perspectives on war as a catalyst and expression, face of decadence with Jaroslav Hasek’s novel, Good Soldier Svejk, Liviu Rebreanu’s novel, Forest of the Hanged, and Joseph Roth’s novel, The Radetzky March. From the joyful apocalypse of Hasek’s novel to the “wounded identities” of Rebreanu’s heroes and the aristocratic ethos cultivated among the bourgeoisie on which the empire is based in Roth’s novel, we have a complex picture of the decline of belle époque society and the values on which it relies. The image of the Imperial officer as well as the simple soldier puts into play a code of honor and a kind of solidarity meant to overcome the sensibilities of national identity. I have been pursuing this conflict between unifying, imperial identity and national identities as a factor of the empire’s dissolution, especially where double engagement provokes a tragic tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its perishability, clothing made from wool, felt, leather, fur and other plant and animal fibres has only been found at a small number of archaeological sites where conditions are favourable. Various items of clothing made from leather and the hides of different animals have been found, including headwear, cloaks and coats, outer garments, leggings, belts and loincloths. Leather and hide play a particularly important part in shoemaking. With its thin, light and supple leather, sheepskin has temperature-regulating properties, making it particularly well suited to clothing production. Preserved pieces of clothing that display signs of furriers' skills and people's creative handcraftsmanship also show that prehistoric man was aware of and made use of the properties of sheepskin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work of Eugene Romer, founder of Polish geography, was framed by his involvement in the national cause. TheAtlas of Poland, a key tool in his political activism, was completed during the First World War under the uncertain circumstances prevailing on the Eastern Front. It focused more on the issue of unification than on boundaries. Skilled in physical geography, Romer made use of a cartographical technique rarely applied to ethnographical maps, that of isopleths. In this article, we address the reasons for this daring innovation and consider Romer’s training in the Austrian and German schools of cartography before examining the reception of the atlas by geographers from the different academic backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drawing on essays concerning Mitteleuropa, this article attempts to describe aspects of cultural identity in Milan Kundera's novel, The Unbearable Lightness of Being. The historical challenges that this particular geographical and cultural area encountered are reflected in relation to a struggle to maintain a certain cultural identity, encumbered by the Soviet influence in Czechoslovakia. A threatened identity relies on its cultural life, but the characters in Kundera's novel also resort to a certain identitary separation and seek for a refuge in love. The Czech writer's novels emphasize an unavoidable obsession with the totalitarian space, seen as a trap for an individual's identity and personal freedom. Combining the essayistic reflection and a philosophical speculation within a narrative frame, the writer succeeds in rendering something more valuable than a beautiful story: a story brimming with ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of this article is to discuss some particular osseous tools of the Central European Magdalenian. Several sites from Switzerland in the west to the Czech Republic in the east furnished long, overall modified antler rods with doublebevelled bases and rounded cross sections made on transversal segments (en volume). A comparison with other antler tools which occasionally were made on transversal segments as well, in particular fore-shafts and projectile points, suggests that these round rods could be a distinct artefact type. Chronologically, they seem to prevail in the Upper Magdalenian and thus coincide with the appearance of the multi-barbed point in the osseous toolkit. One possible interpretation could therefore be that they worked as socket pieces for multi-barbed points in a harpoon-like thrusting weapon. Other possible functions are counterweights attached to hand-held lances or snow/ice probes. However, since round rods are typical for big sites with evidence of ritual behaviour and symbolic communication, these often quite delicate artefacts could also have played a primarily non-utilitarian role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Croatian History / Radovi Zavoda za Hrvatsku Povijest is the property of Zavod za Hrvatsku Povijest, Filozofski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Croatian History / Radovi Zavoda za Hrvatsku Povijest is the property of Zavod za Hrvatsku Povijest, Filozofski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)