Search

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders, which include oral lichen planus (OLP), are clinical presentations that carry a risk of development to cancer in the oral cavity. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are also termed interface/lichenoid mucositis. Malignant transformation of them remains controversial, but distinct clinical and histological criteria for how to differentiate OLP from OLLs have not been developed. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate findings that can allow histopathological differentiation of OLP and OLLs using histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Materials and Methods: Analyses were performed in 10 cases diagnosed with OLP and 9 cases diagnosed with OLLs. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Ki-67 and CD3 were used as primary antibodies to detect basal cells, proliferative activity and T-cell distribution, respectively, and Perlecan and COX-2 to evaluate epithelial intracellular arrangements and interstitial distributions of proteoglycans and enzymes. Results: For CK19, positive cells were significantly found in OLLs at both the prominent area and site adjacent to the lesion comparison with those of OLP’s. The number of COX-2 positive cells was significantly higher in spinous and basal layers in OLLs of the prominent area. Additionally, OLLs showed mild to moderate expression for perlecan in the basal to spinous layers and in subepithelial tissue. Conclusion: Almost no basal cells were noted in the prominent area in OLP. COX-2 and perlecan were found in the basal to spinous layers in OLLs. Although there are restrictions, these suggested the possibility of helping to distinguish between OLP and OLLs.

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a method of manufacturing cyto-diagnostic specimens. Improved accuracy is expected from standardizing specimen production and use of this method is rapidly spreading in oral cytology. On the other hand, LBC reportedly requires training to show peculiar cell findings compared to those of conventional smear cytology (CVC). Few studies have compared detailed cell findings for oral CVC and LBC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cytological findings between CVC and LBC using cytomorphological image analysis. Materials and Methods: Cytological specimens were collected from 20 patients (negative for squamous neoplasia in 10, dysplasia in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 5) and 5 controls of the tongue between January 2017 and December 2018. Two different preparation techniques were investigated cytomorphologically for CVC and LBC (BD CytorichTM). Results: LBC showed significantly higher cell numbers than CVC for all lesions. LBC-to-CVC ratio ranged from 9.52 (hyperkeratosis) to 1.87 (deep cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). Nuclear area of normal, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation were significantly higher in LBC than those of CVC. Hyperchromasia was significantly more frequent with CVC than with LBC for hyperkeratosis, inflammation, dysplasia and OSCC. There was no significant difference in circularity between CVC and LBC among all lesions. Conclusion: Only one cytomorphological disadvantage was seen with LBC, in the form of decreased hyperchromasia. Further clarification of the advantages and disadvantages of LBC is needed, including management of precision and screening practices.

Background: With transitions in the disease concept of orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), the pathogenesis and etiology have not been sufficiently elucidated. Objectives: OOC cases were reclassified and observed to understand the clinico-histopathological characteristics. In addition, literature review of OOC was performed to better organize the pathology. Materials and methods: Subjects with jawbone cysts lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from 2005 to 2018 were reclassified, and clinico-histopathological findings were analyzed. Previous reports of OOC/orthokeratinized-type odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) from 1980 to 2019 were organized. Results: Five cases of OOC were diagnosed, representing 2.1% of odontogenic developmental cysts (total, 239 cases). Mean age was 37.6 years, with a female predominance. The mandibular molar area was the frequent site, and all cysts were solitary. Sixty percent involved an impacted tooth. Mean maximum diameter of the cyst was 2.2 cm. Histopathologically, 4 cases were unilocular, and partial palisading of the basal layer and scattered epithelial islands were observed in 2 cases each and formation of daughter cysts was noted in 3 cases. Previous papers described that most were unilocular and related to impacted teeth. Mean age ranged between 20 and 40 years, and the mandibular molar region was dominant. Recurrence rates were low. Conclusion: OOC shows a different biological attitude to OKC and is closer to dentigerous cyst. Meanwhile, OOC shows a similar histology of epidermoid cysts accompanying the granular layer. We thus surmised that OCC represents an independent concept as an odontogenic developmental cyst.

Background: A new microorganism identification method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been developed, however, reports on its use for delineating Candida spp. are scarce. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the identification accuracy of mixed infection between culture test and MALDI-TOF MS. Materials and Methods: Eighty-nine denture wearers (average 74.0 ± 9 years) were selected. Specimens were immediately inoculated onto selective medium for CHROMagarTM Candida, and were also carried out using MALDI-TOF MS. The distribution frequencies of them were analyzed. Results: The numbers and rates of detection/non-detection by MALDI-TOF MS of genus Candida were 58/31 (65.2%/34.8%), respectively. Infection types were single infection in 34 (38.2%), mixed infection in 24 (27.0%), and non-infection in 31 (34.8%) cases. Concerning the single infection, C. albicans was the most predominant (58.8%), followed by C. parapsilosis (17.6%), C. glabrata (14.7%), C. tropicalis (5.9%), and C. krusei (2.9%). As for the mixed infection, the most frequent combination was C. albicans and C. glabrata (50.0%), followed by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (29.2%), C. albicans and C. tropicalis (8.3%), C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (4.2%), C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis (4.2%), and C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata (4.2%). There were four MALDI-TOF MS positive results that were negative by the culture test. Conversely, there were six MALDI-TOF MS negative results that were positive by the culture test. The sensitivity and specificity of MALDI-TOF MS were 0.929 and 0.840, respectively. The concordance rate of genus Candida was 0.644, indicating substantial agreement. Conclusion: Candida infection is complicated by disease type and oral cavity environment changes due to aging. A rapid microorganism detection method, such as MALDI-TOF MS, will be helpful to quickly determine the causative pathogen in dental infections.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of Carabelli's trait in maxillary first (M1) and second (M2) permanent molars in relation to tooth crown size and cusp number and to consider the role of the shortage of sex chromosome material in these features during tooth crown development. Methods The data were derived from dental casts belonging to the KVANTTI Research Project on sex chromosome abnormalities headed by Professor Lassi Alvesalo in Finland. The subjects comprised 86 45,X females, 51 first-degree female relatives, and 150 population control females. Carabelli's trait was divided into three grades and cusp number was classified into two classes in Dahlberg's P12 and P9. The tooth crown diameters were measured with a sliding digital caliper. Results M1 in the 45,X females expressed a lower frequency of Carabelli's trait (19.8%) than in the female relatives (37.2%, P < 0.05). There was also a higher frequency of the three-cusp pattern (11.1%) than in the female relatives (2.4%, P = 0.055) or the control females (1.3%, P < 0.001). The expression of Carabelli's trait in M2 was of the same magnitude in the 45,X females and normal controls and was related to tooth crown size, whereas its expression in M1 of the 45,X females was associated with the cusp number rather than the tooth crown size. Conclusions The shortage of one X chromosome in females has an influence on the morphology of the lingual cingulum region of the maxillary first permanent molar during tooth crown development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:486–493, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A novel non-viral gene transfection method in which DNA complexes were kept in contact with a deposition surface (deposition transfection) was developed. We designed a novel aqueous thermoresponsive adsorbent material for DNA deposition, which was a star-shaped copolymer with 4-branched chains. Each chain is comprised of a cationic poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) (PDMAPAAm) block (Mn: ca. 3000 g center dot mol(-1)), which formed an inner domain for DNA binding and a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block (Mn: ca. 6000 g center dot mol(-1)), which formed an outer domain for surface adsorption. Complex formation between the copolymer and the luciferase-encoding plasmid DNA occurred immediately upon simple mixing in an aqueous medium; polyplexes approximately 100 nm in size were formed. Because the lower critical solution temperature of the polyplexes was approximately 35 degrees C, they could deposit on the substrate by precipitation from an aqueous solution upon warming, which was confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method and water contact angle measurement. When COS-I cells were cultured on the polyplex-deposited substrate in a culture medium, the luciferase activity observed was higher than that observed on a DNA-coated substrate with or without the cationic polymer before and after complete adhesion and by conventional solution transfection using the polyplexes. The activity was enhanced with an increase in the charge ratio (surfactant/pDNA) with permissible cellular cytotoxicity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between Carabelli's trait and tooth crown size in 45,X females and to clarify the effect of the shortage of X chromosome to the dental crown. The subjects comprised eighty-one 45,X females in the Kvantti research collection and Finnish female controls. Dahlberg's reference plaque (1956) was used to determine the score of the Carabelli's trait which was divided into three classes. The scores were compared with the maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth crown diameters. The result showed that the mesiodistal diameters in 45,X females were significantly smaller than control females, while no association was found between Carabelli's trait and buccolingual tooth crown diameter in 45,X females. Mesiodistal tooth crown diameter was thought to be a key factor to develop the Carabelli's trait in 45,X females.

ヒトの上顎大臼歯と第二乳臼歯に見られるカラベリー結節は最もよく知られた歯冠形質のひとつである。この形質に関しては様々な観点から多数の研究が行われてきた。本稿では最近の研究を紹介するとともに，この形質が歯の人類学に与えた多くの課題を3つのキーワード「分布」，「遺伝」，「系統と発生」にしたがって検証した。「分布」の項では形質の基準，集団間の違い，ヨーロッパ人にカラベリー結節が多く見られる理由を検討した。「遺伝」の項ではカラベリー結節の遺伝，左右側の非対称性，性染色体とカラベリー結節，性差について考察した。「系統と発生」の項ではカラベリー結節の系統発生と個体発生，カラベリー結節は大きい歯にみられるのか，に関して検討した。歯の内部構造の研究方法の開発や分子生物学的な研究によりカラベリー結節は多方面からより詳細に研究され，未解決の課題が解明されることであろう。

A higher density of evidence in terms of both temporal and geographical variation is needed for the understanding of the population history of East/Southeast Asia. We report here two skulls of the hanging coffin people from the ancient Tang dynasty of Yunnan province, China, and compare them with other Neolithic to modern human groups of East/Southeast Asia. The cranial series of the hanging coffin people can be regarded as a single population distinctive among the comparative samples. They share a low and wide face but exhibit variation in nasal root protrusion and alveolar prognathism. Evaluation of biological affinities based on multivariate craniometry indicates that the hanging coffin people are unique, being distant from modern mainland Asian groups and rather close to the Neolithic Zhenpiyan of south China. The peripheral position of the hanging coffin people relative to the mainland Asian groups appears to parallel the situation seen with modern Andaman islanders, or aboriginal Australians. This is interpreted as indicating the influence of a bottleneck effect in a locally isolated population within a more global trend of population history of East/Southeast Asian.

In 2001, we carried out a dental anthropological survey of two Chinese minorities in Yuen Jian, in Yunnan Province. The subjects were young adults of the Hani and the Dai tribes, who historically derive from Tibetan and Southeast Asian regions, respectively, and from whom dental impression models were collected. Tooth measurements were made, using a digital caliper with the precision of 0.01 mm, on the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. Sexual dimorphism was weak : sex differences were present in both the Hani and the Dai in the upper and lower canines, but not in other teeth. Also, male teeth were larger than female in the mesiodistal diameters, especially of the upper and lower incisors and premolars. There were some significant differences between the Hani and the Dai : for example, the buccolingual diameters of the lower I1 and the upper incisors were larger in the Hani, in both sexes, while the Dai had larger lateral teeth in both males and females. The measurements were compared with those in other Asian peoples. A principal components analysis showed, on a size factor, that teeth in the Hani and Dai were generally smaller than in other Asian racial sub-groups, such as the Japanese and Philippinos ; but in males only they were larger than those of Philippine Negritos. The Hani, both males and females, have intermediate sized teeth compared with other Asian sub-groups. Anthropological affinities between the Hani and Dai were suggested by position on two shape factors resulting from the analysis.

We will report on the Russian Houses in Harbin. Most of the Russian Houses in Harubin were built by Russians before Russo-Japanese War. Harubin was under the influence of Russia. After World War II, Chinese families used them. We will focus on this paper how to use and modify such the foreign and old style houses by Chinese people nowadays. We investigated three types: the detached house, the dormitory and the apartment.

The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of Carabelli's trait in maxillary first (M1) and second (M2) permanent molars in relation to tooth crown size and cusp number and to consider the role of the shortage of sex chromosome material in these features during tooth crown development.The data were derived from dental casts belonging to the KVANTTI Research Project on sex chromosome abnormalities headed by Professor Lassi Alvesalo in Finland. The subjects comprised 86 45,X females, 51 first-degree female relatives, and 150 population control females. Carabelli's trait was divided into three grades and cusp number was classified into two classes in Dahlberg's P12 and P9. The tooth crown diameters were measured with a sliding digital caliper.M1 in the 45,X females expressed a lower frequency of Carabelli's trait (19.8%) than in the female relatives (37.2%, P0.05). There was also a higher frequency of the three-cusp pattern (11.1%) than in the female relatives (2.4%, P = 0.055) or the control females (1.3%, P0.001). The expression of Carabelli's trait in M2 was of the same magnitude in the 45,X females and normal controls and was related to tooth crown size, whereas its expression in M1 of the 45,X females was associated with the cusp number rather than the tooth crown size.The shortage of one X chromosome in females has an influence on the morphology of the lingual cingulum region of the maxillary first permanent molar during tooth crown development.

The basal tubercle and its related traits on the basal part of the lingual surface of maxillary central incisors vary in developmental grades. Although a well-developed basal tubercle was observed in fossil humans, much attention to this trait has not been paid in modern humans. We compared five morphological traits on the lingual surface of maxillary incisors among seven Pacific populations. Results showed that the South-Pacific populations examined in this study especially Fijians and New Guinea Highlanders had a well-developed basal tubercle, but with a low frequency of shovel-shaped incisors. On the contrary, Japanese and Kiribatian populations of this study had a high frequency of shovel-shaped incisors, but a low frequency of tubercle-shaped incisors. It was suggested that the basal tubercle is one of the key dental traits in characterizing Pacific populations.

Although four-rooted mandibular first molars have been observed on a few occasions in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, four-rooted second molars have not been reported. Here, we describe a mandibular second molar with four roots and canals: two mesial and two distal. Mesial roots were separated in the cervical one-third near the cervical margin, while distal roots were divided at a lower level in the middle one-third of the root. We discuss the possibility of different root and canal variations of the mandibular second molar from a developmental point of view.

The consumption of leaf vegetables was surveyed on three kinds of families in Kuji town and Tokai village. The average daily intake through a year was 116, 115 and 132g/d/p for fisherman's families in Kuji, native's in Tokai and immigrant's from city to Tokai village, respectively. High consumption of leaf vegetables was observed in autumn and winter, and less consumption in summer. All the year round the cabbage and welsh onion were consumed, in summer the lettuce and from autumn to spring the chinese cabbage and spinach. The average daily intake of each leaf vegetable was calculated. Dimensions of the leaves of leaf vegetables relating to the deposition of gaseous iodine-131 were also measured.

The consumption of fruit vegetables, flower vegetables and mushrooms was surveyed on three kinds of families in Kuji town and Tokai village. Very high consumption was observed in summer contrasting with the case of leaf vegetables. The average daily intake of those through a year was 68, 98 and 65g/d/p for fisherman's families in Kuji, native's and immigrant's in Tokai, respectively. Nearly all the year round the cucumber was consumed much, followed by the beans sprouts and sweet pepper though less consumption, in summer the eggplant and tomato, and from autumn to winter the cauliflower. It was also recognized that the consumption frequency of fresh “Shiitake” was considerably high though the consumption rate was not so high.