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Measuring the reflectance variation DeltaR under dc magnetic field at Ar(+) 0.5017-microm laser line for both corpuscle and plasma human blood samples and applying statistical processing to a 2-D display of DeltaR, we can obtain useful information on whether the disease is malignant or benign. Furthermore, for indistinguishable samples within the critical region the correlation between DeltaR and conventional blood-analysis parameters gives supplemental information. Applicational feasibility of these experimental results to clinical diagnosis is described together with qualitative considerations of the characteristics obtained.

In the present study, the adjuvant effect of zymosan on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-specific DNA vaccine and the mechanism of this enhancement were studied in a murine model. We coinoculated zymosan with our candidate HIV-1 specific DNA vaccine (pCMV160IIIB) into skeletal muscles of BALB/c mice. Higher levels of both humoral immune response and HIV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were observed when zymosan was coinoculated with pCMV160IIIB compared with that obtained using pCMV160IIIB alone. HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also enhanced. This enhancing activity was suppressed when coinoculated to the fifth complement (C5)-deficient DDD and AKR mice. The enhanced activity was also suppressed when anti-C3 antibody was inoculated to mice intramuscularly. There was significant induction of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in pCMV160IIIB vaccine with zymosan. These results suggest that zymosan-mediated DNA vaccination enhances helper T cell (Th) 1-mediated immunity. The effect is suggested to be based on the consequences of its recruitment and activation of macrophages, dendritic cells or antigen-presenting cells (APC) through complement activation, especially through the alternative pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that zymosan can be an effective immunological adjuvant in DNA vaccination against HIV-1.

An effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is needed to stimulate the immune response of the genital mucus to prevent mucosal transmission of the virus. We have developed a macromolecular multicomponent peptide vaccine candidate, VC1. Both rectal and vaginal immunization of VC1 mixed with cholera toxin (CT) induced HIV-1-specific IgA antibody in mouse fecal extract solution and vaginal wash. These antibody productions were enhanced by the combination with IL-4 or GM-CSF expressing plasmids. Either fecal extract or vaginal wash solution from immunized mice inhibited production of HIV-1IIIB p24 protein. The mononuclear cells from spleen, intestinal lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches from VC1- and CT-immunized mice released IFN-gamma or IL-4, when these cells were co-cultured with VC1 antigen. In addition, the regional lymphoid cells from rectal and vaginal region of mice immunized with VC1 and CT also elicited a substantial level of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response. This CTL response was enhanced by the addition of IL-12 expressing plasmid. Our results clearly demonstrated that both rectal and vaginal immunization could induce systemic and mucosal immunities specific for HIV-1.

Utilizing a new blood-analysis method which uses the interaction between an Ar + laser beam and a blood sample, it can be shown that there is a significant difference in the reflectance variation δ R between the malignant and benign blood, at 501.7 nm of the Ar + laser, under a dc magnetic field, for both human and mouse blood. For the malignant mouse-blood with leukaemia, δ R tends to be positive with the magnetic field, while for the benign blood it is negative. This is also true for the human blood. This fact is confirmed by the inverted variation of the higher order Fourier pattern obtained by the Fourier pattern analyser from the transmitted beam through the diluted sample, for the malignant and benign mouse-blood under the magnetic field.

第1例. 50才,女性.主訴,発汗,言語障害,病悩期間, 4年5カ月.第2例. 16才,男性.主訴,傾眠,病悩期間, 2年2カ月.第3例. 64才,女性.主訴,意識消失発作,病悩期間, 2カ月,の3例について5～12回の空腹時の血糖と血中インスリン(IRI)を測定し,その比(IRI/血糖)が,それぞれ0.22～0.32, 0.55～3.32, 0.40～0.97であることより,インスリノーマを疑った.内視鏡的逆行性胆膵管造影(ERCP),腹部CT,腹部超音波などでは,いずれも1例のみで腫瘍の存在を証明しえたに過ぎなかったが,経皮経肝門脈カテーテル法(PTPC)による局所採血のIRI測定では, 3例のすべてで腫瘍の膵内局在診断が可能であった. PTPCのインスリノーマ診断の有効性につき考察を加えた.

A 24-year-old man was hospitalized with the chief complaints of jaundice and splenomegaly. He was diagnosed as having congenital hemolytic anemia at 6 years of age. The laboratory data on admission were hemoglobin 10.7g/dl, reticulocytes 19.3%, indirect bilirubin 9.5mg/dl, and haptoglobin less than 10 mg/dl. Gallstone was detected in plain abdominal X-ray film and ultrasonic scan. No spherocytes were present in his peripheral blood smear. Sixteen red blood cell enzymes were maintained at resonable levels. The diagnosis of congenital nonspherocytic heamolytic anemia with cholecystolithiasis was confirmed. Splenctomy with cholecystectomy was performed. Although hemolysis was improved, splenectomy was not effective in improving anemia.

Background Carcinoma of the gastric remnant after partial gastrectomy for benign disease or cancer is unusual but an important cancer model. The Japanese Society for the Study of Postoperative Morbidity after Gastrectomy (JSSPMG) performed a nationwide questionnaire survey to understand the current state of gastric stump carcinoma in Japan. Methods In the questionnaire survey of November 2008, gastric stump carcinoma was defined as an adenocarcinoma of the stomach occurring 10 years or more after Billroth I or Billroth II gastrectomy for benign condition or cancer disease. The survey was conducted at the request of reports on five or more patients with gastric stump carcinoma for each institution. Items for the survey included gender, age, methods of reconstruction in an original gastrectomy, original diseases, time interval between original gastrectomy and first detection of stump carcinomas, locations of stump carcinomas, tumor histology, tumor depth, and extent of lymph node metastasis. The questionnaire was sent to 163 surgical institutions in the JSSPMG. Results Ninety-five institutions (58.3%) responded to the survey, and the data of 887 patients satisfied the required conditions for the survey. A total of 887 patients were composed of 368 patients who received Billroth I distal gastrectomy and 519 who received Billroth II. The Billroth II group has a significantly higher number of original benign lesions than the Billroth I group (P

At the Ar+ laser line both variations of reflectance .ΔR and beam angle Δθ, with and without the de magnetic field, were measured for human blood sampled from patients with various diseases. Statistical analysis on both ΔR and Δθ provides useful information for distinguishing whether the sample is malignant or benign.