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In December 2015, the United States (US) Congress approved the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act, which authorized a 5-year program to improve the Nation's surface transportation infrastructure. The Act formally designated Interstate 11 (1-11) through Arizona. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) are preparing a Draft Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the I-11 corridor between Nogales and Wickenburg, Arizona, pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other regulatory requirements. FHWA is the Federal Lead Agency and ADOT is the Local Project Sponsor for the Draft Tier 1 EIS. The study documented in this report was conducted to support that Draft Tier 1 EIS. The report summarizes information about approximately 1,500 prior cultural resource studies and more than 600 archaeological sites and historic structures previously recorded in the three Build Corridor Alternatives for the proposed 1-11 between Nogales and Wickenburg, Arizona. The inventory of cultural resources for each Build Corridor Alternative is incomplete, and additional unrecorded cultural resources are likely to be present.

An Archaeology Assessment conducted by the COP found that the proposed project occurs within the boundaries of the prehistoric site of AZ T:12:70(ASM)/Pueblo Patricio and AZ T:12:42(ASM)/the original Phoenix townsite (OPT). ACS prepared a site-specific work plan addendum that followed the General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for City of Phoenix Projects. This report documents the results of the Phase I data recovery activities. A project specific permit (2017-071ps) and burial agreement (case 17003) were obtained from ASM. A repository agreement was obtained from the Pueblo Grande Museum (PGM). An Addendum Work Plan for Phase II Data Recovery is also included with this report.

Central and Fillmore Associates, LP oversaw improvements to the Westward Ho building and infrastructure. Rehabilitation required replacement and realignment of sewer pipelines below the property courtyard and the replacement of sidewalks in the courtyard. A total of 170.9 cubic meters were excavated from 32 units associated with rehabilitation activities in the courtyard area of the Westward Ho Hotel and Apartments. All of the units were excavated to locate and expose existing underground pipes, lay new pipe, and to replace sidewalks. Approximately 90 percent of the APE was previously disturbed. Artifacts observed during excavation included one prehistoric ceramic sherd, multiple bricks and other construction debris, and trash of unknown ages. Four features of historic or recent ages were recorded.

AEI Consultants plans to develop an 11.97-acre parcel of privately owned land for a proposed U.S. Department of Housing and Urban development (HUD). New construction is planned in the northwest portion of the Area of Potential Effect. At the request of AEI Consultants, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted a Class I literature review of the project area to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources that might be affected by the proposed undertaking. The parcel is privately owned and will be financed through Federal Housing Authority (FHS)-insured funding. Since this project would be federally funded, it is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Based on the results of this background research, the parcel is within the boundaries of site AZ T:12:256 (ASM), the prehistoric Hohokam habitation site (Grand Canal Ruins).

The site (AZ T:12:413[ASM]) was recommended as eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Avoidance to the site was not feasible so data recovery was conducted under an existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Projects Within the Boundaries of the City of Phoenix, Arizona” (Montero et al. 2008). A Supplemental Data Recovery Work Plan submitted to the City (see Mitchell 2011) was approved and implemented. As a result of the data recovery project, 63 features were investigated that included field houses, pit houses, pits, extramural surfaces, canals, isolated hearths, and two burials. The prehistoric Hohokam remains represent occupation in the project area during the late Red Mountain phase (A.D. 400-600) of the Pioneer Period, the Sacaton phase (A.D. 900-1100) of the Sedentary period, and the Soho phase (A.D. 1100-1300) of the Classic period.

The City of Phoenix requested that archaeological testing be conducted at a 25 acre parcel near 28th Street and Southern Avenue in Phoenix. The parcel is within the boundaries of a large prehistoric site known as Las Canopas (AZ T:12:137[ASM]). The project is on private property. The City has agreed that the archaeological testing can be done under the existing City-approved Plan, entitled General Cultural Resources Testing Plan for the City of Phoenix Projects that Involve Prehistoric Canals with the City of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona (Stubing and Turner 2007). The project included excavation of 2,676 linear meters of trench within and adjacent to the boundary of AZ T:12:137(ASM). The work was done at the request of the City of Phoenix because prehistoric human remains are known to exist in the area. Surface artifacts were recovered that would date occupation in the project area to sometime between A.D. 800 and 1100. Twelve features were identified, which included 7 prehistoric canal segments, 2 historic pits, and 3 prehistoric pits. All these features, except one of the historic pits, were located in the northern part of the project area. No human remains were found in the project area and no further work is recommended for the project area.

The UMOM Additional Testing Project is located in Phoenix. The UMOM development project is a multi-phased development project that began in 2009 and involves the acquisition of property, the demolition of existing buildings, and the construction of multi-family housing and associated amenities. The project is on private property, but has received federal funding from Housing and Urban Development (HUD), so the effects of this undertaking on cultural resources have been considered in order to comply with section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Because the project is located within the City of Phoenix, the UMOM archaeological investigations have been conducted under the City of Phoenix’s Programmatic Agreement with HUD. This report describes the results of Phase II of the UMOM archaeological testing project. The archaeological investigations at site AZ T:12:414(ASM) in the UMOM development resulted in the discovery of a small historic canal and an isolated, prehistoric field house. The historic canal may be a distribution canal for the historic Maricopa Canal located just north of the property. Although no artifacts were associated with the field house, it was C14-dated to the late Colonial-early Sedentary period (A.D. 880-1000).

Archaeological testing was conducted in the project area prior to its development. The City of Phoenix requested that archaeological testing be conducted at the location of the proposed UMOM Housing Project in Phoenix. The Project is on private property but will receive federal funding so the effects of this undertaking on cultural resources must be considered to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. According to the City of Phoenix archaeological site files, prehistoric canals cross the area of potential effect (APE). The City required testing of this parcel and determined that this work could be done under the existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Cultural Resources Testing Plan for the City of Phoenix Projects that Involve Prehistoric Canals within the City of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona” (Stubing and Turner 2007). A testing plan was prepared by PaleoWest and submitted to the City Archaeologist. That plan was approved on January 28, 2010. Because of conditions in the project area, specifically the presence of a cell tower and buried electrical lines, PaleoWest requested permission to change the location of one trench (see Methods section, below). The City Archaeologist approved that change on February 8, 2010. Archaeological trenching of 332 linear meters was conducted in the UMOM development parcel. PaleoWest did not find any intact prehistoric deposits or features during the testing of the UMOM project area. It is PaleoWest’s recommendation that the development of the project area will have no effect on cultural resources and that the project should proceed with a finding of “no historic properties affected.”

The City of Phoenix requested that archaeological work be conducted at the location of the proposed Coral Pointe Apartments Project in Phoenix. The Project is on private property but will receive federal funding so the effects of this undertaking on cultural resources must be considered to comply with section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. According to the City of Phoenix archaeological site files, several prehistoric canals cross the area of potential effect (APE). Although no site had been recorded in this parcel, the City required testing here due to the likelihood of buried canal features.The testing was done under the existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Cultural Resources Testing Plan for the City of Phoenix Projects that Involve Prehistoric Canals with the City of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona” (Stubing and Turner 2007). Buried features were discovered during the testing phase, an archaeological site number was assigned, and subsequent data recovery was conducted. The data recovery was done under an existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Projects within the Boundaries of the City of Phoenix, Arizona” (Montero et al. 2008). Archaeological investigations in the project area included 675 linear meters of backhoe trenches and 620 sq m of mechanically stripped areas. Forty one features were identified that included field houses, pits, and canals. Ceramic evidence indicates that this site, AZ T:12:395(ASM), dates to the late Gila Butte and early Santa Cruz phases of the Hohokam Colonial period around A.D. 750-850.

The City of Phoenix requested that archaeological work be conducted at the location of the proposed Coral Pointe Apartments Project in Phoenix. The Project is on private property but will receive federal funding so the effects of this undertaking on cultural resources must be considered to comply with section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. According to the City of Phoenix archaeological site files, several prehistoric canals cross the area of potential effect (APE). The City required testing of this parcel and determined that this work could be done under the existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Cultural Resources Testing Plan for the City of Phoenix Projects that Involve Prehistoric Canals with the City of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona” (Stubing and Turner 2007). Subsequent data recovery was conducted under an existing City-approved Plan, entitled “General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Projects within the Boundaries of the City of Phoenix, Arizona” (Montero et al. 2008). Archaeological investigations in the project area included 675 linear meters of backhoe trenches and 620 sq m of mechanically stripped areas. Forty one features were identified that included field houses, pits, and canals. Preliminary examination of the pottery from this site, AZ T:12:395 (ASM), suggests that it dates to the late Gila Butte and early Santa Cruz phases of the Hohokam Colonial period around A.D. 750-850. The excavations conducted at the site have mitigated the impacts to it by the proposed project and no further work is recommended. Artifact and other sample analyses are in progress and will be included in the final report.

The Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) has planned a major construction effort within its 200-foot-wide right-of-way (ROW) throughout much of Arizona. The UPRR Sunset Accelerated Capacity Project includes construction of a second rail line running from Tucson (in Pima County) to Yuma (in Yuma County), as well as renovations to the existing line, such as construction of new bridges and culverts. A Section 404 permit requires that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) consider the cultural resources of the area under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. In November and December 2006, SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an archaeological survey of 159 designated washes that potentially fall under the jurisdiction of the USACE within the UPRR ROW in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, Arizona (West and Ezzo 2007). Ten sites and 76 historical bridges and culverts were recorded. The bridges and culverts were considered to be potentially contributing elements to AZ Z:2:40 (ASM), the Southern Pacific Railroad (SPRR), which was one of the 10 sites recorded during survey. These structures have been mitigated through Historic American Engineering Record documentation (Steely and Levstik 2007). One other archaeological site is a linear feature—AZ AA:2:118 (ASM), State Route 84/Casa Grande Highway—and will not be impacted by the UPRR undertaking. The remaining eight sites will be impacted by the project and that mitigation will be required. Impacts include construction of the new rail line and renovations to the existing line, as well as construction of temporary staging areas for materials and machinery. Five of the sites have been recorded previously, and four have been determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) by the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO); SHPO has determined that the fifth site, AZ AA:12:858 (ASM), requires testing to determine its eligibility. The three newly recorded sites were recommended eligible by SWCA; SWCA’s recommendations were accepted by SHPO (West and Ezzo 2007).

This document presents the results of archaeological testing within a portion of the Germann Site (AZ U:10:10 [PG]). The project proponent, North Valley Corp Center, LLC, is planning to develop this parcel. SWCA conducted an archaeological survey of the property in June 2006 (Bellavia and Mitchell 2006a). An approximately 53.7-acre area within site AZ U:10:10 (PG), including a 200 foot buffer off of the site boundary, is located on the property of North Valley Corp Center, LLC. SWCA conducted archaeological test excavations within this 53.7-acre portion of the Germann Site to determine whether significant cultural deposits or human remains may be present. Three cultural features— one prehistoric and two historic—were identified during the testing, however no prehistoric habitation features, human remains, or funerary objects were discovered. This report describes the results of the archaeological testing program.

This report presents a summary of the archaeological excavations conducted by SWCA at the Mesa Riverview development project. Archaeological investigations were conducted in the area by the Mesa Southwest Museum in compliance with City of Mesa guidelines on cultural resources. SWCA Environmental Consultants was requested by DERITO/KIMCO RIVERVIEW, LLC to assist the Museum with the excavation of features discovered during the test trenching that was done in this area in September 2005. The trenching and subsequent feature excavation were conducted under the overall direction of Jerry Howard, Curator of Anthropology at the Mesa Southwest Museum, who is serving as the project Principal Investigator. During both the testing and subsequent data recovery, SWCA’s team included Douglas R. Mitchell as the project manager, Dr. John Lindly as the senior archaeologist, Ron Ryden as field director, and Jennifer Butts, Sylvia Kadlubowski, Sam Taylor, Jim Shrieve, and Chris Rayle as archaeological technicians. Chris North collected GPS data during the fieldwork with a Trimble GeoXT unit and Chris Query produced the project maps. The data recovery fieldwork was conducted in October, 2005. The project area lies near several large Hohokam canals and sites AZ U:9:135 (ASM) and AZ U:9:136 (ASM). AZ U:9:135 (ASM) consists of four canals and a small field camp and AZ U:9:136 (ASM) was a cluster of canals and several pits. In the Riverview area SWCA documented twenty features including one pithouse, 11 pits, 6 canal segments, one historic ditch and one cremation during the test trenching. Jerry Howard, of the Mesa Southwest Museum, recommended that a sample of the features be excavated prior to development. This report provides a summary of the feature excavations.

This document presents the results of archaeological testing of a site located in a future development in west Maricopa County. As a result of a survey of the Arroyo Seco parcel, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility of AZ T:11:165 (ASM) was indeterminate (Schmidt et al. 2004); testing was recommended to determine the site’s eligibility. This work was done in support of an application for a permit under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is the lead agency coordinating the compliance process for impacts to any affected cultural resources (per Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act). The site could not be avoided by construction and the density of artifacts on the surface suggested there may be subsurface remains at this location. However, testing documented no subsurface features or artifacts and no further work is recommended for this site. Testing included surface collections and backhoe trenching. No subsurface features or artifacts were found. The artifact assemblage is informative about the archaeology of this area, but the site does not contain intact surface or subsurface deposits, so it does not appear to meet the criteria for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places. No further work is recommended for this site.

This report presents the results of archaeological testing and limited data recovery for a portion of the Lombeye Ruin, AZ T:12:109(ASM), in Phoenix, Arizona. Two Salt River Project (SRP) canals, owned by the Bureau of Reclamation, are to be relocated as part of a proposed residential development by Providence Development, Inc. A previous archaeological survey determined that the canal relocations would adversely affect the Lombeye Ruin (Fangmeier 2003). In compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, a treatment plan was prepared to help mitigate potential adverse effects to the Lombeye Ruin resulting from the canal relocations (Mitchell et al. 2004). The two canals are located on the north and south edges of Providence Development’s on-going residential project area. This report focuses on testing and data recovery for the southern canal relocation. Monitoring for the northern canal relocation will occur at a later date. A segment of the SRP Southern Avenue canal was tested previously for a different project and four prehistoric features were documented (Homburg and Ciolek-Torrello 2000). SWCA tested an additional 220 m within the canal alignment to determine the nature and extent of cultural features within this area that will be disturbed by the proposed SRP Southern Avenue canal relocation. No features were found during this additional testing. Two features, an homo and a midden, were excavated and are documented in this report.

This report discusses the results of archaeological testing at AZ T:16:19 (ASM) by SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA). Previous archaeological survey in the area of a proposed residential development identified prehistoric Hohokam artifacts, more recent O’odham sherds, and a few Euroamerican artifacts that were collectively grouped into site AZ T:16:19 (ASM). Miller Holdings, Inc. (Miller Holdings) of Scottsdale, Arizona requested that SWCA conduct archaeological testing to determine if the site was significant and if it would be impacted by their proposed residential development. AZ T:16:19 (ASM) is adjacent to the Ak-Chin Reservation on private land at the southwest edge of the town of Maricopa, Arizona. SWCA excavated 2512 linear meters of backhoe trench at the site. This trenching resulted in the identification of three cultural features (two aboriginal refuse deposits and one Euroamerican adobe house). Prehistoric artifacts at the site date to the Pioneer through Classic periods (A.D. 500-1400) although use appears to have been greatest during the Sedentary period (A.D. 950-1150). The majority of O’odham sherds at the site can be dated to the protohistoric period (pre- A.D. 1625). Later O’odham occupations dating to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are also evident. The Euroamerican component consists primarily of one adobe house and a cluster of 1910s through 1930s artifacts near the house.

This report describes the results of archaeological testing at the South Phoenix Village (SPV) project. The testing was requested by the City of Phoenix, Neighborhood Services Department under an on-call archaeological services contract between the City and SWCA, Inc. (Contract no. 101005). The project was assigned the number PGM 2003-9 by the City of Phoenix Archaeology Section. Two prehistoric canals were mapped within the project area in the early 20th century. The testing strategy positioned trenches in areas along the estimated locations of the canals, and also within a 250 ft wide buffer on either side of the canals, in properties owned by the City of Phoenix. Two areas were the focus of testing-fifteen trenches were placed in the northern area and 12 trenches were located in the southern area. Site AZ T:12:192 (ASM) was found in the northern area and consisted of four features-one canal and three field houses. No archaeological features were documented in the southern area and as such, no further archaeological work is recommended for that area. Data was collected from the canal to investigate potential discharge, velocity, and paleoenvironmental information. The other three documented features will require the development of a data recovery plan that will further investigate their history, function and significance. The testing phase of this project received funding from Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and as such compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act was required. Avoidance is recommended for AZ T:12:92 (ASM), in the northern area of the project area. However, if avoidance is not possible, additional work will be required in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the cultural features in the northern portion of the project area in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

This report presents the results of archaeological testing at two sites located north of Concho, Apache County, Arizona. SWCA conducted mechanical trenching at AZ Q:6:69 (ASM) and AZ Q:6:72 (ASM) at the request of Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (SRP) prior to construction of two new wells and installation of approximately 10,700 feet of new pipeline, which will connect to the existing water delivery system at the Coronado Generating Station. The project area is located in Sections 16 and 21, T13N R26E, Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian, Apache County, Arizona. This project was conducted in compliance with the Arizona Antiquities Act since part of the project was on Arizona State Trust Lands (Arizona State Land Department Right-of-Way Application No. 14-106407 and Right-of-Entry Application No. 30-105110). Fieldwork was conducted under an Arizona Antiquities Act project specific permit issued by the Arizona State Museum (permit number 2002-113ps). The purpose of testing at these sites was to determine if intact subsurface cultural deposits existed within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the pipeline and the well pads. Trenching and surface collections were conducted at both sites in September 2002. No features were found to exist in the preferred pipeline corridor adjacent to AZ Q:6:69 (ASM). It appeared that significant features were in the APE at site AZ Q:6:72 (ASM) and data recovery was recommended there. In April 2003, additional trenching and backhoe stripping occurred at AZ Q:6:72 (ASM). The features that had been identified during testing were outside the well pad footprint and stripping did not reveal any new features. Therefore, construction of the pipeline and well pads do not appear to significantly affect either site and no further work is recommended. However, areas where features are located at both sites should be fenced or monitored during any construction activities to prevent any accidental adverse impacts.

This document represents an archaeological testing plan for nine sites within the Santan Expansion Project Pipeline Corridor project area. SWCA, Inc. conducted a cultural resource survey for a proposed gas pipeline between an existing pipeline in Coolidge and the Santan Generating Station in Gilbert, Arizona (Lindly et al. 2002), Salt River Project is proposing to construct an approximately 36 mile-long pipeline in the project area on private land with numerous rights-of-way on Arizona State Land (ASLD Right-of-Way No. 16- 107631 and ASLD Rights-of-Entry Application Nos. 29-107580 and 29-107686). Eighteen archaeological sites and 50 isolated occurrences were recorded within the project area as a result of this survey. Four prehistoric archaeological sites: AZ U:10:2 (ASM), AZ U:10:116 (ASM), AZ U:10:175 (ASM), and AZU: 14:74 (ASM), are considered eligible but testing would be required to determine the presence and extent of features within the project corridor. Five prehistoric archaeological sites: AZ U:14:361 (ASM), AZ U:15:248 (ASM), AZ U:15:249 (ASM), AZ U:15:429 (ASM), and AZ AA:2:131 (ASM), are considered potentially eligible for inclusion on the National Register under Criterion D, however eligibility could not be determined without testing for intact subsurface remains. Five sites represent linear historic properties (Eastern Canal, North Side Canal, Roosevelt Water Control District Canal, Union Pacific Railroad, and Magma Arizona Railroad) that will not be affected by the pipeline construction. Two historic roads (AZ AA:2:128 and AZ AA:2:149) were considered ineligible and no further work was recommended for them. A historic canal (AZ AA:2:130) and abandoned railroad grade (AZ U:15:335) were considered potentially eligible. However, no further work was recommended for the portions of these historic sites within the project area because the proposed project will not affect their overall integrity.