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Entrée 'capital naturel' du Dictionnaire d'anthropologie prospective dirigé par Nathanaël Wallenhorst et Christoph Wulf

Dans les années 1970, quelques chercheurs comme Ignacy Sachs et René Passet ont permis en France l’élaboration de programmes de recherche novateurs pour mieux appréhender les questions de développement (Nord et Sud) et de préservation de l’environnement. Sur la base d’archives et d’entretiens, cette contribution reconstruit et analyse le processus de structuration, tant intellectuelle qu’institutionnelle, de l’expertise combinée environnement-développement en France. Le cas du CIRED, fondé par Sachs en 1973, sert de fil rouge pour mettre en lumière les lignes de force, leviers et obstacles rencontrés dans l’élaboration de ce nouvel agenda. Il ressort de cet examen que le soutien des institutions (nationales et internationales) a joué un rôle déterminant, et que l’expertise, tout en cherchant à s’autonomiser, a dû passer par un processus de normalisation pour s’installer dans le paysage scientifique des années 1980. In the 1970s, in France, a few researchers such as Ignacy Sachs and René Passet elaborated innovative research programmes to have a better understanding of development (North and South) and environmental issues. On the basis of archives and interviews, this article reconstructs and analyses the structuring process, both intellectual and institutional, of the environment-development expertise in France. The case of CIRED, created by Sachs in 1973, helps us illuminate how this new agenda was settled. Our findings are the followings: the support from national and international institutions has been crucial; and while the new expertise tried to become a new, autonomous field, it finally had to go through a normalization process to exist in the academic landscape of the 1980s. An English translation of this article is available at: https://hal.science/halshs-02548876v1.

A história do pensamento econômico-ecológico (PEE) tem sido construída de diversas formas e de acordo com diferentes fundamentos, dado o caráter evolutivo de conceitos relacionados a processos naturais e econômicos. Este artigo propõe um arcabouço teórico para se entender o PEE como um conjunto de ideias interligando as esferas social e natural por meio de ontologias e epistemologias compartilhadas. Essas ideias se opõem a dicotomias entre o humano e o natural que caracterizam o pensamento ocidental moderno, contribuindo para a elucidação de desafios contemporâneos no contexto da sustentabilidade e oferecendo uma história intelectual estruturada das raízes da economia ecológica. O artigo defende que escrever a história do PEE requer o escrutínio dos desafioshistoriográficos, em particular dos riscos associados ao presentismo e ao anacronismo; além disso, ele traz uma revisão da literatura sobre PEE e, finalmente, identifica novas linhas de pesquisa com destaque para narrativas globais. The history of ecological economic thought (EET) has been addressed in different ways and according to multifarious foundations, given the evolving character of conceptions of natural processes and economic phenomena. This article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding EET as the set of ideas bridging the social and the natural worlds by means of shared ontologies and epistemologies. These ideas stand against the human-nature divide which characterizes modern Western thought, contribute to thinking about contemporary sustainability challenges, and offer a more structured intellectual history of the roots of ecological economics. The article argues that writing the history of EET calls for an appraisal of historiographical challenges, in particular the risks posed by presentism and anachronism. It also reviews the literature engaging with the history of EET and, finally, identifies new lines of research, especially in terms of global narratives. La historia del pensamiento económico-ecológico (EEP) se ha construido de diferentes formas y según diferentes fundamentos, dado el carácter evolutivo de los conceptos relacionados con los procesos naturales y económicos. Este artículo propone un marco teórico para entender el PEE como un conjunto de ideas que vinculan las esferas social y natural a través de ontologías y epistemologías compartidas. Estas ideas se oponen a las dicotomías entre lo humano y lo natural que caracterizan el pensamiento occidental moderno, contribuyendo a dilucidar los desafíos contemporáneos en el contexto de la sustentabilidad y ofreciendo una historia intelectual estructurada de las raíces de la economía ecológica. El artículo argumenta que escribir la historia del PEE requiere el escrutinio de los desafíos historiográficos, en particular los riesgos asociados con el presentismo y el anacronismo; además, trae una revisión de la literatura sobre PEE y, finalmente, identifica nuevas líneas de investigación con énfasis en las narrativas globales.

International audience; The history of ecological economic thought (EET) has been addressed in different ways and according to multifarious foundations, given the evolving character of conceptions of natural processes and economic phenomena. This article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding EET as the set of ideas bridging the social and the natural worlds by means of shared ontologies and epistemologies. These ideas stand against the human-nature divide which characterizes modern Western thought, contribute to thinking about contemporary sustainability challenges, and offer a more structured intellectual history of the roots of ecological economics. The article argues that writing the history of EET calls for an appraisal of historiographical challenges, in particular the risks posed by presentism and anachronism. It also reviews the literature engaging with the history of EET and, finally, identifies new lines of research, especially in terms of global narratives.; A história do pensamento econômico-ecológico (PEE) tem sido construída de diversas formas e de acordo com diferentes fundamentos, dado o caráter evolutivo de conceitos relacionados a processos naturais e econômicos. Este artigo propõe um arcabouço teórico para se entender o PEE como um conjunto de ideias interligando as esferas social e natural por meio de ontologias e epistemologias compartilhadas. Essas ideias se opõem a dicotomias entre o humano e o natural que caracterizam o pensamento ocidental moderno, contribuindo para a elucidação de desafios contemporâneos no contexto da sustentabilidade e oferecendo uma história intelectual estruturada das raízes da economia ecológica. O artigo defende que escrever a história do PEE requer o escrutínio dos desafios historiográficos, em particular dos riscos associados ao presentismo e ao anacronismo; além disso, ele traz uma revisão da literatura sobre PEE e, finalmente, identifica novas linhas de pesquisa com destaque para narrativas globais.

International audience; Harold Hotelling’s 1931 article on the economics of exhaustible resources is considered groundbreaking in the history of non-renewable resource analysis. Hotelling’s innovation has been characterized by comparing his work with other contributions dealing with conservation issues. It has also been connected to his earlier work on depreciation, published in 1925, for using the same kind of mathematical formalism. This paper further explores this second research direction on the basis of new archival materials, showing that Hotelling conceived his contributions on resources and depreciation as closely and substantially intertwined. It also suggests that Hotelling’s interest in exhaustible resources came from his earlier readings in accounting. These results shed new light on Hotelling’s early economic research, on our common understanding of his 1931 contribution, and on the origins of the connection between nature and capital in the history of environmental economics.

While the energy transition now seems to be accelerating, with electric vehicles on the roads and renewables becoming competitive, reducing sustainability challenges to technological improvements would be misleading. Since the Brundtland report, which popularised the notion of sustainable development in the late 1980s, and after three decades of research and experiments, it has been now well established that the conciliation of human desires with environmental viability requires also new poli...