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The purpose of this study was to identify the most important physiological and biological effects of green synthesis ZnO nanoparticles at a size of 65 nm, biostimulant (Folcare) and interaction biostimulant ZnO NPs on plant growth and metabolism. As our understanding of biostimulants' preventive and restorative modes of action has increased, it is critical to maintain the best crop output and quality possible. The reduction of fertilizers must be substituted by strategies that improve the nutrients uptake or their utilization by the plants. New processing methods are required as an efficient green process or an integrated (hybrid) process for different new technologies of interest. The effects of NPs, biostimulant, and combination ZnO NPs biostimulant on plant cell metabolism were examined in cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria of cells from the stems, roots, and leaves. The interaction NPs/biostimulant had a beneficial effect on the morphological and physiological indicators of plant health than when nanoparticles and biostimulant are applied separately. Folcare biostimulant coupled with zinc oxide nanoparticles improved pea crops growth. The improved of the quality of pea plants can be explained at least, in part, by increase in antioxidant activities during plant growth phenophase. 1. Highlighting the environmental effect the risk management of biostimulants based on ZnO bionanoparticles on the growth of pea - Identification of specific responses of plants to nano stresses: Analyzes of metabolites Antioxidants enzymes 2. Folcare coupled with zinc oxide bionanoparticles has a significant favorable influence on environmental conservation management by assisting plants in more effectively using nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing an aqueous solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract, which is acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the plant extract, indicating that they were the major agents capable of reducing zinc nitrate salt. According to our x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO-NPs exhibit a particular phase wurtzite structure. The ZnO-NPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 15 nm, according to the measurements of electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Energy dispersion (EDX) analysis demonstrates that the NPs are mainly composed of zinc and oxygen. The zeta potential of these nanoparticles shows that they are very stable. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was tested using agar dilutions with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. According to the research results, ZnO-NPs can be established as an extremely specific antibacterial agent for a wide variety of organisms to prevent bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs were determined using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging approach, and the IC50 value of 38 μg/mL was measured for ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant catalytic performance of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. Overall, ZnO-NPs in their produced state have excellent potential in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. Radical scavengers were used to evaluate the role of radicals in the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout this report, ZnO nanoparticles are synthesised by co-precipitation as a new adsorbent. XRD, FTIR, SEM, PL, and UV-visible spectroscopy characterise the obtained nanoparticles. Characterisation of prepared nanoparticles provided evidence of the impact of duration of calcination on particle size and morphology. The new adsorbent was used to remove cationic dye (methylene blue (MB)) from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption technique. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, ion strength, contact time, and the temperature was investigated. The pHPZC was approximately pH 7.2. The results revealed that an amount of 0.1 g/L ZnO-NPs showed maximum removal efficiency of each dye (50 ppm) at pH 8.5. The adsorption process of the MB followed the Langmuir model with a correlating constant (R2) higher than 0.99 and with a maximum capacity (qm) value of 62.5 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.9986) model was most appropriate in the description of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters ΔS0(0.0001 J/mol K), ΔH0 (– 3,692 kJ/mol), and ΔG0(between − 4.143 to and – 4.189 kJ/mol) were investigated at four temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 55°C). The uptake process of the MB occurs spontaneously following an exothermic process and shows that the adsorption follows the physisorption mechanism. It would appear that hydrogen bonding was included in the potential mechanism governing MB adsorption on the ZnO nanoparticles at pH 8.5. In order to optimise various process parameters, e.g. pH solution (X1: 4–11), adsorbing dose (X2: 0,01–0,1 g/L), [MB] Concentration dye (X3: 50–300 mg/L), and contact time (X4: 20–120 min), Box–Behnken, design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The experimental results were based on a second-order polynomial equation. Overall, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.99 indicated that the used model was quite suitable and the selected RSM was successful in optimising the decolarizations conditions of MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]