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A new stress–strain relation capable of reproducing the entire stress–strain range of typical soil tests is presented. The new relation involves a total of five parameters, four of which can be inferred directly from typical test data. The fifth parameter is a fitting parameter with a relatively narrow range. The capabilities of the new relation are demonstrated by the application to various clay and sand datasets.

Chemistry Department, M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad-380 009 Manuscript received, 8 September 1976, revised 27 June 1977,accepted 3 October 1977 β-Resorcylaldehyde as a Reagent for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferric Ions.

This review article is proposed to underline method for the development by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and validation of rivaroxaban in individual and pharmaceutical dosage form. Rivaroxaban is an anti-clotting drug, acts on Factor Xa, and stops the blood clot development. In this study, different types of RP-HPLC methods which are available at present for the determination of rivaroxaban in tablets (Xarelto 10 mg) are studied. There are different types of the methods described for the estimation of this drug such as RP-HPLC, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and ultraviolet. However, nowadays, RP-HPLC plays a key role in quantitative determination of drug. The review is focused on HPLC method development that is previously used for rivaroxaban. Literature study carried on RP-HPLC, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and UPLC methods of rivaroxaban. The center of study was to develop as well as validate a stable, economic, and rapid. The RP-HPLC method for assessment of rivaroxaban in its bulk formulation. Here, a new aspect for this method was developed which revealed high sensitivity and reproducibility. The developed method by RP-HPLC was validated by guidelines of ICH.

Radiation shielding analysis conducted in support of design development of the contemporary diagnostic systems integrated inside the ITER ports is relied on the use of CAD models. This paper presents the CAD-based MCNP Monte Carlo radiation transport and activation analyses for the Diagnostic Upper and Equatorial Port Plugs (UPP #3 and EPP #8, #17). The creation process of the complicated 3D MCNP models of the diagnostics systems was substantially accelerated by application of the CAD-to-MCNP converter programs MCAM and McCad. High performance computing resources of the Helios supercomputer allowed to speed-up the MCNP parallel transport calculations with the MPI/OpenMP interface. The found shielding solutions could be universal, reducing ports R&D costs. The shield block behind the Tritium and Deposit Monitor (TDM) optical box was added to study its influence on Shut-Down Dose Rate (SDDR) in Port Interspace (PI) of EPP#17. Influence of neutron streaming along the Lost Alpha Monitor (LAM) on the neutron energy spectra calculated in the Tangential Neutron Spectrometer (TNS) of EPP#8. For the UPP#3 with Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS-core), an excessive neutron streaming along the CXRS shutter, which should be prevented in further design iteration.

International audience; The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear disaster showed that the need for safety must always prevail. This paper discusses the development of remote monitoring technologies to improve Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) safety, in operation (Pressurized Water Reactors), under construction (the EPR reactors, i.e. the GEN 3 PWR), or for any other next generations of reactors. At Fukushima, the total loss of electrical power supplies has quickly led most of the instrumentation inoperative and the operator (TEPCO) with no way to monitor the status and the evolution of the accident. To overcome these important drawbacks, advantage can be taken from the considerable potential of distributed sensing technologies based on both "Optical Fiber Sensors" (Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh Reflectometries) and long-length "Self Powered Neutron Detectors" (SPNDs). The goal consists in inquiring about the status of the third barrier of confinement and to define possible mitigation strategies in case of severe accident, namely: i) reactor pressure vessel breakthrough and corium relocation outside the vessel, ii) concrete basemat erosion and iii) corium cooling. Such monitoring should consist in "sensing cables" embedded in concrete basemat below the reactor vessel and interrogated from a rear base where operators can work safely. In this context, DISCOMS, which stands for "DIstributed Sensing for COrium Monitoring and Safety", is a five-year project, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR), dealing with the NPP safety improvement, from normal situation to severe accidents. Monitoring phases include reactor vessel breaching, corium flow, along with post-accidental period (corium cooling ex-vessel). Thus, optical fibers selected for their resistance to ionizing radiations and long length SPNDs, both judiciously deployed within the reactor concrete basemat, and the structures around it, will provide a useful real-time or on-demand monitoring, in normal operation, and more important in accidental and post-accidental situations.

International audience; The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear disaster showed that the need for safety must always prevail. This paper discusses the development of remote monitoring technologies to improve Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) safety, in operation (Pressurized Water Reactors), under construction (the EPR reactors, i.e. the GEN 3 PWR), or for any other next generations of reactors. At Fukushima, the total loss of electrical power supplies has quickly led most of the instrumentation inoperative and the operator (TEPCO) with no way to monitor the status and the evolution of the accident. To overcome these important drawbacks, advantage can be taken from the considerable potential of distributed sensing technologies based on both "Optical Fiber Sensors" (Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh Reflectometries) and long-length "Self Powered Neutron Detectors" (SPNDs). The goal consists in inquiring about the status of the third barrier of confinement and to define possible mitigation strategies in case of severe accident, namely: i) reactor pressure vessel breakthrough and corium relocation outside the vessel, ii) concrete basemat erosion and iii) corium cooling. Such monitoring should consist in "sensing cables" embedded in concrete basemat below the reactor vessel and interrogated from a rear base where operators can work safely. In this context, DISCOMS, which stands for "DIstributed Sensing for COrium Monitoring and Safety", is a five-year project, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR), dealing with the NPP safety improvement, from normal situation to severe accidents. Monitoring phases include reactor vessel breaching, corium flow, along with post-accidental period (corium cooling ex-vessel). Thus, optical fibers selected for their resistance to ionizing radiations and long length SPNDs, both judiciously deployed within the reactor concrete basemat, and the structures around it, will provide a useful real-time or on-demand monitoring, in normal operation, and more important in accidental and post-accidental situations.

International audience

International audience; The global warming, the increase of world population and the depletion of fossil resourceshave lead us in a major energy crisis. Using electronuclear energy could be one of the meansto solve a part of these issues. The way out of this crisis may be enlightened by the study oftransitional scenarios, guiding the political decisions. The reliability of those studies passesthrough the wide variety of the simulation tools and the comparison between them.From this perspective and in order to perform complex electronuclear scenario simulation,the open source Core Library for Advance Scenario Simulation (CLASS) is being developed.CLASS main asset is its ability to include any kind of reactor, whether the system is innovativeor standard. A reactor is fully described by its evolution database that must contain a set ofdifferent fuel compositions in order to simulate transitional scenarios. CLASS aims at being auseful tool to study scenarios involving Generation IV reactors as well as innovative fuel cycles,like the Thorium cycle.The following contribution will present in detail the CLASS software. Starting with the workingprinciple of this tool, one will explain the working process of the different modules suchas the evolution module. It will be followed by an exhaustive presentation of the UOX-MOXbases generation procedure. Finally a brief analysis of the error made by the CLASS evolutionmodule will be presented.

The movements of surviving small intestine of cavies fed on adequate diets and on diets consisting chiefly of cereals were studied. In normally-fed animals three types of rhythm were found: (a) fine contractions; (b) tonus movements of short duration; and (c) large sharp contractions-the (a) movements preponderating and being very often superimposed on those of the (b) and sometimes of the (c) type. In animals fed on deficient rations various degrees of disordered rhythm were found of a hypersensitive or a hyposensitive type. The responses to adrenaline, bicarbonate, and phosphates were generally different from those found in normal animals.

Summary A radiotracer study was made of caesium and chloride ion deposition on mild steel, premagnetited mild steel, stainless steel and zircaloy-2 specimens under oxidising conditions at room temperature and oxygenfree conditions at room temperature and 60° C. The results show that under any of the conditions examined uptake on stainless steel and zircaloy is low. With mild steel uptake is only low when the surface is premagnetited, and exposed to deoxygenated water at elevated temperatures. Results for anion deposition are interpreted with reference to the electrode potentials of the surfaces. Cation deposition is unrelated to electrode potentials and appears to be associated with the hydrous character of the oxide film.

Kinetic studies in aqueous solutions on the replacement of the aquo ligands in cis-Cr(Ox)2(H2O) by 2,2′-dipyridyl (dipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) forming cis-Cr(Ox)2(AA)− (AA = dipy or phen) were made spectrophotometrically. The reaction in each case occured in two concurrent paths, one of which was independent of the reagent (AA) concentration (rate constant, k0, identical for both the systems), and another which was first order with respect to it (rate constant, kR). k0 and kR values have been evaluated at different temperatures (40–70°C), and from there the corresponding ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ values. The results suggest a dissociation mechanism for the reagent independent path where CrOH2 bond rupture is only significant in the transition state. The value of kR/k0 (higher for phen compared to dipy) was of the order of 102 suggesting significant bond formation by the reagent in the transition state of the reagent dependent path. However, ΔH≠ corresponding to kR was ca. 1.7 to 1.8 times that corresponding to k0 indicating that in the reagent dependent path simultaneous rupture of the two CrOH2 bonds in cis positions occur as expected from steric considerations for these bidendate ligands. Increase in ionic strength of the of the medium causes a slight acceleration of the reagent-dependent path only. Studien zum Mechanismus der Reaktion des cis-Diaquo-bisoxalatochromat-(III)-Ions mit 2,2′-Dipyridyl und 1,10-Phenanthrolin Es wurden spektroskopisch-kinetische Messungen uber den Austausch der Aquo-Liganden in cis-Cr(Ox)2(H2O) durch die zweizahnigen Liganden dipy und phen in wasriger Losung vorgenommen. Die Reaktion verlauft bei beiden Liganden auf zwei Parallelwegen, wobei der eine unabhangig von der Reagenz-(dipy bzw. phen)-Konzentration ist (Geschwindigkeitskonstante k0 identisch bei beiden Systemen), wahrend der andere Reaktionsweg nach erster Ordnung in bezug auf das Reagenz verlauft (kR). Es wurden bei 40–70°C die Werte von k0 und kR ermittelt und von diesen die ΔH=- und ΔS=-Werte abgeleitet. Fur den k0-Weg wird ein Dissoziationsmechanismus vorgeschlagen, bei dem die Spaltung der CrOH2-Bindung erst im Ubergangszustand erfolgt. Beim KR-Weg scheint eine betrachtliche Bindungsbildung mit dem eintretenden Liganden im Ubergangszustand zu erfolgen, ermoglicht durch gleichzeitiges Aufbrechen der beiden CrOH2-Bindungen.

Locking phenomena as well as the phase following behaviour of a type of phase-locked oscillator (PLO) called frequency feedback phase-locked oscillator (FFPLO) have been studied in detail. Expressions for the locking range and the signal handling capacity when it is tracking an TTM signal have been derived. Stability of the system has been discussed with the help of a dual Nyquist plot. Experimental performance of the system with regard to the reception of a single tone FM signal is quite satisfactory and has been found to be in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Phenomenon of pulsed subharmonic oscillation in a non-linear regenerative selective circuit has been studied in detail with reference to a Graphico-analytical method for explaining the behaviour of the system. Theoretical findings and experimental facts, presented here, are found to be well coordinated.

(1934). The Dominating Species of Aquatic Plants in Brome Lake and Lake Manitou (Province of Quebec) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 464-468.

(1937). The Northern Spy as a Rootstock When Compared with other Standardized European Rootstocks. Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 246-251.

A procedure is described for selecting the minimum number of colours that will permit a pattern to be matched with a two-component fibre blend so that the resulting blend has a solid appearance. This has been applied to 50:50 blends in carpets, and the minimum number of colours is at least 40–50, if the blends are viewed from a distance of six feet. Small variations in the proportions of blending fibres may affect the resultant colour of the blend. A method for calculating permissible tolerances in the blending of coloured fibres is shown to give promising results when compared with subjective assessments.

The history and uses of the leaves of Symphytum officinale L. are given together with an illustrated account of the macroscopy of the upper and lower leaves of the plant and of the anatomical structure of the leaf. The diagnostic characters of the powdered leaves are also recorded and illustrated.

The results of behavioural, chemical, and histological studies are reported showing the presence of a sex attractant in female Orgyia leucostigma J. E. Smith. A method of bioassaying the attractancy of the female moths by the use of 4-ft-long glass tubes is given. Extraction of female abdominal tips with dichloromethane yields material biologically active when tested against male O. leucostigma.The pheromone-producing gland is a dorsally situated, crescent-shaped structure formed by modification of the epidermal cells in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments. The glandular cells are goblet-shaped and are arranged in an unusual manner.

The reversible temperature-dependence of birefringence was measured for fibre-oriented drawn filaments, doubly oriented rolled filaments and their cross-sections, and positive and negative spherulites. The pseudo-hexagonal symmetry of the unit cell, known from X-ray results to be attained above 160°C (Brill transition), is achieved by anisotropic thermal expansion and not by break-up of the planes of associated amide groups to give a three-dimensional random array of hydrogen bonds as suggested by earlier workers. The changes in refractive index with temperature are consistent with increasing torsional oscillations of hydrocarbon segments. The birefringence data for spherulites are consistent with negative spherulites growing with 3 to 2 degrees of orientational freedom of the unit cell (‘c’ axis tangential) while positive spherulites grow with only one degree of freedom of unit cell orientation (‘a’ axis radial, ‘c’ axis roughly tangential). The variation in magnitude and sign of birefringence with tempe...