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The accident mortality rates are rapidly increasing due to driver inattention, and traffic accidents become a significant problem on a global scale. For this reason, advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) are essential to enhance traffic safety measures. However, adverse environmental factors, weather, and light radiation affect the sensors' accuracy. Furthermore, potential risks may go unreported if they obstruct the sensor's line of sight or are outside its limited field of view. To overcome these problems, this research presents a vehicle collision estimate warning system that leverages a combined approach of a local linear wavelet neural network (LLWNN) and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The system integrates sensor data and vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication to enhance the accuracy and reliability of vehicle state estimation and collision prediction. The LLWNN module is responsible for forecasting the future states of the vehicle based on historical sensor measurements. This powerful time‐series modeling technique allows the system to anticipate the vehicle's trajectory and potential collision risks. The UKF then optimally fuses the LLWNN predictions with the real‐time sensor data, including information received through V2X communication, to generate accurate, up‐to‐date estimates of the vehicle's state. The V2X technology enables the seamless exchange of critical safety information between the host vehicle, surrounding vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users. This includes data on vehicle position, speed, acceleration, and intended maneuvers. By incorporating this V2X‐based situational awareness, the system can better perceive the dynamic traffic environment and identify potential collision threats that may be outside the line of sight or detection range of the vehicle's onboard sensors alone. The LLWNN‐based UKF module then processes this rich, multimodal data to provide timely and pertinent collision alerts to the driver. These alerts can warn the driver of impending collisions with distant objects, enabling them to take appropriate evasive action. By implementing this integrated LLWNN‐UKF approach leveraging sensor data and V2X communication, we aim to reduce the number of collisions caused by reckless driving, which will lead to a decrease in traffic‐related fatalities and injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epileptic seizure attack is caused by abnormal brain activity of human subjects. Certain cases will lead to death. The detection and diagnosis is therefore an important task. It can be performed either by direct patient activity during seizure or by electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis by neurologists. EEG signal processing and detection of seizures using machine learning techniques make this task easier than manual detection. To overcome this problem related to a neurological disorder, we have proposed the ensemble learning technique for improved detection of epilepsy seizures from EEG signals. In the first stage, EEG signal decomposition is done by utilizing empirical wavelet transform (EWT) for smooth analysis in terms of sub-bands. Further, features are extracted from each sub. Time and frequency domain features are the two categories used to extract the statistical features. These features are used in a stacked ensemble of deep neural network (DNN) model along with multilayer Perceptron (MLP) for the detection and classification of ictal, inter-ictal, and pre-ictal (normal) signals. The proposed method is verified using two publicly available datasets provided by the University of Bonn (UoB dataset) and Neurology and Sleep Center - New Delhi (NSC-ND dataset). The proposed algorithm resulted in 98.93 % and 98 % accuracy for the UoB and NSC-ND datasets, respectively.

Summary: The advanced wireless communication system requires abridged energy consumption, enhanced data rate, and good signal coverage. The massive MIMO technology for 5G systems has been developed to accommodate several users simultaneously with superior throughput. The claim for high data rate wireless communication services is expanding quickly as time goes. Thus, the key difficulty is that as the number of users grows, the number of phase shifters grows as well, causing the system to consume more power; as a result, the system's energy efficiency decreases. Hybrid beamforming has recently emerged as an attractive technique for millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communication systems. The analog beamformer in the RF domain and digital beamformer in the baseband are coupled through a minimal number of RF chains in hybrid beamforming architecture. Hybrid beamforming utilizes fewer RF (radio frequency) chains than the total number of antennas to have a lower energy consumption design. The hybrid beamforming for a mmWave‐based massive MIMO system through different phase shifter selection mechanisms is proposed to achieve the highest energy efficiency for mmWave communications systems. The fully connected with phase shifter selection, sub‐connected with phase shifter selection (SPSS), and fully connected and sub‐connected with phase shifter selection with halved and doubled switches are considered for this research. The simulation results show the SPSS with halved switch outperforms on energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems using power electronics-based interface devices has led to a substantial rise in power quality (PQ) issues. There is an immediate requirement for effective monitoring, detection, and classification of power quality disturbances (PQDs) that is needed to take remedial measures and design planning of the system architecture. This study presents a hybrid approach with an objective for the feature extraction and classification of PQDs. The proposed hybrid approach is comprised of an optimized tunable-Q wavelet transform (OTQWT) for the feature extraction and incremental support vector machine (ISVM). A four-stage approach is suggested for the PQ detection and classification in this study. In the first stage, the various data are retrieved both in the form of synthetic data by mathematical formulations and real-time data with prototype design setup. In the second stage, regardless of the specified wavelet function, the PQD signals are decomposed into low-pass and high-pass sub-bands using the tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT). However, the utilization of default decomposition parameters to address nonstationary PQ signals may lead to information loss and reduced performance of the system. To avoid this limitation, an OTQWT as an enhanced technique to TQWT based on an Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) is suggested. A modified objective function based on the mean square error (MSE) is used to improve the decomposition process. In the third stage, an efficient classifier is suggested based on the ISVM. Lastly, to test and evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, twelve types of PQDs including noise and multiple occurrences are considered. The comparative analysis with other popular methods reflects the better performance of the proposed approach and justifies its use for PQ detection and classification purposes in real-time​ conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain cancer deaths are significantly increased in all categories of aged persons due to the abnormal growth of brain tumor tissues in the brain. The death rate can be controlled by accurate early stage brain tumor diagnosis. The detection and classification of brain tumors play a crucial role in early diagnosis and treatment planning. Brain tumor detection and classification have become challenging and time-consuming for domain-specific radiologists and pathologists in medical image analysis. So, automatic detection and classification are essential to reduce the time of diagnosis. In recent years, machine learning classifiers have played an essential role in automatically classifying brain tumors. In this research, an approach based on an improved fuzzy factor fuzzy local information C means (IFF-FLICM) segmentation and hybrid modified harmony search and sine cosine algorithm (MHS-SCA) optimized extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed for brain tumor detection and classification. The IFF-FLICM algorithm is utilized to accurately segment the brain's magnetic resonance (MR) images to identify the tumor regions. The Mexican hat wavelet transform is employed for feature extraction from the segmented images. The extracted features from the segmented regions are fed into the MHS-SCA-ELM classifier for classification. The MHS-SCA is proposed to optimize the weights of the ELM model to improve the classification performance. Five distinct multimodal and unimodal benchmark functions are considered for optimization to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed MHS-SCA optimization technique. The image Dataset-255 is considered for this study. The quality measures such as SSIM and PSNR are considered for segmentation. The proposed IFF-FLICM segmentation achieved a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 37.24 dB and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9823. The proposed MHS-SCA-based ELM model achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 98.78%, 99.23%, and 99.12%. The classification performance results of the proposed MHS-SCA-ELM model are compared with MHS-ELM, SCA-ELM, and PSO-ELM models, and the comparison results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, authors present an automated system in this paper that integrates a ranking technique with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) and a 1-Norm Bidirectional Extreme Learning Machine (1-NBELM) to reliably classify normal and coronary artery disease groups. Twenty chaotic and non-linear attributes were hauling out from the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal to detect coronary artery disease groups. The HRV data for this study derived from a typical database of Normal Old (ELY), Young (YNG), and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) people. Fisher, Wilcoxon and Bhattacharya were used to compute the rankings of attributes. GDA then turned the ranking features into a new feature. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel was used to transfer original features to a high-dimensional feature space in GDA and PCA, and then it was deployed to 1-NBELM, which utilized the sigmoidal or multiquadric non-linear activation. Numerical experiments were performed on the combination of database sets as Young-ELY, Healthy-CAD, and Healthy ELY-CAD subjects. The numerical results show that ROC with GDA and 1-NBELM approach achieved an accuracy of 98.12±0.14, 96.21±0.12 and 99.87±0.28 for Young-CAD, Young-ELY and Healthy ELY-CAD groups with the use of sigmoidal and multiquadric activation function. The Fisher with GDA and 1-NBELM and Bhattacharya with GDA and 1-Norm Extreme Learning Machine (1-NELM) approach achieved an accuracy of 99.98±0.21 for all databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]