Search

Primary hyperplastic persistent vitreous (PHPV) or persistent fetal vasculature is a rare clinical entity that presents with leucocoria, microphthalmos, and cataract. It is mostly unilateral. Here we present a report of two cases of bilateral PHPV. One of the patients had associated Peters’ anomaly. The entity closely mimics retinoblastoma and should be kept as a differential diagnosis of bilateral leucocoria. Examination under anesthesia, ultrasound B-scan, and aqueous lactate dehydrogenase levels helped us reach the diagnosis and differentiate it from the more serious entity retinoblastoma.

Recent advancements in oral cancer detection prioritize non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques for efficient and accurate screening. This review outlines progress in methods such as narrow band imaging, fluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography, showing promise in early lesion detection. Biomarker detection in saliva and targeted nanoparticles enhance early diagnosis, while machine learning improves diagnostic accuracy. However, clinical validation and large-scale studies are needed for widespread adoption.

Probiotics, like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, benefit health by populating the digestive system, which houses numerous microbial species. Studies demonstrate their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, crucial in preventing oral conditions like dental caries. Our research evaluated a probiotic strain’s anti-biofilm efficacy against oral pathogens in 45 individuals’ saliva, alongside its biofilm-forming potential. Analysis revealed significant biofilm inhibition in 36 samples. Comparisons based on age, gender, and geography further supported these findings. We propose further exploration of probiotics tailored to specific demographics to enhance oral health outcomes, suggesting a promising avenue for preventing oral microbial diseases.

In this study, we report the cardioprotective effect of the glycerol monooleate (GMO) based nanocurcumin in both in vitro and in vivo conditions under a hyperthyroid state. The heart is one of the primary target organs sensitive to the action of thyroid hormone, and slight variations in the thyroid hormone serum concentrations result in measurable changes in cardiac performance. Hyperthyroidism‐induced hypermetabolism is associated with oxidative stress and is an important mechanism responsible for the progression of heart failure. Curcumin has been known to play a protective role against oxidative stress‐related diseases like Alzheimer's, asthma, and aging due to its antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, its potent biological activity has been hindered due to its poor bioavailability. To overcome this drawback, a GMO‐based biodegradable nanoparticle (NP) formulation loaded with curcumin has been developed, and the protective effect of curcumin‐loaded NPs was compared against the native drug. Oxidative stress parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, change in mitochondrial membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation (LPx), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the activity and protein expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated. The results from in vitro showed that curcumin‐loaded NPs showed better DPPH and NO radical scavenging activity than native curcumin in a concentrations range of 2.5–20 µM. It was also observed that the nanoparticulate curcumin was comparatively more effective than native curcumin in protecting against ROS‐induced membrane damage by reducing LPx and LDH leakage at low concentrations of 5–10 µM. Further, curcumin NPs performed better in facilitating the activities of antioxidant enzymes under in vitro and in vivo conditions with respect to time and concentrations, resulting in reduced cellular ROS levels. In this scenario, we anticipate that curcumin‐loaded NPs can serve as a better antioxidant than its native counterpart in protecting the heart from oxidative stress‐related diseases. Significance Statement: Our research presents the cardioprotective effect of glycerol monooleate (GMO) based nano‐curcumin in vitro and in vivo conditions during a hyperthyroid state. The study found that nanoparticulate curcumin outperformed native curcumin in shielding against oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo settings, leading to decreased cellular ROS levels over time and at varying concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]