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Motivated by the very recent work of Gao, Y., Chen, J., Wang, J., Zou, H. [Comm. Algebra, 49(8) (2021) 3241-3254; MR4283143], we introduce two new generalized inverses named weak Drazin (WD) and weak Drazin Moore-Penrose (WDMP) inverses for elements in rings. A few of their properties are then provided, and the fact that the proposed generalized inverses coincide with different well-known generalized inverses under certain assumptions is established. Further, we discuss additive properties, reverse-order law and forward-order law for WD and WDMP generalized inverses. Some examples are also provided in support of the theoretical results., Comment: we discuss additive properties, reverse-order law and forward-order law for WD and WDMP generalized inverses. Some examples are also provided in support of the theoretical results

Motivated by the works of Wang and Liu [Linear Algebra Appl., 488 (2016) 235-248; MR3419784] and Mosic [Results Math., 75(2) (2020) 1-21; MR4079761], we provide further results on GD inverses and introduce two new classes for square matrices called GD-star (generalized-Drazin-star) and GD-star-one (generalized-Drazin-star-one) using a GD inverse of a matrix. We then exploit their various properties and characterize them in terms of various generalized inverses. We establish a representation of a GD-star matrix by using the core-nilpotent decomposition and Hartwig-Spindelbock decomposition. We also define a binary relation called GD-star order using this class of matrices. Further, we obtain some analogous results for the class of star-GD matrices. Moreover, the reverse-order law and forward-order law for GD inverse along with its monotonicity criteria are obtained., Comment: We provide further results on GD inverses and introduce two new classes for square matrices called GD-star and GD-star-one using a GD inverse of a matrix

This article first introduces the notion of weighted singular value decomposition (WSVD) of a tensor via the Einstein product. The WSVD is then used to compute the weighted Moore-Penrose inverse of an arbitrary-order tensor. We then define the notions of weighted normal tensor for an even-order square tensor and weighted tensor norm. Finally, we apply these to study the theory of numerical range for the weighted Moore-Penrose inverse of an even-order square tensor and exploit its several properties. We also obtain a few new results in the matrix setting that generalizes some of the existing results as particular cases., Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure

If $a$ and $b$ are a pair of invertible elements, then $ab$ is also invertible and the inverse of the product $ab$ satisfying $$(ab)^{-1}=a^{-1}b^{-1}$$ is known as the {\it forward-order law}. This article establishes a few sufficient conditions of the forward-order law for the core inverse of elements in rings with involution. It also presents the forward-order law for the weighted core inverse and the triple forward-order law for the core inverse. Additionally, we discuss the hybrid forward-order law among the Moore-Penrose inverse, the group inverse, and the core inverse., Comment: 14

Theory of numerical range and numerical radius for tensors is not studied much in the literature. In 2016, Ke {\it et al.} [Linear Algebra Appl., 508 (2016) 100-132] introduced first the notion of numerical range of a tensor via the $k$-mode product. However, the convexity of the numerical range via the $k$-mode product was not proved by them. In this paper, the notion of numerical range and numerical radius for even-order square tensors using inner product via the Einstein product are introduced first. We provide some sufficient conditions using numerical radius for a tensor to being unitary. The convexity of the numerical range is also proved. We also provide an algorithm to plot the numerical range of a tensor. Furthermore, some properties of the numerical range for the Moore--Penrose inverse of a tensor are discussed., Comment: 20 pages

Monotone matrices play a key role in the convergence theory of regular splittings and different types of weak regular splittings. If monotonicity fails, then it is difficult to guarantee the convergence of the above-mentioned classes of matrices. In such a case, $K$-monotonicity is sufficient for the convergence of $K$-regular and $K$-weak regular splittings, where $K$ is a proper cone in $\mathbb{R}^n$. However, the convergence theory of a two-stage iteration scheme in general proper cone setting is a gap in the literature. Especially, the same study for weak regular splittings of type II (even if in standard proper cone setting, i.e., $K=\mathbb{R}^n_+$), is open. To this end, we propose convergence theory of two-stage iterative scheme for $K$-weak regular splittings of both types in the proper cone setting. We provide some sufficient conditions which guarantee that the induced splitting from a two-stage iterative scheme is a $K$-regular splitting and then establish some comparison theorems. We also study $K$-monotone convergence theory of the stationary two-stage iterative method in case of a $K$-weak regular splitting of type II. The most interesting and important part of this work is on $M$-matrices appearing in the Covid-19 pandemic model. Finally, numerical computations are performed using the proposed technique to compute the next generation matrix involved in the pandemic model., Comment: 24 Pages, 2 figures, one table

Let $A$ be a bounded linear positive operator on a complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}.$ Further, let $\mathcal{B}_A\mathcal{(H)}$ denote the set of all bounded linear operators on $\mathcal{H}$ whose $A$-adjoint exists, and $\mathbb{A}$ signify a diagonal operator matrix with diagonal entries are $A.$ Very recently, several $A$-numerical radius inequalities of $2\times 2 $ operator matrices were established by Feki and Sahoo [arXiv:2006.09312; 2020] and Bhunia {\it et al.} [Linear Multilinear Algebra (2020), DOI: 10.1080/03081087.2020.1781037], assuming the conditions "$\mathcal{N}(A)^\perp$ is invariant under different operators in $\mathcal{B}_A(\mathcal{H})$" and "$A$ is strictly positive", respectively. In this paper, we prove a few new $\mathbb{A}$-numerical radius inequalities for $2\times 2$ and $n\times n$ operator matrices. We also provide some new proofs of the existing results by relaxing different sufficient conditions like "$\mathcal{N}(A)^\perp$ is invariant under different operators" and "$A$ is strictly positive". Our proofs show the importance of the theory of the Moore-Penrose inverse of a bounded linear operator in this field of study., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.03512

Matrix double splitting iterations are simple in implementation while solving real non-singular (rectangular) linear systems. In this paper, we present two Alternating Double Splitting (ADS) schemes formulated by two double splittings and then alternating the respective iterations. The convergence conditions are then discussed along with comparative analysis. The set of double splittings used in each ADS schemes induce a preconditioned system which helps in showing the convergence of the ADS schemes. We also show that the classes of matrices for which one ADS scheme is better than the other are mutually exclusive. Numerical experiments confirm the proposed ADS schemes are superior to the existing methods in actual implementation. Though the problems are considered in the rectangular matrix settings, the same problems are even new in non-singular matrix settings., Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

Let ($\mathcal{H}, \langle . , .\rangle )$ be a complex Hilbert space and $A$ be a positive bounded linear operator on it. Let $w_A(T)$ be the $A$-numerical radius and $\|T\|_A$ be the $A$-operator seminorm of an operator $T$ acting on the semi-Hilbertian space $(\mathcal{H}, \langle .,.\rangle_A),$ where $\langle x, y\rangle_A:=\langle Ax, y\rangle$ for all $x,y\in \mathcal{H}$. In this article, we establish several upper and lower bounds for $B$-numerical radius of $2\times 2$ operator matrices, where $B=\begin{bmatrix} A & 0 0 & A \end{bmatrix}$. Further, we prove some refinements of earlier $A$-numerical radius inequalities for operators., Comment: 16 pages

In this paper, we provide a few properties of the weighted Moore--Penrose inverse for an arbitrary order tensor via the Einstein product. We again obtain some new sufficient conditions for the reverse-order law of the weighted Moore--Penrose inverse for even-order square tensors. We then present several characterizations of the reverse-order law for tensors of arbitrary order., Comment: 15 pages

Iterative methods based on matrix splittings are useful in solving large sparse linear systems. In this direction, proper splittings and its several extensions are used to deal with singular and rectangular linear systems. In this article, we introduce a new iteration scheme called three-step alternating iterations using proper splittings and group inverses to find an approximate solution of singular linear systems, iteratively. A preconditioned alternating iterative scheme is also proposed to relax some sufficient conditions and to obtain faster convergence as well. We then show that our scheme converges faster than the existing one. The theoretical findings are then validated numerically.

The equality $(\mc{A}\n\mc{B})^\dagger = \mc{B}^\dagger \n \mc{A}^\dagger$ for any two complex tensors $\mc{A}$ and $\mc{B}$ of arbitrary order, is called as the {\it reverse-order law} for the Moore-Penrose inverse of arbitrary order tensors via the Einstein product. Panigrahy {\it et al.} [Linear Multilinear Algebra; 68 (2020), 246-264.] obtained several necessary and sufficient conditions to hold the reverse-order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of even-order tensors via the Einstein product, very recently. This notion is revisited here among other results. In this context, we present several new characterizations of the reverse-order law of arbitrary order tensors via the same product. More importantly, we illustrate a result on the Moore-Penrose inverse of a sum of two tensors as an application of the reverse-order law which leaves an open problem. We recall the definition of the Frobenius norm and the spectral norm to illustrate a result for finding the additive perturbation bounds of the Moore-Penrose inverse under the Frobenius norm. We conclude our paper with the introduction of the notion of sub-proper splitting for tensors which may help to find an iterative solution of a tensor multilinear system.

In this paper, we first give an expression for the Moore-Penrose inverse of the product of two tensors via the Einstein product. We then introduce a new generalized inverse of a tensor called product Moore-Penrose inverse. A necessary and sufficient condition for the coincidence of the Moore-Penrose inverse and the product Moore-Penrose inverse is also proposed. Finally, the triple reverse order law of tensors is introduced.

Reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverses of tensors are useful in the field of multilinear algebra. In this paper, we first prove some more identities involving the Moore-Penrose inverse of tensors. We then obtain a few necessary and sufficient conditions for the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse of tensors via the Einstein product.

The least square solution of minimum norm of a rectangular linear system of equations can be found out iteratively by using matrix splittings. However, the convergence of such an iteration scheme arising out of a matrix splitting is practically very slow in many cases. Thus, works on improving the speed of the iteration scheme have attracted great interest. In this direction, comparison of the rate of convergence of the iteration schemes produced by two matrix splittings is very useful. But, in the case of matrices having many matrix splittings, this process is time-consuming. The main goal of the current article is to provide a solution to the above issue by using proper multisplittings. To this end, we propose a few comparison theorems for proper weak regular splittings and proper nonnegative splittings first. We then derive convergence and comparison theorems for proper multisplittings with the help of the theory of proper weak regular splittings., Comment: 24 pages

The notion of the Moore-Penrose inverse of tensors with the Einstein product was introduced, very recently. In this paper, we further elaborate this theory by producing a few characterizations of different generalized inverses of tensors. A new method to compute the Moore-Penrose inverse of tensors is proposed. Reverse order laws for several generalized inverses of tensors are also presented. In addition to these, we discuss general solutions of multilinear systems of tensors using such theory., Comment: 29 pages

The theory of matrix splitting is a useful tool for finding solution of rectangular linear system of equations, iteratively. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we revisit theory of weak regular splittings for rectangular matrices. Secondly, we propose an alternating iterative method for solving rectangular linear systems by using the Moore-Penrose inverse and discuss its convergence theory, by extending the work of Benzi and Szyld Numererische Mathematik 76 (1997) 309-321; MR1452511]. Furthermore, a comparison result is obtained which insures faster convergence rate of the proposed alternating iterative scheme., Comment: 18 pages