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Background: Functional movement disorders (FMDs) and functional seizure (FS) are the two most important subcategories of functional neurologic disorders (FNDs). Objectives: This study aimed to discern similarities and differences between patients with FMD and FS. Methods: A prospective comparative study of 94 patients with FNDs (FMD = 47, FS = 47) was conducted. Results: Tremor and pauci-kinetic attack with preserved responsiveness were the most common subtypes observed in patients with FMD and FS, respectively. A significantly higher number of patients with FMD had more than one precipitating factor (P = 0.03). Headache was significantly more common in patients with FS (P = 0.03). More patients came for follow-up in the FMD group (P = 0.01). More patients in the FS group reported "very much improvement" (P = 0.04), and "no change" was more commonly reported by the FMD group patients (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Emotional stress was the most common precipitating factor in patients with FMD and FS. The prognosis was better in patients with FS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Anumeha. Mishra, Sanjay. Pandey Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to twisting movements and abnormal posturing. This motor definition of dystonia is commonly [...]

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Clinical services were severely affected globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the clinical experience of using botulinum toxin (BTX) injections during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of patients who received BTX injections from April 2019 to January 2022. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients received an BTX injections, out of which 76 (72.4%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 47.9±15.1 years. The most common indication for receiving BTX injections was dystonia (n = 79; 75.2%), followed by hemifacial spasm (n = 22; 21%) and miscellaneous movement disorders (n = 4; 3.8%). Focal dystonia (n = 45; 57%) was the most frequent form of dystonia, followed by segmental dystonia (n = 24; 30%). The percentage of generalized dystonia and hemidystonia was 12% and 1%, respectively. Cervical dystonia (44.4%), blepharospasm (17.8%), and writer’s cramp (15.6%) were the most frequent forms of focal dystonia. The miscellaneous group included four patients (3.8%) with trigeminal neuralgia, Holmes tremor, dystonic tics, and hemimasticatory spasm. The mean ages of patients in the dystonia, hemifacial spasm, and the miscellaneous groups were 47.7±14.9 years, 49.2±14.0 years, and 44.2±26.0 years, respectively. The mean BTX dose was 131.6±104.1 U. The mean BTX doses for the dystonia group, hemifacial spasm, and the miscellaneous group were 158.7±105.3 U, 40.1±11.3 U, and 100.0±70.7 U, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most patients in our cohort had dystonia, followed by hemifacial spasm. Among the patients with dystonia, most had focal dystonia, with cervical dystonia being the most common movement disorder. The data obtained in our study is important to increase awareness of the effectiveness of BTX injections in patients with chronic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of a 15‑year‑old girl presented with complaints of headache and binocular vertical diplopia that aggravated on downgaze and improved on facial puffiness and hirsutism. Topics include magnetic resonance spectroscopy image is showing raised lipid/lactate peak within the lesion consistent with a diagnosis of tuberculoma; and heterogenous area of hypo‑density surrounded by a rim of hyper‑density in the area of right cerebello‑pontine angle region.

Background: Repetitive behaviors refer to a broad class of responses ranging from stereotypic body movements to impulsive/compulsive behaviors. They may be associated with neurological disorders. Methods: This is a case series of six subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients who presented with a wide spectrum of repetitive motor behaviors and vocalizations. Results: Repetitive motor behaviors involved the upper limbs in all patients and lower limbs in 3 patients. The repetitive movements in the upper limbs were clapping, finger‐clicking, hand rubbing, flailing, and dystonic posturing. In the lower limbs, the repetitive movements were rubbing with the heel, pelvic thrusting with flexion extension of the leg, and foot tapping. The spectrum of vocalizations included palilalia, whistling, grunting with spitting, and pathological crying. Repetitive behaviors were the presenting features in 2 patients. Conclusions: This case series expands the spectrum of repetitive behaviors seen in neurological disorders associated with brain infections. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]