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Abstract The resilient framework of Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (LIFSs) allows for the representation and management of uncertainties related to intuitionistic judgments and linguistic expressions. Recent advances in passive and active safety systems have reduced highway fatalities. Autonomous vehicles can improve safety, efficiency, and mobility by navigating traffic without a driver. One of the primary benefits associated with this technology is that it reduces the number of traffic collisions that result in millions of fatalities and numerous injuries. In this research work, we devise two novel aggregation operators: the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi ordered weighted averaging (LIFDOWA) operator and the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi ordered weighted geometric (LIFDOWG) operator, and explore their fundamental structural properties. We provide innovative score and accuracy functions for multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems within the framework of LIF knowledge. Moreover, we use these techniques to develop a specialized algorithm for MADM issues that addresses the complexities arising from ambiguous data during the selection process. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods by applying them to solve the MADM scenario of selecting an optimal approach to improve the credibility of autonomous vehicle control systems on a commercial scale. In addition, we also compare and evaluate the authenticity and practicability of the newly designed techniques in comparison to existing methodologies.

Abstract The high non-radiative energy loss is a bottleneck issue that impedes the improvement of organic solar cells. The formation of triplet exciton is thought to be the main source of the large non-radiative energy loss. Decreasing the rate of back charge transfer is considered as an effective approach to alleviate the relaxation of the charge-transfer state and the triplet exciton generation. Herein, we develops an efficient ternary system based on D18:N3-BO:F-BTA3 by regulating the charge-transfer state disorder and the rate of back charge transfer of the blend. With the addition of F-BTA3, a well-defined morphology with a more condensed molecular packing is obtained. Moreover, a reduced charge-transfer state disorder is demonstrated in the ternary blend, which decreases the rate of back charge transfer as well as the triplet exciton formation, and therefore hinders the non-radiative recombination pathways. Consequently, D18:N3-BO:F-BTA3-based device produces a low non-radiative energy loss of 0.183 eV and a record-high efficiency of 20.25%. This work not only points towards the significant role of the charge-transfer state disorder on the suppression of triplet exciton formation and the non-radiative energy loss, but also provides a valuable insight for enhancing the performance of OSCs.

Abstract Background It is well-known that serum uric acid (SUA) can increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. However, its independent association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is controversial particularly in different populations. Hence, this study was aimed to assess an independent association of SUA with CVD risk in a Punjabi Pakistani cohort. Methods This is a retrospective observational study in which 502 human subjects having CVD, hypertension and/or diabetes were grouped based on SUA levels as normouricemia (n = 266) and hyperuricemia (n = 236). Role of SUA was assessed in increasing the risk of CVD independent of other key confounding factors (i.e. age, gender, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, dietary and life-style habits). All clinical and biochemical data were analyzed in SPSS (ver. 20). Results Subjects aged 55 ± 13 years were of both genders (males: 52%). SUA levels were significantly different among clinical subtypes of CVD [i.e. acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF)]. Spearman correlation showed a significantly positive association between CVD and SUA (rho = 0.149, p

Abstract Poor seedling germination and growth can result in large financial losses for farmers, thus, there is an urgent need for sustainable agricultural techniques to enhance seed germination and early growth. As an outcome, sustainable agriculture-which emphasizes the smart and effective utilization of resources-has gained popularity worldwide. At numerous levels, the field of nanotechnology is capable of significant benefit in achieving sustainable agricultural practices. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been shown to have biostimulatory properties and serve as effective solutions for addressing environmental and biotic stressors. The purpose of this study, investigating Salvadora persica halophytic leaf extract -synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (S-ZnONPs) as nano-priming agents to ensure okra seeds germinated under stress-free conditions. From an application perspective, we examined the effect of seed priming with varying concentrations of S-ZnO NPs (0, 20 and 40 ppm) for 18 and 24 h of soaking. Results indicated that the germination rate of hybrid variety improved with 20 ppm at 18 h, increasing by 58.22%, while mean germination time reduced by 24.62%. An enhancement trend was observed in the shoot, root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight of hybrid variety at 20ppm with 18 h priming by 34.2, 84.3, 80.2, 47.4, 50.3, and 36.2%, respectively. However, chlorophyll pigments chl a, chl b, and carotenoids was significantly raised in desi variety by 42.4, 79.31, and 142.29% with 20 ppm at 18 h priming. Hydrogen per oxide decreased up to 87.8% with 40 ppm at 24 h in hybrid variety, while, in desi variety H2O2 was reduced 88.3% with 20 ppm at 24 h. Non enzymatic antioxidant activities such as ascorbic acid, was highly increased 130.6% in hybrid at 24 h priming with 20 ppm dose. Flavonoids raised in same variety by 166.1% with 20 ppm at 18 h. Proline content was increased by 144.5% with 40ppm at 18 h. Moreover, Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were significantly increased in both varieties with both levels of S-ZnO NPs and priming time. This cost-effective and environmentally safe technique to produce nanoparticles of different halophytic plants can maximize resource utilization, supporting sustainable agriculture by minimizing adverse environmental effects without compromising efficiency.

Abstract Drought stress (DS) adversely affects a plant’s development and growth by negatively altering the plant’s physio-biochemical functions. Previous investigations have illustrated that seed priming with growth regulators is an accessible, affordable, and effective practice to elevate a plant’s tolerance to drought stress. Melatonin (MT) is derived from the precursor tryptophan and can improve germination, biomass, and photosynthesis under stress conditions. The current study examined the effect of melatonin seed priming on two wheat cultivars (Fakhar-e-Bhakkar and Akber-19) cultivated under severe drought conditions (35% FC). There were 6 levels of melatonin (i.e., M0 = control, M1 = 1 mg L− 1, M2 = 2 mg L− 1, M3 = 3 mg L− 1, M4 = 4 mg L− 1 and M5 = mg L− 1) which were used for seed priming. Our results confirmed that seed priming with M2 = 2 mgL− 1 concentration of MT alleviates the negative effects of DS by boosting the germination rate by 54.84% in Akber-19 and 33.33% in Fakhar-e-Bhakkar. Similarly, leaf-relative water contents were enhanced by 22.38% and 13.28% in Akber-19 and Fakhar-e-Bhakkar, respectively. Melatonin pre-treatment with 2 mgL− 1 significantly enhanced fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectants accumulation [total soluble proteins (TSP), total free amino acids (TFAA), proline, soluble sugars, glycine betaine (GB)] and lowered the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by elevating antioxidants [Ascorbic acid, catalase (CAT), Phenolics, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] activity under drought stress (DS). Meanwhile, under control conditions (NoDS), the melatonin treatment M1 = 1 mgL− 1 effectively enhanced all the growth-related physio-biochemical attributes in both wheat cultivars. In the future, more investigations are suggested on different crops under variable agroclimatic conditions to declare 2 mgL− 1 melatonin as an efficacious amendment to alleviate drought stress.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) play a crucial role in healthcare and various other domains by enabling continuous monitoring of vital signs and activities. However, challenges such as low-powered sensors, unstable links, and routing issues hinder their efficiency and reliability. In this paper, we propose the Thermal Aware High Throughput (TAHT) routing protocol to address these challenges. TAHT utilizes a multi-hop topology and prioritizes stable links for efficient routing, considering parameters like energy, link quality, and temperature. Through experimental evaluation, TAHT demonstrates a 10% to 20% improvement in throughput, a 15% reduction in temperature overheads, and enhanced overall performance compared to benchmark protocols. By effectively managing energy consumption, minimizing duplicate data transmissions, and optimizing routing paths, TAHT offers a novel solution to improve the reliability and sustainability of WBANs, thus advancing the field beyond previous efforts in the literature.

Abstract Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a significant food crop cultivated around the world. Caffeic acid (CA) can enhance plant growth by promoting antioxidant activity and stimulating root development, contributing to overall plant health and vigor. Cobalt sulfate (CoSO4) boosts plant growth by promoting nitrogen (N) fixation, healthier root development, and chlorophyll synthesis, enhancing photosynthesis and overall plant health. Nanoparticle-coated urea (NPCU) improves nutrient uptake, promoting plant growth efficiency and reducing environmental impact. This study investigates the effects of combining CA, CoSO4, and NPCU as amendments on potatoes with and without NPCU. Four treatments, control, 20 μM CA, 0.15 mg/L CoSO4, and 20 μM CA + 0.15 mg/L CoSO4 with and without NPCU, were applied in four replications using a completely randomized design. Results demonstrate that the combination of CA + CoSO4 with NPCU led to an increase in potato stem length (~ 6%), shoot dry weight (~ 15%), root dry weight (~ 9%), and leaf dry weight (~ 49%) compared to the control in nutrient stress. There was a significant rise in chlorophyll a (~ 27%), chlorophyll b (~ 37%), and total chlorophyll (~ 28%) over the control under nutrient stress also showed the potential of CA + CoSO4 with NPCU. In conclusion, the findings suggest that applying CA + CoSO4 with NPCU is a strategy for alleviating potato nutrient stress.

A Rift Valley fever epizootic affected livestock in Rwanda during March–October 2022. We confirmed 3,112 infections with the virus, including 1,342 cases, 1,254 abortions, and 516 deaths among cattle, goats, and sheep. We recommend a One Health strategy for investigations and response to protect animal and human health.

According to the Global Burden of Disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) was Pakistan’s eighth most common cause of death in 2017. After having end-stage renal disease, most patients prefer hemodialysis as Kidney Replacement Therapy (KRT) because of the lack of kidney donors. There are specific fears related to hemodialysis therapy, but a multidisciplinary approach is required to remove the concern. Along with this, kidney disease is an irreversible condition; the primary goal of treatment is to delay disease progression. To accomplish this goal, pre-dialysis nurses can intervene in kidney disease stage III to delay the deterioration of kidney function and prevent further complications through health education and strengthening patients’ self-care behavior. Employing predialysis nurses in the nephrology clinics will be beneficial to the healthcare system as it will reduce hospital costs by reducing the number of hospital admissions, slow the progression of kidney disease, and, therefore, defer the requirement for dialysis therapy. However, multiple challenges exist to introducing pre-dialysis nurses in the healthcare sector, but through proper planning, these challenges can be overcome, and better health outcomes can be achieved. This position aims to highlight the vital role of pre-dialysis care nurses in the healthcare sector, their responsibilities with supporting arguments, the Chronic Care Model, challenges, and recommendations to overcome those challenges

Deteriorating water quality poses a substantial risk to human health, with billions at risk of waterborne diseases due to contamination. Insufficient water quality data augment risks as conventional monitoring methods lack comprehensive coverage. Technologies like the Internet of Things and machine learning offer real-time water quality monitoring and classification. IoT nodes often provide point data insufficient for monitoring the quality of entire water bodies. Remote sensing, though useful, has limitations such as measuring only optically active parameters and being affected by climate and resolution issues. To address these challenges, an unmanned surface vehicle named `AquaDrone' has been developed. AquaDrone traverses water bodies, collecting data of four key parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and temperature) along with GPS coordinates. The data is transmitted to a web portal via LoRa communication and Wi-Fi, where visualizations like data tables, trendlines and color-coded heatmaps are generated. A multilayer perceptron classifies water quality into five categories, aiding in real-time classification. A comparative analysis of various oversampling techniques has been conducted in the context of water quality classification. The AquaDrone offers a feasible solution for monitoring quality of small to medium-sized water bodies, crucial for safeguarding public health. HIGHLIGHTS AquaDrone measures four physicochemical parameters of water along with GPS coordinates to monitor water quality in real-time.; A multilayer perceptron classifies water quality into five categories, with oversampling used to enhance model training.; AquaDrone wirelessly transmits data to the web portal, where trendlines, data table and a color-coded heatmap are generated to visualize water quality.; This ensures effective real-time monitoring in small to medium-sized water bodies, protecting both water sources and human health.;

Abstract The study's goal was to compare and evaluate the benefits of deep friction massage and ultrasonic therapy (US) vs extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for people with lateral epicondylitis. This double-blind, parallel-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted after ethical approval on a sample of 80 subjects with lateral epicondylitis. Participants were enrolled based on predefined eligibility criteria. They were randomly allocated to groups A and B. Group A received ESWT, while Group B received the US combined with deep friction massage. Data was collected using the Numeric Pain Rating Score (NPRS) and Patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire (PRTEE) at baseline, at 3rd, and at 7th week of treatment. On the basis of the normality of the data, a non-parametric test was applied to evaluate between-group and within-group differences. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant difference between groups (p

Abstract Arsenic (As) contamination is a major environmental pollutant that adversely affects plant physiological processes and can hinder nutrients and water availability. Such conditions ultimately resulted in stunted growth, low yield, and poor plant health. Using rhizobacteria and composted biochar (ECB) can effectively overcome this problem. Rhizobacteria have the potential to enhance plant growth by promoting nutrient uptake, producing growth hormones, and suppressing diseases. Composted biochar can enhance plant growth by improving aeration, water retention, and nutrient cycling. Its porous structure supports beneficial microorganisms, increasing nutrient uptake and resilience to stressors, ultimately boosting yields while sequestering carbon. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of previously isolated Bacillus faecalis (B. faecalis) and ECB as amendments on maize cultivated under different As levels (0, 300, 600 mg As/kg soil). Four treatments (control, 0.5% composted biochar (0.5ECB), B. faecalis, and 0.5ECB + B. faecalis) were applied in four replications following a completely randomized design. Results showed that the 0.5ECB + B. faecalis treatment led to a significant rise in maize plant height (~ 99%), shoot length (~ 55%), root length (~ 82%), shoot fresh (~ 87%), and shoot dry weight (~ 96%), root fresh (~ 97%), and dry weight (~ 91%) over the control under 600As stress. There was a notable increase in maize chlorophyll a (~ 99%), chlorophyll b (~ 81%), total chlorophyll (~ 94%), and shoot N, P, and K concentration compared to control under As stress, also showing the potential of 0.5ECB + B. faecalis treatment. Consequently, the findings suggest that applying 0.5ECB + B. faecalis is a strategy for alleviating As stress in maize plants.

Abstract Bioremediation techniques, which harness the metabolic activities of microorganisms, offer sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to contaminated soil remediation. These methods involve the introduction of specialized microbial consortiums to facilitate the degradation of pollutants, contribute to soil restoration, and mitigate environmental hazards. When selecting the most effective bioremediation technique for soil decontamination, precise and dependable decision-making methods are critical. This research endeavors to tackle the aforementioned concern by utilizing the tool of aggregation operators in the framework of the Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy (LIF) environment. Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (LIFSs) provide a robust framework for representing and managing uncertainties associated with linguistic expressions and intuitionistic assessments. Aggregation operators enrich the decision-making process by efficiently handling the intrinsic uncertainties, preferences, and priorities of MADM problems; as a consequence, the decisions produced are more reliable and precise. In this research, we utilize this concept to devise innovative aggregation operators, namely the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi weighted averaging operator (LIFDWA) and the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric operator (LIFDWG). We also demonstrate the critical structural properties of these operators. Additionally, we formulate novel score and accuracy functions for multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems within LIF knowledge. Furthermore, we develop an algorithm to confront the complexities associated with ambiguous data in solving decision-making problems in the LIF Dombi aggregation environment. To underscore the efficacy and superiority of our proposed methodologies, we adeptly apply these techniques to address the MADM problem concerning the optimal selection of a bioremediation technique for soil decontamination. Moreover, we present a comparative evaluation to delineate the authenticity and practical applicability of the recently introduced approaches relative to previously formulated techniques.

Abstract This study aims to examine the implementation of teacher training on learning innovations within the Kurikulum Merdeka to improve the quality of education for students, particularly Indonesian children living abroad. This community service employs the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. The target participants are all 18 elementary school teachers at the Indonesian School in Jeddah. Data collection instruments included both qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing questionnaires and interviews, before and after the implementation of activities. As a result of this service activity, the teachers at the Indonesian School in Jeddah successfully developed innovative learning media for the Kurikulum Merdeka using digital tools such as Canva and Assembler Edu. Furthermore, the use of digital technology-based learning media significantly motivated students and enhanced their learning experience. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan pelatihan guru tentang inovasi pembelajaran dalam Kurikulum Merdeka untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan bagi siswa, terutama anak-anak Indonesia yang tinggal di luar negeri. Layanan masyarakat ini menggunakan pendekatan Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD). Peserta yang menjadi target adalah semua 18 guru sekolah dasar di Sekolah Indonesia di Jeddah. Instrumen pengumpulan data mencakup metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara masing-masing, sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan kegiatan. Sebagai hasil dari kegiatan pelayanan ini, para guru di Sekolah Indonesia di Jeddah berhasil mengembangkan media pembelajaran inovatif untuk Kurikulum Merdeka menggunakan alat digital seperti Canva dan Assembler Edu. Selain itu, penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi digital secara signifikan memotivasi siswa dan meningkatkan pengalaman belajar mereka. How to Cite: Syamsi, A., Ramdaeni, S., & Binasdevi Misbah. (2024). Innovative Teaching Strategies for Kurikulum Merdeka to Improve Education for Indonesian Migrant Children in Jeddah. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 11(1), 37-46. doi:10.15408/tjems.v11i1.37904

The research that has been carried out aims to determine the influence of parents' work on students' mastery of concepts after being given the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. The research method used was quantitative descriptive with the research population being all students of class XII MIPA at SMA 13 Bungo with a sample of 33 people selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using an essay test, where the average student test score was 72.61 with the lowest score being 44 and the highest being 92 indicating a normal distribution. The t test was carried out on students' daily test scores, with tcount of -1.357 and ttable of 1.693 at a significance level of 0.05. tcount < ttable (-1.357 < 1.693), so the test hypothesis Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. The research results show that there is no significant influence of the PjBL model on student learning outcomes in parental work, especially in Dynamic Electricity material.

Abstract Drought stress can have negative impacts on crop productivity. It triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which causes oxidative stress. Limited water and nutrient uptake under drought stress also decreases plant growth. Using cobalt and fulvic acid with biochar in such scenarios can effectively promote plant growth. Cobalt (Co) is a component of various enzymes and co-enzymes. It can increase the concentration of flavonoids, total phenols, antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase) and proline. Fulvic acid (FA), a constituent of soil organic matter, increases the accessibility of nutrients to plants. Biochar (BC) can enhance soil moisture retention, nutrient uptake, and plant productivity during drought stress. That’s why the current study explored the influence of Co, FA and BC on chili plants under drought stress. This study involved 8 treatments, i.e., control, 4 g/L fulvic acid (4FA), 20 mg/L cobalt sulfate (20CoSO4), 4FA + 20CoSO4, 0.50%MFWBC (0.50 MFWBC), 4FA + 0.50MFWBC, 20CoSO4 + 0.50MFWBC, 4FA + 20CoSO4 + 0.50MFWBC. Results showed that 4 g/L FA + 20CoSO4 with 0.50MFWBC caused an increase in chili plant height (23.29%), plant dry weight (28.85%), fruit length (20.17%), fruit girth (21.41%) and fruit yield (25.13%) compared to control. The effectiveness of 4 g/L FA + 20CoSO4 with 0.50MFWBC was also confirmed by a significant increase in total chlorophyll contents, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves over control. In conclusion4g/L, FA + 20CoSO4 with 0.50MFWBC can potentially improve the growth of chili cultivated in drought stress. It is suggested that 4 g/L FA + 20CoSO4 with 0.50MFWBC be used to alleviate drought stress in chili plants.

Abstract Background Patients suffering from chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are typically classified as type I or type IIb autoimmune CSU, but further patient stratification is hindered by the lack of biomarkers. Objectives We investigated whether the histamine content of individual basophils differ between patient subtypes in CSU to evaluate its potential as a biomarker. Methods A total of 101 patients diagnosed with CSU were included in the study. The histamine content per circulating basophil was derived from the basophil count in peripheral blood and levels of total cellular blood histamine. These measures, together with results from the serum‐induced basophil histamine release assay (s‐BHRA), were correlated to information on demographics, clinical characteristics, patient reported outcomes and laboratory analyses. Results The histamine content per basophil was significantly different between s‐BHRA positive and ‐negative patients (0.175 vs. 1.40 pg/cell, p

Introduction Patients with diabetes require healthcare and information that are accurate and extensive. Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT herald the capacity to provide such exhaustive data. To determine (a) the comprehensiveness of ChatGPT's responses in Urdu to diabetes-related questions and (b) the accuracy of ChatGPT's Urdu responses when compared to its English responses. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Two reviewers experienced in internal medicine and endocrinology graded 53 Urdu and English responses on diabetes knowledge, lifestyle, and prevention. A senior reviewer resolved discrepancies. Responses were assessed for comprehension and accuracy, then compared to English. Results Among the Urdu responses generated, only two of 53 (3.8%) questions were graded as comprehensive, and five of 53 (9.4%) were graded as correct but inadequate. We found that 25 of 53 (47.2%) questions were graded as mixed with correct and incorrect/outdated data, the most significant proportion of responses being graded as such. When considering the comparison of response scale grading the comparative accuracy of Urdu and English responses, no Urdu response (0.0%) was considered to have more accuracy than English. Most of the Urdu responses were found to have an accuracy less than that of English, an overwhelming majority of 49 of 53 (92.5%) responses. Conclusion We found that although the ability to retrieve such information about diabetes is impressive, it can merely be used as an adjunct instead of a solitary source of information. Further work must be done to optimize Urdu responses in medical contexts to approximate the boundless potential it heralds.

Ethiopia's sub-humid highlands face a critical challenge in balancing agricultural productivity with land degradation. This study explores the effectiveness of soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) in addressing this challenge. We investigated the interaction effects of types of SWCPs, landscape positions, and location on Teff (Eragrostis teff) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield. In addition, we assessed the economic viability of SWCPs using cost-benefit analysis with farmer-funded and cost-sharing scenarios. The results indicated that yield was significantly affected by the interactions between factors like SWCP type and landscape position. Soil bunds consistently increased crop yield across diverse locations and landscapes, indicating superior erosion control benefits. Lower landscape positions on foot slopes benefited most from SWCP implementation. Teff yield increased by 188 % and wheat yield by 181 % under soil bunds. The cost-benefit analysis confirmed the financial viability of SWCPs, particularly for Teff (NPV = 4499.35 USD, IRR = 50 %, and BCR = 1.51) and wheat (NPV = 544.35 USD, IRR = 16 %, and BCR = 1.06) grown on lower landscapes with farmer-funded investment scenarios. Positive return on investment was observed in both scenarios, with cost-sharing offering greater economic benefits for farmers. These findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to SWC implementation for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by enhancing food security, improving farmer incomes, and promoting sustainable and productive landscape management practices. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability of SWCPs, their adaptation across diverse agroecological zones and landscapes, the incorporation of various crops, the broader socioeconomic impacts, and the development of effective extension programs for wider adoption by farmers.

Recently, a significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions has grabbed the attention of global community. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the impact of inward foreign direct investment, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in case of Italy. We took Italy as our sample country as it has committed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. We took annual time series data for the dependent variable (CO2) and explanatory variables (GDP, FDI, Natural Resources) for the period ranging from 1990 to 2021. To examine the long run relationship between the variables we used autoregressive distributed lags bounds test of cointegration. The empirical findings revealed the existence of long-run relationships among the variables of the model. Furthermore, we also found that natural resources unidirectionally caused CO2 and GDP.

Herein, magnesium sulphide (MgS) electrode material (EM) is deposited on nickel-foam (NF) placed at 16 and 17 cm away from the raw material by simple powder vapour transport method. The increasing source to substrate distance (SSD) not only changed the structural parameters but also changed the nanofibers to cauliflowers like surface morphology. The cauliflowers like MgS/NF EM exhibited high specific capacitance (6339 F/g) as compared to the specific capacitance (1677 F/g) of nanofibers like MgS/NF EM. The cauliflowers like EM is showed high energy density of 220–99 Wh/kg, power density of 250–2500 W/kg, equivalent series resistance of 0.95 O and capacitance-stability of 93 % even for 10,000 cycles. The increasing SSD is fruitful for the increment in diffusion rate as confirmed by shifting of electrochemical impedance spectrum to y-axis, Dunn’s model and power law simulations. The diffusive contribution is 88/82 % at 5 mV/s which become 63/50 % at 100 mV/s for the cauliflower/nanofibers like EM. Moreover, the cauliflowers like EM have both battery and capacitive nature as 0.5

Abstract According to an estimate, 30% to 40%, of global fruit are wasted, leading to post harvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 to $100 billion worldwide. Among, all fruits the discarded portion of oranges is around 20%. A novel and value addition approach to utilize the orange peels is in nanoscience. In the present study, a synthesis approach was conducted to prepare the metallic nanoparticles (copper and silver); by utilizing food waste (Citrus plant peels) as bioactive reductants. In addition, the Citrus sinensis extracts showed the reducing activity against metallic salts copper chloride and silver nitrate to form Cu-NPs (copper nanoparticles) and Ag-NPs (Silver nanoparticles). The in vitro potential of both types of prepared nanoparticles was examined against plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and pathogens effect on human health Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Moreover, the in vivo antagonistic potential of both types of prepared nanoparticles was examined by their interaction with against plant (potato slices). Furthermore, additional antipathogenic (antiviral and antifungal) properties were also examined. The statistical analysis was done to explain the level of significance and antipathogenic effectiveness among synthesized Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs. The surface morphology, elemental description and size of particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and zeta sizer (in addition polydispersity index and zeta potential). The justification for the preparation of particles was done by UV–Vis Spectroscopy (excitation peaks at 339 nm for copper and 415 nm for silver) and crystalline nature was observed by X-ray diffraction. Hence, the prepared particles are quite effective against soft rot pathogens in plants and can also be used effectively in some other multifunctional applications such as bioactive sport wear, surgical gowns, bioactive bandages and wrist or knee compression bandages, etc.

Abstract Background Advance care planning (ACP) describes the process of supporting individuals at any age or stage of health to consider and share their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future health care. Engaging in ACP is associated with better-quality of care in which people receive care in lines with their wishes, values and preferences. Direct translations of ACP guides and resources do not attend to the considerable inter- and intra-ethnic variations in cultural and religious or spiritual beliefs that shape preferences among people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. ICanCarePlan is a three-year project that aims to determine the prevalence of ACP documentation among people from CALD backgrounds with cancer, identify resources available and their use to support ACP among CALD communities, identify barriers and facilitators of person-centred ACP, and to develop, through co-design with consumers and clinicians, approaches that enhance the process ACP for people from CALD backgrounds. Method A mixed-method sequential approach will be used comprising of four studies. Study one is retrospective medical record review of approximately 1500 medical records to establish the prevalence of ACP documentation among CALD patient records in cancer services. Study two is a document analysis synthesising the resources available in the Australian health system to support ACP. Study three is a qualitative study with healthcare staff and consumers to explore barriers and enablers of person-centred ACP. Evidence generated from studies one to three will inform the conduct of co-design with stakeholders to develop approaches to improve ACP processes among CALD communities. Language, technical and financial support for meaningful involvement with consumers from CALD backgrounds throughout this project is outlined. A plan for distress management is also made due to sensitive nature of the topic. The research project has also established a project steering group consisting of three consumer members who are from CALD backgrounds. Discussion The project will address a national priority issue for a growing population of CALD communities in Australia. The project will provide novel evidence of ACP among CALD communities and novel strategies developed with stakeholders to enhance uptake and experiences of ACP.

Abstract Chilli peppers are widely consumed for their pungency, as used in flavoring the food and has many pharmaceutical and medicinal properties. Based on these properties an experiment was held using 83 varieties of chilli (Hot pepper and sweet pepper) were grown in suitable environment using Augment Block design and evaluated for fruit pungency and phytochemical contents using high proficiency liquid chromatography. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of traits showed highly significant for all traits except for fruit length and capsaicin contents. The value of Least significant increase (LSI)was ranged 0.27-1289.9 for all traits showed high variation among varieties. Highly significant correlation was found among fruit diameter to fruit weight 0.98, while moderate to high correlation was present among all traits. The most pungent genotype 24,634 was 4.8 g in weight, while the least pungent genotypes i.e. PPE-311 (32.8 g), green wonder (40.67) had higher in weight. The genotypes 24,627, 32,344, 32,368 and 1108 marked as higher number of seeds in their placental region. It was observed that chilli genotype 24,621 had maximum length with considerable high amount of pungency act as novel cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the high variability of 46.97 for two PCs with the eigen value 2.6 and 1.63 was recorded. Biplot analysis showed a considerable variability for fruit pungency, while huge variability was found for all traits among given varieties. PPE-311, T5 and T3 are found as highly divergent for all traits. The findings of this study are instrumental for selecting parents to improve desirable traits in future chilli pepper breeding programs. It will help plant/vegetable breeders for development of highly nutrient and pungent varieties and attractive for the consumer of food sector.

Abstract Salinity stress is a significant challenge in agricultural production. When soil contains high salts, it can adversely affect plant growth and productivity due to the high concentration of soluble salts in the soil water. To overcome this issue, foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and gibberellic acid (GA3) can be productive amendments. Both can potentially improve the plant’s growth attributes and flowering, which are imperative in improving growth and yield. However, limited literature is available on their combined use in canola to mitigate salinity stress. That’s why the current study investigates the impact of different levels of MJ (at concentrations of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM MJ) and GA3 (0GA3 and 5 mg/L GA3) on canola cultivated in salt-affected soils. Applying all the treatments in four replicates. Results indicate that the application of 0.8 mM MJ with 5 mg/L GA3 significantly enhances shoot length (23.29%), shoot dry weight (24.77%), number of leaves per plant (24.93%), number of flowering branches (26.11%), chlorophyll a (31.44%), chlorophyll b (20.28%) and total chlorophyll (27.66%) and shoot total soluble carbohydrates (22.53%) over control. Treatment with 0.8 mM MJ and 5 mg/L GA3 resulted in a decrease in shoot proline (48.17%), MDA (81.41%), SOD (50.59%), POD (14.81%) while increase in N (10.38%), P (15.22%), and K (8.05%) compared to control in canola under salinity stress. In conclusion, 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 can improve canola growth under salinity stress. More investigations are recommended at the field level to declare 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops.

Abstract Background Rectal cancer treatment has transformed in recent years, with neoadjuvant treatment (NT) and total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) aiming to enhance pathological responses. This pioneering study in our country delves into rectal cancer management, offering crucial insights by examining pathological outcomes in patients treated with the NT and TNT approach, shaping the evolving landscape. Methods In this retrospective-cohort study spanning January 2017 to December 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, ethical approval was obtained to examine outcomes of two treatments. Patients were divided into TNT (chemoradiation and pre-surgery 5 FU-based chemotherapy) and NT (chemoradiation, surgery, and subsequent 5 FU-based chemotherapy). The primary end-point was response rates—no response, pathological complete response (pCR), near complete response (near CR), and partial response (PR). The Chi-Square Test for Independence assessed the association between treatment response and type (TNT or NT). Data analysis used STATA MP 64; significance was set at p 65 with ECOG 0–1. The TNT group showed higher response rates (76% vs 62%, p = 0.039), with 40.38% achieving pCR. In the overall population, pCR and near-CR were similar (27.2% vs 26%), while PR were 14%. Treatment characteristics correlated significantly with chemotherapy type, concurrent chemoradiation, LVI, PNI, and T, N, M staging (p

Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern. Characterization of most simarteriviruses beyond sequence analysis has not been possible because the viruses fail to propagate in the laboratory. We attempted to isolate 4 simarteriviruses, Kibale red colobus virus 1, Pebjah virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus, and Southwest baboon virus 1, by inoculating an immortalized grivet cell line (known to replicate simian hemorrhagic fever virus), primary macaque cells, macrophages derived from macaque induced pluripotent stem cells, and mice engrafted with macaque CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem cells. The combined effort resulted in successful virus isolation; however, no single approach was successful for all 4 simarteriviruses. We describe several approaches that might be used to isolate additional simarteriviruses for phenotypic characterization. Our results will expedite laboratory studies of simarteriviruses to elucidate virus-host interactions, assess zoonotic risk, and develop medical countermeasures.

Background: Nearly half of the patients with diabetes experience diabetic gastroparesis. Some diabetic patients present with complaints of epigastric pain, vomiting, nausea, or postprandial fullness, however only a few have severe symptoms. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyspepsia among T2DM patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Ziauddin Hospital Kemari Branch, Karachi, Pakistan after acquiring ethical approval from the hospital ethics committee. Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) was used to identify the presence of dyspepsia. Based on the sum of the frequency of symptoms, a cut-off value of 4 and above was used for the presence of dyspepsia. Results: A total of 368 patients were included in the study with a median age of 68.6 ± 14.2 years. The majority were females (62.8%). The mean duration of diabetes was 15 ± 10.4 years. The frequency of indigestion, heartburn, regurgitation, and nausea was 35.3%, 30.7%, 31.5%, and 11.4% respectively. Out of 368, 168 (45.7%) patients were found to have dyspepsia. The risk of dyspepsia was significantly lower among younger age, male gender, and patients having controlled glycemic status, patients doing physical activity twice a week, taking all three meals on time, and always having their breakfast early. The odds of having dyspepsia were higher among those who are currently and formerly addicted to alcohol, current and former smokers, having comorbidity, consuming

This research paper is supplemented with a unique formation to design state-of-the-art S-boxes. The invented approach is simple but has the capability of creating confusion in our newly proposed algorithm. Our core planned work refined the method of already designed S-boxes to accomplish more compact ones. Various structures were merged here, namely affine transformation, fractional linear transformation, structure of Klein four-group, and the algebraic structures of the Galois fields, $ GF\left({2}^{4}\right) $ and $ GF\left({2}^{8}\right). $ These structures were utilized to synthesize newly $ 1600 $ robust S-boxes. Besides, we discussed encryption steps of AES with these newly generated S-boxes. We highlighted some specific characteristics, performance of parameter's improvement, and their utilization. Nonlinear properties were mainly set to inspect the behavior of I/O bits and could apply image encryption. Then, the performance of proposed S-boxes and newly structured AES was tested in comparison with other prevailing S-boxes.

Abstract Salinity stress can significantly delay plant growth. It can disrupt water and nutrient uptake, reducing crop yields and poor plant health. The use of strigolactone can be an effective technique to overcome this issue. Strigolactone enhances plant growth by promoting root development and improvement in physiological attributes. The current pot study used strigolactone to amend chili under no salinity and salinity stress environments. There were four treatments, i.e., 0, 10µM strigolactone, 20µM strigolactone and 30µM strigolactone. All treatments were applied in four replications following a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 20µM strigolactone caused a significant increase in chili plant height (21.07%), dry weight (33.60%), fruit length (19.24%), fruit girth (35.37%), and fruit yield (60.74%) compared to control under salinity stress. Significant enhancement in chili chlorophyll a (18.65%), chlorophyll b (43.52%), and total chlorophyll (25.09%) under salinity stress validated the effectiveness of 20µM strigolactone application as treatment over control. Furthermore, improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in leaves confirmed the efficient functioning of 20µM strigolactone compared to other concentrations under salinity stress. The study concluded that 20µM strigolactone is recommended for mitigating salinity stress in chili plants. Growers are advised to apply 20µM strigolactone to enhance their chili production under salinity stress.

Abstract The reduction in crop productivity due to drought stress, is a major concern in agriculture. Drought stress usually disrupts photosynthesis by triggering oxidative stress and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of zinc-quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and proline (Pro) can be effective techniques to overcome this issue. Biochar has the potential to improve the water use efficiency while proline can play an imperative role in minimization of adverse impacts of ROS Proline, functioning as an osmotic protector, efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of heavy metals on plants by maintaining cellular structure, scavenging free radicals, and ensuring the stability of cellular integrity. That’s why current study explored the impact of ZQDB and proline on chili growth under drought stress. Four treatments, i.e., control, 0.4%ZQDB, 0.1 mM Pro, and 0.4%ZQDB + Pro, were applied in 4 replications following the complete randomized design. Results exhibited that 0.4%ZQDB + Pro caused an increases in chili plant dry weight (29.28%), plant height (28.12%), fruit length (29.20%), fruit girth (59.81%), and fruit yield (55.78%) over control under drought stress. A significant increment in chlorophyll a (18.97%), chlorophyll b (49.02%), and total chlorophyll (26.67%), compared to control under drought stress, confirmed the effectiveness of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro. Furthermore, improvement in leaves N, P, and K concentration over control validated the efficacy of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro against drought stress. In conclusion, 0.4%ZQDB + Pro can mitigate drought stress in chili. More investigations are suggested to declare 0.4%ZQDB + Pro as promising amendment for mitigation of drought stress in other crops as well under changing climatic situations.

In this work, stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (MAgNp) were prepared via a green synthesis method using flowers of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). This flower is abundant in phytochemicals such as saponins that can be utilized as reductants to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using a variety of physico-chemical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV–VIS spectrometer. EDX study confirmed the crystalline and face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgNP. The majority of particles are present with a higher percentage intensity at an average size of 58.77 nm as revealed in the TEM image, PDI was found to be 0.055. MAgNPs demonstrated perfect activity in the catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (88 %) and para-nitrophenol (98 %), both anthropogenic pollutants. These nanoparticles were further used as plasmonic sensors to detect heavy metals like Fe(II) and Hg(II) in an aqueous solution. The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.2 mM for Hg(II) and 10 μM for Fe(II) with good linearity. The electrochemical properties of MAgNPs were studied using a carbon supercapacitor electrode coated with MAgNPs. Results from cyclic voltammetry were also determined, and they showed a high specific capacitance of 41 F/gm at 5 mV/s scan rate.

Soil erosion poses a significant challenge in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands, yet research on the long-term effectiveness of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices in this region using pre- and post-conservation approaches remains limited. This study addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the impact of SWC practices on water balance and soil erosion in the Debre Mawi watershed. The study covers two-period analyses: pre-conservation (2010–2014) and post-conservation (2015–2022) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate hydrological water balance. Hydrological changes were assessed with the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) software. Spatial and weekly sediment distribution were also computed. Results showed the SWAT effectively simulated stream flow, though sediment yield estimation was less accurate. The data demonstrated a reduction in surface runoff by 18% and a decrease in sediment yield by 75%. Conversely, evapotranspiration and groundwater storage experienced increases of 13% and 34%, respectively. The decrease in runoff and sediment can be attributed to the implementation of SWC structures with infiltration furrows, which are presently filled with sediment. Moreover, the expansion of eucalyptus tree acreage may deplete soil water during dry periods, thereby prolonging the time needed for the soil to become saturated and produce runoff, but the impact has yet to be quantified. The IHA analysis confirmed a decrease in mean annual flow from 0.06 m3/s to 0.02 m3/s, and sediment concentration decreased from 831.2 mg/l to 285 mg/l between the pre-and post-conservation periods. The study detected that soil erosion is higher than the allowable limits recommended for Ethiopia even after implementing SWCPs. Additionally, sediment transport reduced after the first three weeks due to improved ground cover and soil stability, although significant amounts were recorded until the end of the rainy season, primarily from gullies. The study found significant hydrological alterations in flow and sediment dynamics following the implementation of SWC practices, particularly pronounced in the early years post-conservation (2015–2018). However, the effectiveness of SWC practices diminished over time, with conditions beginning to revert to pre-conservation levels after 10 years. This suggests that these techniques (infiltration furrows) may be unsuitable for sub-humid watersheds, or that they require improved design and major maintenance beyond the third year. This study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of SWC interventions, underscoring the importance of integrating agronomic practices with SWC efforts to sustain long-term soil and water conservation in Ethiopia's sub-humid highlands. Future research should explore the hydrological effects of eucalyptus expansion and refine SWC practices suited to these unique conditions.

Hydrometallurgical processes utilize aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores, concentrates, or waste, resulting in a substantial consumption of freshwater and wastewater generation. This study investigates the treatment of wastewater produced during the hydrometallurgical silver extraction from in-mold structural electronics (IMSEs), aiming at minimizing discharge and ensuring water reuse. IMSE is an emerging technology that offers a lighter, cost-effective alternative to traditional PCBs. The generated wastewater contains high levels of COD (14.48 g/L) and iron (8.69 g/L). It was treated using a Fenton process by adopting a 22-full factorial design with center points to identify the best operative conditions. Following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and model determination for COD abatement, Fisher's test was conducted to evaluate whether incorporating curvature into the model would enhance its fit to the experimental data. To further refine the process optimization, star points were added, resulting in a central composite design (CCD). The treatment resulted in a 93.6 % reduction in COD and a 99.9 % reduction in iron, with lime addition aiding in iron precipitation for water reuse. A quadratic model for COD removal indicated a high fit (R2 = 0.96), demonstrating the process's efficiency in reducing pollutants and promoting water reuse. Preliminary cost analysis revealed a total expenditure of 81.60 €/m³, significantly lower than the typical disposal costs of hydrometallurgical wastewater.

This article provides an extensive bibliometric literature review on dynamic fluid in learning. This study aims to analyze research trends related to dynamic fluid in learning topics in 2019-2023 through bibliometric analysis with the Scopus database. Based on the criteria obtained, 327 articles were obtained from 1598 documents. The articles have already been analyzed from the journal and conference proceedings indexed in Scopus. Dynamic fluid research trends in learning are also reviewed based on the number of articles published each year, sources of publication (both journals and proceedings), the most productive countries, the most productive authors based on the number of documents, and co-occurrences using VOSviewer. The results show that the dynamics of learning are increasing every year. JPCS has published the most dynamic fluid articles in learning. The United States, as the most productive country, researches this topic. In addition, most of the prolific authors come from the US. A visualization of dynamic fluid research trends in learning using VOSviewer software obtained five clusters. The results of this study provide direction for further research on fluid dynamics in learning.

Objective: To analyse the frequency and management outcome of Neutropenia in women with breast cancer receiving Anthracycline chemotherapy. Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Nov 2021. Methodology: This study was conducted on 200 patients who have breast cancer who were put on an Anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen. They underwent three or four cycles of chemotherapy as per the treatment plan. A complete blood picture was carried out on all patients after the cycle, and Neutropenia was graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria. Grade III and IV neutropenia patients were administered Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and the response was observed. Results: A total of 200 patients with breast cancer receiving Anthracycline-based chemotherapy were included. The mean age of the patients was 54.775±9.649 years. Seven hundred sixty-two cycles were recorded on these patients during the study period. Of these 762 cycles, 245(32.1%) episodes of Neutropenia were recorded. 60(24.4%) had either Grade III or IV neutropenia. Out of those having Grade III or IV neutropenia, 50(83.3%) had improvement after administration of G-CSF, while 10(16.7%) did not show any improvement. The advancing age of patients had a statistically significant relationship (p-value-0.001) with poor response to G-CSF treatment in our study participants. Conclusion: Considerable number of post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer taking Anthracycline-based chemotherapy showed the presence of Neutropenia. G-CSF emerged as an effective treatment for high-grade Neutropenia in these patients.

This research reported the utilization of novel adsorbent from the de-oiled waste material of orange seeds for preparing simple charcoal (SC) and iron oxide/activated charcoal (Fe2O3/AC) nanocomposites. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the optimized conditions of the experiment. The results obtained indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted the adsorption data (R2 > 0.99) and that the Freundlich isotherm model best explained the adsorption of dye on Fe2O3/AC. The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in the temperature range of 293–333°K, as explained by calculated thermodynamic parameters, e.g., ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results publicized that carboxyl and amine functional groups are present on the surface of adsorbents, which are responsible for the attachment of dye. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that Fe2O3/AC has a porous surface and textual structure, which can efficiently adsorb dye molecules. A zetasizer was utilized for determining the size of the composites, and the thermal stability was determined by performing a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings of the comparative experiment indicated that Fe2O3/AC are more promising than raw activated carbon for the adsorption of Congo red (CR). The impregnation of iron oxide nanocomposites on an adsorbent resulted in an increased surface area-to-volume ratio, magnetic properties, and excellent reusable capacity. Overall, it can be reported as an innovative procedure promoting the recycling of waste products, which aids in protecting environmental and human health and in the development of the economy.

Background: The primary features of Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) are characterized by retinal degeneration, central obesity, post-axial polydactyly, intellectual impairment, hypogonadism, and renal anomalies. The secondary clinical features are syndactyly, delay in the achievement of developmental milestones, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease and liver involvement. It is diagnosed when a patient has either four primary or three primary and two secondary clinical features and the management depends upon those predominant features. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. His developmental milestones were delayed and had syndromic features on physical exmination. Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis showed mild right-side hydronephrosis. His BMI was 28 and HbA1c was 18.3%, and values of LH and FSH were decreased. As a result, he was diagnosed with a case of BBS. He was commenced on insulin therapy with Insulin Regular (Human Insulin)and Insulin NPH (Human Insulin). Conclusion: Patients presenting with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia along with the presence of syndromic features, should be assessed for BBS as osmotic symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus can be initial clinical presentation of BBS. Its management depends upon the signs and symptoms of the patient. Various options including weight loss, exercise, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and insulin are available to treat diabetes mellitus in BBS. Some cases can have very high levels of HbA1c on initial presentation, which may require insulin without trying oral hypoglycemic drugs to treat diabetes mellitus in BBS.

In recent years, numerous countries have embarked on a transformative journey to reshape their energy portfolios by transitioning from fossil-based resources to renewable sources, significantly impacting economic growth. This study aims to scrutinize the influence of renewable energy consumption (REC) on GDP growth responsiveness in the top 20 renewable energy-consuming countries over the period from 1990 to 2021. To ensure robust panel analysis, the study addresses cross-sectional dependence using the diagnostic test proposed by Pesaran (2004). The long-run perspective reveals that both conventional factors of production, encompassing both renewable and non-renewable energy (Fossil Fuel Energy - FEF) consumption, make positive contributions to GDP growth in the sampled countries. Single-country time series analyses further underscore the positive long-run output elasticities concerning renewable energy in the majority of these nations. These findings highlight the pivotal role of renewable energy as a key determinant of sustained GDP growth, indicating that these countries are on a trajectory of sustainable development. The study's implications extend to policy considerations, urging collaborative efforts among governments, international organizations, and energy planners. There is a pressing need for the implementation of strategic renewable energy initiatives across nations. Governments are encouraged to adopt incentive-based policies to optimize the harnessing of renewable energy resources, fostering not only economic growth but also contributing to the global pursuit of sustainable and environmentally conscious practices.

In this work (Ag2O/BiVO4) binary and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) ternary heterojunction photo-catalysts have been synthesized through a hydrothermal technique for the purpose of photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes. The facile synthesized composites of (Ag2O/BiVO4) and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3)have been prepared using a hydrothermal process. The synthesized composites used to degrade the Methylene blue and Congo-red dyes under sunlight. The X-ray diffraction confirms the crystalline structure of synthesized composites. The calculated crystalline sizes for (Ag2O/BiVO4) and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) are 9.9 nm and 2.84 nm respectively. The morphology of samples has been analyzed by SEM while the absorption spectrum and bonding of molecules were observed using FTIR in the range of 600–4000 cm−1. The elemental percentage of synthesized material is determined by using EDX spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy used to study optical properties. Using Tauc plot calculated band gap of (Ag2O/BiVO4)is 1.84 eV and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) is 1.65 eV. The degradation efficiency of composites(Ag2O/BiVO4) (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) towards a dye MB is 38% and 41% respectively, while these composites were found to degrade the dye CR 82% and 99%respectively in the exposure of sunlight. Both synthesized composites showed excellent %age degradation toward acidic dye (CR). The outcomes of synthesized composites indicates that suitable optical absorption, better segregation of charge carries and reduction of electron-hole recombination these factor effectively contribute to enhance photocatalytic activity towards acidic dye CR.

Objective: The current study aims to predict the metrological factor of temperature in the region of Karachi Methodology: using the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Daily maximum and minimum temperature data from the region from 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2022 using as training data for the model. These datasets are clean and modify to obtain monthly averages of the maximum and minimum temperature data for the region. These datasets using for the model development. The two datasets pass through time series analysis separately and best fitted models are developing for both. Finding: The study shows the presence of seasonality in the temperature data alongside the presence of a growing mean in the minimum and maximum temperature dataset, signifying global warming over the past decade. Implications: These results will help in future studies regarding the variations in temperature in Karachi and in developing strategies to accommodate for such variations in the region

Objective: To assess the frequency of molecular markers along with serological markers of Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus among multi-transfused beta-thalassemia patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Apr to Jul 2020. Methodology: A total of 105 beta-thalassemia patients were included in this study. Demographic information and frequency of transfusion was noted. Serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay while molecular markers were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among 105 beta-thalassemia patients, 61(58.1%) were males and 44(41.9%) were females. The age range was from 2-34 years with a mean age of 11.8±6.4 years. Seropositivity and Nucleic Acid Testing reactivity was observed in 29(27.6%) and 16(15.2%) patients respectively. The frequency of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) was highest among infected patients while none of the patient was found to be reactive for anti-HIV and HIV-RNA. Viremia was detected in 12(11.4%) out of 29 seropositive patients and in 4(3.8%) out of 76 seronegative patients. Conclusion: Hepatitis C Virus was the most prevalent in beta-thalassemia patients followed by Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The serology should be augmented with NAT to detect viremia in seronegative cases as well as seropositive cases. The NAT will also help in early identification and treatment of infected patients and improve quality of life of these patients.

Abstract Nitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3− (>1 mM), low‐affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3− availability (

Entrepreneurial networks play an important role in identifying and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities and the growth of entrepreneurial ambidexterity. This exploratory research aimed to explore the role of entrepreneurial networks on entrepreneurial ambidexterity with the mediating effect of novelty ecosystem and the moderating role of entrepreneurial intensity. The data is collected from 347 SME owners and managers of manufacturing and service industries in Jiangsu province, China. The hypotheses are analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM method. The results indicate that entrepreneurial networks are significantly associated with entrepreneurial ambidexterity. Moreover, findings show that the novelty ecosystem positively influences the association between entrepreneurial networks and entrepreneurial ambidexterity. Furthermore, results show that entrepreneurial intensity significantly moderated the relationship between novelty ecosystem and entrepreneurial ambidexterity. Lastly, the discussion and implications are elaborated in this study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of long working hours on pregnancy complications and obstetric outcomes among female doctors working in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 149 female MBBS graduates (mean age: 33.5 ± 7.3 years) who had conceived at least once, currently working in two tertiary-care hospitals of Karachi. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding demography and course of 1st pregnancy of the participants including working hours, antenatal and natal complications. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables with frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. The association between long working hours and different antenatal and natal complications was investigated using Chi-square test and T-test. Results: Out of 149 participants included in final analysis, 85.9 % doctors gave birth to alive babies while 12.8 % had miscarriages and 1.3 % had stillbirth. Mean working hours during the three trimesters were found to be 53.76, 53.66 and 48.7, respectively. 43 % doctors experienced at least one antenatal complication during their pregnancy. Women who worked more than or equal to 55 h per week during 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of their pregnancy experienced more antenatal complications than women who worked less than 55 h (p-value=0.042, 0.021 and 0.018 respectively). 61.7 % females experienced at least one natal complication, most common of which was induction of Labour (39.1 %). Natal complications were significantly associated with increased workload during 2nd trimester (mean 58 vs 46 h, p-value 0.040). Doctors belonging to surgical specialty had 2.7 times higher risk of developing at least one natal complication than doctors of medical specialty (95 % Cl: 1.235–5.870). Conclusion: Long working hours during pregnancy are associated with antenatal complications among female doctors. Natal complications were only significantly related to long working hours during 2nd trimester of pregnancy, however, female surgeons are more prone to develop natal complications than doctors belonging to medical specialties.