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The removal of copper from acid mine drainage waste by ion exchange resins, such as Indion 820 and Indion 850, is investigated. Effect of initial metal ion concentration, resin dose and pH on exchange capacities of ion exchange resins was studied in a batch method. The adsorption process, which is pH dependent, shows maximum removal of copper in the pH range 2-6 for an initial copper concentration of 50-250 mg L-1 and with resin dose 25-700 mg L-1. The experimental data have been analyzed by using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm models. The isotherm constants for all these isotherm models have been calculated. The uptake of copper by the ion exchange resins was reversible and thus has good potential for the removal/recovery of copper from acid mine drainage wastewater. Ion exchange resins, such as Indion 820 and Indion 850 can be used for the efficient removal of copper from mine wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS 2 are Earth-abundant catalysts that are attractive for many chemical processes, including the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). While many studies have correlated synthetic preparation and architectures with macroscopic electrocatalytic performance, not much is known about the state of MoS 2 under functional conditions, particularly its interactions with target molecules like CO 2 . Here, we combine operando Mo K- and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with first-principles simulations to track changes in the electronic structure of MoS 2 nanosheets during CO2RR. Comparison of the simulated and measured XAS discerned the existence of Mo-CO 2 binding in the active state. This state perturbs hybridized Mo 4d-S 3p states and is critically mediated by sulfur vacancies induced electrochemically. The study sheds new light on the underpinnings of the excellent performance of MoS 2 in CO2RR. The electronic signatures we reveal could be a screening criterion toward further gains in activity and selectivity of TMDCs in general.

Aim: To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a bacterial plaque model., Materials and Methods: A total of 32 extracted primary molars were divided into two groups ( n = 16), group I (FAgamin), and group II (SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification., Results: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F 2 ) in carious enamel lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for FAgamin and 13.61 and 31.87 for SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of Ag and F 2 were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for FAgamin and 10.16 and 47.82 for SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both the groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean value of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 and 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively ( p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both FAgamin and SDF ( p < 0.001)., Conclusion: FAgamin and SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The bacterial plaque model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth., Clinical Significance: A comparative evaluation of these two cariostatic and remineralizing agents will aid in identifying the efficacy of both commercial products in treating initial caries lesions in an effective noninvasive and child-friendly manner., How to Cite This Article: Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, et al. Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):643-651., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Aim: To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a plaque bacterial model., Materials and Methods: Thirty-two extracted primary molars were divided into two groups ( n = 16) as group I (Advantage Arrest) and group II (e-SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification., Results: EDX revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F) in enamel carious lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for Advantage Arrest and 13.61 and 31.87 for e-SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of Ag and F were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for Advantage Arrest and 10.16 and 47.82 for e-SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean values of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm, while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 to 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively ( p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both Advantage Arrest and e-SDF ( p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Advantage arrest and e-SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The plaque bacterial model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth., How to Cite This Article: Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):442-449., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Hydrogen sulfide and cysteine are momentous endogenous regulators of many physiological processes and maintain a dynamic balance of redox in living organisms. To investigate the inter-relationship of them in vivo, there is a pressing need to develop analytical molecular tools to identify related biomolecules. We construct a mitochondria-targeted single fluorescence probe (Mit-CM) for separately and continuously visualizing H 2 S, Cys and H 2 S/Cys with multi-response fluorescence signals. Mit-CM has the following advantages: (Ⅰ) colorimetric and ratiometric: two well-separated emission bands can ensure accurate detection of the analyte and significant color changes contribute to rapid identification of the analyte by the naked eye; (Ⅱ) mitochondrial localization: study the physiological functions of H 2 S and Cys in mitochondria; (Ⅲ) separate and continuous detection of H 2 S and Cys: reveal the inter-relationship and interconversion of them in biological system. Moreover, the desirable attributes of low cytotoxicity, better biocompatibility and excellent mitochondria enrichment ability indicate that Mit-CM can be employed to achieve detection and observe distribution of H 2 S, Cys and H 2 S/Cys in living organism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Design and synthesis of water-soluble near-infrared (NIR) emissive fluorescent molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, perfect signal-to-noise ratio for imaging of organelle, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) functions has received enormous attention. However, the dual-functional NIR AIEgens of high-fidelity tracking lysosome and ablation cancer cells was rarely reported. Herein, a series of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with a typical AIE effect, good biocompatibility, superior photostability, high brightness, and excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability were developed, which had different electronic push-pull strength and conjugate system size in the molecular structure. These AIEgens could specifically "light up" and dynamically long-term track the lysosomes in living cells and zebrafish with ultrahigh colocalization imaging Pearson's correlation coefficients (Rr: 0.9687) and overlap coefficient ( R : 0.9967). Additionally, the MPAT of NIR luminescence as a photosensitizer was used for photodynamic ablation of cancer cells, owing to prompt generation of the ROS under green light irradiation (495-530 nm, 10 mW cm -2 ). Hence, this research not only expands the application range of NIR AIEgens but also provides useful insights into design of split-new method for the treatment of cancer.

Real-time monitoring of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity in complex biological systems via a practical tool is highly sought after because of its significant role in the metabolism and bioactivation of various xenobiotics. Herein, according to slight differences in the 3D structure and substrate preference between CYP1A1 and its homologous CYP1A2, a series of novel ratiometric fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized using 1,8-naphthalimide because of its trait of naked-eye visualization and ratiometric fluorescence to achieve the detection of CYP1A1 in biological samples. Among these probes, NEiPN showed good water solubility, highly isoform selectivity and great sensitivity (LOD = 0.04874 nM) for CYP1A1 under simulated physiological conditions, which makes it favorable for monitoring CYP1A1 in vivo. Remarkably, NEiPN exhibited excellent reproducibility when it was used to detect the CYP1A1 content in human liver microsomes, which indicated that it has a great potential for quantifying the CYP1A1 content in real biological samples. Furthermore, NEiPN showed relatively low cytotoxicity and has been successfully applied in biological imaging in living cells and zebrafish. These findings indicate that NEiPN is capable of real-time monitoring of the activity of endogenous CYP1A1, which could provide support for CYP1A1-associated pathological processes.

Cysteine(Cys) is tightly related to physiological and pathological of human, and the imbalance of concentration of cysteine in the intracellular are associated with many diseases. Here, a novel NIR fluorescent probe TCF-Cys was designed and synthesized, and both the optimal excitation and emission wavelength of them were between 650 and 900 nm, that within the "optical window" of biological tissues. In aqueous solution, TCF-Cys, which with an acrylate extremity as a recognizing unit, exhibited excellent "turn-on" fluorescence response for Cys superior to other amino acids and thiols with a limit of detection of 0.1323 μM. Moreover, as an excellent naked-eye colorimetric indicator, TCF-Cys could effectively distinguishing the Cys, Hcy and GSH in aqueous solution through color change. Then, the response mechanism of TCF-Cys for Cys was revealed by TLC, 1 H NMR, HPLC, HRMS and DFT calculation. Finally, TCF-Cys was successfully employed to fluorescence specifically map of exogenous and endogenous Cys in living cells and zebrafish with low toxicity., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of bullous disorders characterized by pathogenic antibodies directed at the target antigens, which are components of the desmosomes or adhesion complex at the dermoepidermal junction. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is invaluable in the diagnosis of these lesions., Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of DIF in immunobullous dermatoses and to study the pattern of DIF. The study also aims to correlate DIF with clinical and histologic findings and to analyze discrepancies., Materials and Methods: Total 100 biopsies received over a period of 2 years in the Department of Pathology were analyzed. DIF, histopathology and clinical data were reviewed., Results: Out of 100, 89 cases showed DIF patterns concordant with clinical/histologic diagnosis. The sensitivity of DIF was 94.44% (51/58) in the pemphigus and 84% (21/25) in the bullous pemphigoid (BP) group, 100% each in dermatitis herpetiformis (2/2) and linear IgA disease (1/1). A total of 11 histologically proven cases of immunobullous lesions were DIF negative-four (three of pemphigus vulgaris and one of BP) due to having no epidermis, three (cases of BP) owing to sampling/technical errors and the remaining four (cases of pemphigus vulgaris) due to being on treatment., Conclusion: Immunofluorescence helps confirm the diagnosis of bullous lesions in which there is clinical and the histopathologic overlap. Sampling errors contributed to false negative (FN) results.

Nitroaromatic compounds are toxic to living organisms. Most of them exhibit human mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Biotransformation and bioremediation processes can convert these compounds into non-toxic compounds. Acclimatization of bacterial strain Aquiflexum sp. DL6 with nitro-aromatics resulted in significant induction of nitroreductase (EC 1.5.1.34). The enzyme was purified by the combination of DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with 80-fold purification and 22% yield. Molecular weight of purified nitroreductase was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme characteristics were explored by varying the pH and temperatures, and the optimum activity was found at pH 9.5 and 40 degrees C. It was revealed that the substrate specificity of nitroreductase of Aquiflexum sp. DL6 was wide for the most of the tested nitro-aromatic compounds. The kinetic parameters like Michaelis constant and velocity maxima were determined with o-nitrophenol and NADH as substrates.