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Background: About 9 million nurses will be needed by 2030. To face these unprecedented times, governments/institutions focus on educating as many nursing students as possible. This strategy is clouded by burnout and lack of both health and well-being among students and by the fact that personality is one of the major determinants of these health outcomes. Nevertheless, recent findings show that personality is a complex adaptive system (i,e., nonlinear) and that combinations of people's temperament and character traits (i.e., joint personality networks) might provide further information to understand its development, academic burnout, and lack of health and well-being. Aims: Our aims were to investigate the linear relationship between nursing students’ personality, burnout, health, and well-being; investigate the linear mediational effects of personality and burnout on health and well-being; and investigate differences in these health outcomes between/within students with distinct joint personality networks (i.e., nonlinear relationships). Method: Swedish nursing students (189 women, 29 men) responded to the Temperament and Character Inventory, The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for Students, and the Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale. We conducted correlation analyses and Structural Equation Modeling and, for the nonlinear relationships, Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for clustering and then Analyses of Variance for differences in health outcomes between/within students with distinct personality networks. This study was not pre-registered. Results: High levels of health and well-being and low burnout symptoms (low Emotional Exhaustion, low Cynicism, and high Academic Efficacy) were associated with low Harm Avoidance and high Self-Directedness. Some personality traits were associated with specific health outcomes (e.g., high Self-Transcendence-high Emotional Exhaustion and high Persistence-high Academic Efficacy) and their effects on health and well-being were mediated by specific burnout symptoms. Cynicism and Emotional Exhaustion predicted low levels of health and well-being, Academic Efficacy predicted high levels, and Cynicism lead both directly and indirectly to low levels of health and well-being through Emotional Exhaustion. We found two joint personality networks: students with an Organized/Reliable combination who reported being less emotionally exhausted by their studies, less cynical towards education, higher self-efficacy regarding their academic work/skills, and better health and well-being compared to nursing students with an Emotional/Unreliable combination. Conclusions: The coherence of temperament-character, rather than single traits, seems to determine students’ health outcomes. Thus, nursing education might need to focus on helping students to develop professional skills and health-related abilities (e.g., self-acceptance and spiritual-acceptance), by supporting self-awareness.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 281 adolescents (15 to 19 years old), attending the 1st to the 3rd grades of High School, carried out between September and October 2019 in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data collection took place in two stages. In the first, they answered four self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions and smartphone use, Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (NMQ), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). In the second stage, they were submitted to photogrammetry using the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) and anthropometric assessment (weight and height). The software SPSS Statistics version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 63.3% (n=178) showed smartphone addiction, using it for 5.8 hours (±3.5) during the week and 8.7 (±4.0) hours on the weekend. When analyzing postural alignment in the anterior view, a significant reduction in the lateral head tilt was observed when typing on the smartphone (p=0.002) compared to the anatomical position (baseline). In the lateral view, an increase in head anteriorization was observed during smartphone use (p

AbstractThe stressful nature of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the quality of maternity care. The purpose of this study was to understand and explore the labour and delivery experiences for women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Brazil during this time. Between July and October 2020, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with postpartum women who tested positive for COVID-19 prior to delivering at a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Interview transcripts were coded, and we carried out a thematic analysis using three domains of the World Health Organization’s model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience as a framework. During labour and delivery, women experienced varying levels of respect, with many women reporting feeling mistreated by their healthcare team because of their COVID-19 diagnosis. Due to COVID-19 hospital protocols that denied companions or visitors, women reported feeling unsupported and isolated, especially during the mandatory quarantine. Women also experienced varying levels of effective communication, with some women citing they felt the staff were often fearful, and either avoidant or disrespectful. A minority of women reported that the staff appeared to be respectful and receptive to their needs. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the strain of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals potentially results in ineffective communication and mistreatment during labour and delivery. Embedding respectful and humanised childbirth principles into emergency maternal healthcare protocols may improve the childbirth experience for women with COVID-19, as well as for women during future public health emergencies.

Enquandramento: A pandemia de COVID-19 agravou as práticas de cuidar das mulheres no momento do parto. Objetivo: Compreender a perceção das grávidas com COVID-19 acerca da aplicabilidade das boas práticas de assistência ao parto e nascimento. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem mista, realizado com 23 gestantes com COVID-19, num hospital público brasileiro. Resultados: O corpus geral consistia em 23 textos, com aproveitamento de 249 Segmentos de Texto (ST). O conteúdo analisado foi categorizado em cinco classes: COVID-19 no contexto da saúde do RN, com 56 STs (22,49%); Parto humanizado e COVID-19, com 51 STs (20,48%); A incerteza dos riscos maternos e fetais, com 39 STs (15,66%); Experiência do parto na pandemia por COVID-19, com 67 STs (26,91%); e Conhecimento sobre sintomas e prevenção contra a COVID-19, com 36 STs (14,46%). Conclusão: Foram encontradas gestantes com pouco conhecimento sobre a política e o seu direito à autonomia no trabalho de parto e pós-parto, evidenciando diversas práticas inadequadas durante a pandemia.

A pandemia da Covid-19 fomentou o debate sobre a situação de Insegurança Alimentar de grupos mais vulneráveis. Os riscos de Insegurança Alimentar foram aprofundados com as medidas adotadas pelo governo brasileiro buscando mitigar a propagação da pandemia. Dentre estas medidas, encontra-se a interrupção das aulas presenciais em universidades e o fechamento dos restaurantes universitários, os quais garantiam acesso à uma alimentação adequada. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a situação de Insegurança Alimentar de estudantes universitários durante o período da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo realizado através da aplicação da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar em universitários da rede pública dos estados da Bahia e Ceará, Brasil. Dos 428 universitários investigados, 153 (35,7%) apresentaram grau leve, 101 (23,6%) grau moderado e 107 (25%) grau grave de Insegurança Alimentar. Os universitários autodeclarados de cor preta apresentaram forte associação com a Insegurança Alimentar Moderada ou Grave (p

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil da primeira infância em situação de pobreza no estado do Ceará. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado com crianças de zero a seis anos em situação de pobreza no estado do Ceará. Os dados foram coletados na plataforma Tabulador de Informações do Cadastro Único do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social, no período de junho de 2017, quando o mesmo contava com 5.385.085 pessoas cadastradas, das quais 581.336 tinham de zero a seis anos, definindo a amostra da pesquisa. As variáveis coletadas foram: sexo, etnia, renda, habitação, educação, saúde e violação dos direitos, para serem analisadas descritivamente. Resultados: Com relação à renda, são 552.921 famílias (95,11%) consideradas de baixa renda, das quais 73,18% (425.441) vivem em situação de extrema pobreza. Apesar de a maioria (388.325; 66,79%) morar em domicílios situados em zonas urbanas, em casas predominantemente de alvenaria (548.871; 94,41%), 281.726 (41,02%) residem em domicílio sem nenhum tipo de calçamento em frente à residência e 427.906 (63,31), sem rede coletora de esgoto. Na dimensão educação, 395.776 crianças (68,08%) não frequentam a escola e menos de 1% (70) vive em situação de rua e trabalho infantil. Foram, predominante, crianças do sexo masculino (297.786; 51,22%) e consideradas, por seus responsáveis, pardas (479.769; 82,53%). Conclusão: A maioria das crianças de até 6 anos e em situação de pobreza no Ceará são do sexo masculino, de cor parda, residindo em domicílios com precárias condições de saneamento básico e ainda sem acesso à educação infantil.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. Methods: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. Results: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. Conclusions: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.

The present study aimed to research the intra-school difficulties for effectiveness of the culture of peace in the school. The methodological course based on the object of study was exploratory and descriptive with a qualitative approach. A case study was developed at the Municipal School of Fortaleza-Ceará, established in Regional V. The target public of the study was the management group and teachers of this public school. The data collection occurred from February to June 2015.The production of the data was carried out through semi-structured interviews. The analysis and organization of the data were performed through Content Analysis. There was communication failure, attrition and demotivation of teachers, lack of preparation for activities that contemplate peace, as well as the absence of municipal and governmental partnerships

Objective: to learn the nurses’ perspective regarding the health system in syphilis control. Method:this qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews of thirteen nurses from a secondary, syphilis-referral hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, in 2012. The content analysis technique was used to interpret the resulting corpus. Results: in the core themes identified, the salient categories were: Primary care is “failing” and “There is a flaw in health education!” Conclusion: it is believed that new resources and actions are needed for health professionals, coming mainly from educational interventions focusing on comprehensive health care so as to establish means to improve services. RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a perspectiva dos enfermeiros (as) acerca do sistema de saúde no controle da sífilis. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, foram entrevistadas treze enfermeiras de um hospital secundário em Fortaleza/Ceará, referência para os casos de sífilis, utilizando-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo para análise e interpretação do corpus. Resultados: identificaram-se os núcleos temáticos, na qual destaca-se as categorias: Atenção primária está “furando” e “Há uma falha na educação em Saúde!”. Conclusão: acredita-se na necessidade de novos recursos e ações para os profissionais, principalmente, a partir de intervenções educativas, que focalizem a integralidade da atenção à saúde para a constituição de meios de qualificação do serviço. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la perspectiva de los(as) enfermeros(as) sobre el sistema de salud en el control de la sífilis. Método: estudio de enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Se entrevistaron trece enfermeras de un hospital de segundo nivel en Fortaleza/Ceará, de referencia para los casos de sífilis, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido para el análisis e interpretación del corpus. Resultados: se identificaron los núcleos temáticos, en los que destacan las categorías: La atención primaria “No cumple lo prometido” y " Hay una falla en la educación de la salud." Conclusión:se cree en la necesidad de nuevos recursos y acciones para los profesionales, principalmente, a partir de las intervenciones educativas que focalicen la totalidad de la atención a la salud para el establecimiento de medios de calificación de servicios.

Abstract We sought to know the spectra of mothers of premature children regarding their experience with circle of culture of educational character and identifying the learning provided by the circle of culture about newborn care after hospital discharge. A descriptive study was performed in a hospital located in Fortaleza, Brazil. Three meetings of a circle of culture with 17 mothers of premature newborns were performed. The interpretation of the corpus was performed using thematic analysis. Emerged from the categories: Maternal experience in a circle of culture; Promoted social support among mothers through the circle of culture; and Learning provided by the circle of culture. It was concluded that teaching parents during the hospitalization of the child should be held in a way to involve parents in the care of the newborn, provide moments of health education, opportunities for support and dialogue between professionals and family.

Objetivo: descrever o perfil de pais e crianças com paralisia cerebral assistidas em ambulatórios de Fortaleza, Ceará. Método: foi realizada pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com 122 pais de crianças com PC, nos meses de outubro/2012 a janeiro/2013, em que foi aplicado um questionário com aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e clínicos das crianças. Foi realizada análise exploratória dos dados no Programa SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: identificou-se 88(72,1%) das crianças com PC espástica, tendo como principal causa a anóxia neonatal 64(52,5%), em que foram diagnosticadas com menos de um mês de vida 47(38,5%) e que além do aspecto motor, apresentam outros distúrbios, como problemas na fala 92(75,4%). Conclusão: os dados revelaram que as crianças com PC apresentam características peculiares que precisam de assistência multiprofissional, numa abordagem interdisciplinar, pois é necessário que haja intervenção o mais precoce, a fim de melhorar o desempenho na execução das atividades da vida diária. ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the profile of parents and children with cerebral palsy receiving care at outpatient clinics in Fortaleza, Ceará. Method: in this quantitative study, a questionnaire on socio-economic, demographic and clinical data of children with CP was applied to 122 parents, from October 2012 to January 2013. Exploratory data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: it was found that 88 (72.1%) of the children presented with spastic CP; neonatal anoxia was the main cause (64; 52.5%); 47 (38.5%) were diagnosed in the first month of life; and 92 (75.4%), in addition to motor impairment, displayed other disorders, such as speech problems. Conclusion: the data revealed that the children with CP had unique characteristics that required multidisciplinary care, on an interdisciplinary approach, because the earliest possible intervention is necessary to improve their performance in performing activities of daily living. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil de los padres y los niños con parálisis cerebral asistidos en ambulatorios de Fortaleza, Ceará. Método: se realizó investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, con 122 padres de niños con PC, de octubre/2012 a enero/2013, en la que fue aplicado un cuestionario con aspectos socioeconómicos, demográficos y clínicos de los niños. Fue realizado análisis exploratorio de los datos en el Programa SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados: se identificó que: 88 (72,1%) de los niños tenían PC espástica y la principal causa era la anoxia neonatal: 64 (52,5%); 47 fueron diagnosticadas con menos de un mes de vida (38,5%); y que, además del aspecto motor, presentan otros disturbios, como problemas en el habla 92 (75,4%). Conclusión: los datos revelaron que los niños con PC presentan características peculiares que necesitan de asistencia multiprofesional, en un enfoque interdisciplinar, ya que es necesario que haya intervención lo más pronto posible, para mejorar el desempeño en la ejecución de las actividades de la vida diaria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.8780

Maternal perception on follow-up monitoring towards the improvement of children’s care is investigated. Current descriptive qualitative study was performed at the outpatient clinic of a secondary care hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, from July to September 2010. Half-structured interviews were undertaken with 16 mothers who accompanied their children in the follow-up. Minayo thematic analysis enabled data categorization in Child Development, Continuing Care, Importance of Follow-up. The monitoring of children discharged from intensive care units is relevant for the prevention of injuries in neuropsychomotor development. The exchange of information and guidance received during follow-up visits provided support to mothers devoted to child care and promoted trust and confidence for care continuation. Health professionals have a role beyond the care itself, or rather, the provision of educational support through the interactive process, including family-provided assistance which becomes part of the method of caring.

Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of children with congenital heart disease assisted at a hospital institution. Methods: A descriptive, crosssectional study conducted in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of a hospital in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in the period from March to August 2012. It comprised a nonrandom convenience sample of 80 parents of children with heart disease aged 5 to 12 years. Information was obtained from primary data of medical records and through questionnaires covering the parent’s sociodemographic characteristics, family data and the children’s clinical aspects. Results: Regarding socioeconomic data, 77 (96.2%) caregivers were female, 50 (62.5%) were married or in a stable relationship, 39 (48.7%) had 10-12 years of formal education, and 69 (82.6%) reported a household income between 1 and 2 minimum wages. In the sample of children studied, 43 (53.8%) were female. The median age of the children was 8.4 years, ranging from 5-13 years. As to the age at the heart disease diagnosis, 44 (55%) occurred under the age of 6 months, regardless of the type of cardiopathy. It was detected that 19 (23.75%) were related to the disease. Conclusion: Children’s caregivers were predominantly their mothers, with low income and satisfactory schooling. Early diagnosis was predominant, mainly among the children with cyanotic cardiopathy. doi:10.5020/18061230.2014.p239

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção da mãe sobre a alta hospitalar e o cuidado do recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio após a primeira semana de alta. Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, com uso da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, desenvolvida no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro (follow-up) do Hospital da Rede Pública Estadual de Fortaleza, em outubro e novembro de 2011. As participantes foram nove mães de recém-nascido prematuro após primeira semana de alta. Aplicou-se análise do conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram para as categorias: Orientações sobre o cuidado com o prematuro durante a alta hospitalar; Sentimentos e dificuldades com a chegada do bebê no domicílio; e Apoio familiar no cuidado do prematuro. O estudo evidenciou que algumas mães não receberam orientações da equipe multiprofissional da neonatologia acerca do cuidado bebê após alta hospitalar, reforçando que elas levam o bebê para o domicílio sem estar preparadas para a nova realidade.Dirigido a aprender acerca de la percepción de la madre sobre el alta hospitalaria y el cuidado de los recién-nacidos prematuros en el hogar después de la primera semana de alta. Enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar datos, desarrollado en el ambulatorio de seguimiento del prematuro (Follow Up) del Hospital de la Red Pública del Estado de Fortaleza, en octubre y noviembre de 2011. Participaron nueve madres de bebés prematuros después de la primera semana de alta. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido para la observación de los datos. Los resultados apuntan para las siguientes categorías: Orientaciones para el cuidado con los bebés prematuros durante el alta; Sentimientos y dificultades con la llegada del bebé al hogar; Apoyo familiar en el cuidado de los bebés prematuros. El estudio demostró que algunas madres no recibieron instrucciones del equipo interdisciplinario de atención de neonatología acerca del cuidado con el bebé después del alta, reforzando que las madres llevan al bebé a la casa sin estar preparadas para la nueva realidad.It aimed at learning about the mother's perception in a hospital and the care of premature newborns at home after the first week of discharge. Descriptive, qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews to collect data, developed in the outpatient follow-up of premature (Follow up) of the State Public Hospital Network of Fortaleza, in October and November 2011. The participants were nine mothers of preterm infants after the first week of discharge. It was applied the analyzis the content for data analysis. The results pointed to the categories: Guidelines on the care of premature infants during discharge; feelings and difficulties with the baby's arrival at home; family support in the care of premature infants. The study showed that some mothers were not instructed interdisciplinary team of neonatology care about the baby after discharge, stressing that they take the baby to the household without being prepared for the new reality.

Objective: To investigate mothers’ knowledge of infant feeding. Methods: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed in a Primary Health Unit located in the city of Maranguape-CE, with 14 first-time mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months, who were receiving complementary feeding and were resident in the District of Tabatinga between the months of July and October 2009, through participant observation and semi-structured interview. After reading, careful description of the interviews and classification of speech, the following categories emerged: complementary feeding and breastfeeding; food offered to children; and determinants of the healthy infant feeding. Results: Although mothers have basics knowledge of how a healthy diet should be, they continued introducing harmful foods to children, showing lack of control over food education. Mothers are aware that feeding the child could be based on nutritious foods; nevertheless, they prefer choosing those that feature ease of supply. Conclusion: The introduction of new foods was performed incorrectly and nutritional quality is inadequate for children. The mother appears in charge of the child development; however, for this process to be successful, she must become conscious of this subject, since a healthy diet directly influences the child’s organism, as it acts in all body systems.

El objetivo fue analizar las percepciones de primíparas acerca de las orientaciones recibidas en prenatal sobre lactancia materna. Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados DE marzo-mayo 2010, a través de entrevistas semiestructurada con 10 primíparas en la unidad de alojamiento conjunto de hospital de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido, donde emergieron las categorías: Orientaciones en el prenatal; Importancia de la lactancia materna; y Atención y problemas con el pecho. La consulta prenatal es una forma de acompañar a la madre durante el embarazo, además es el momento para educarla acerca de los diversos cambios y las consecuencias que se producen durante el embarazo. Las madres tenían percepciones satisfactorias acerca de la importancia del cuidado prenatal, sin embargo, se observó conocimiento superficial aprendido en la atención prenatal en relación a la lactancia materna.

Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con el fin de entender la experiencia de las madres en la atención s los niños con diabetes tipo 1 en unidad de Referencia Terciario en Diabetes, en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 12 madres de niños diabéticos, con edades entre 3 y 12 años. Los resultados fueron analizados a partir de las técnicas de contenido de Bardin, las categorías emergentes fueron: múltiples sentimientos generados en el impacto del diagnóstico; madre frente a la competitividad del afecto entre los niños; experiencia de la madre en la ampliación del lugar de cuidado diario. La enfermedad afecta a la familia, pero la responsabilidad de la atención recae en la madre en todos los aspectos de la enfermedad, siendo necesario el soporte profesional, pues la asistencia prestada por la madre al niño diabético va más allá de la atención relacionada al control metabólico.

The objective was to identify conditions for the discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding. This is a qualitative study developed in a Primary Health Care Unit (PHCU) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It included 20 mothers of children aged 0-6 months old who were breastfeeding. The reports evidenced three categories: Guidance received during prenatal care; Meanings of breastfeeding; Determinants of early weaning. It can be concluded that part of the determinants of early weaning is in the building of or failure to build knowledge about breastfeeding. Cultural concepts or myths are inadequate and socially reproduced due to failure, on the part of health professionals who assist expectant mothers during prenatal care or those who assist postpartum women, to deconstruct them.

Entende-se a violência escolar como todos os fatos ou atos de agressão que ocorram tanto no ambiente interno, como no entorno de estabelecimentos de ensino; incorporando, portanto, desde dimensões mais simbólicas do fenômeno, até maus-tratos e uso de força ou da intimidação. A partir deste conceito objetivou-se buscar uma aproximação da óptica das crianças acerca dos atos de violência no ambiente escolar, bem como suas experiências e implicações mais diretas. Estudo de caráter qualitativo realizado no município de Fortaleza-Ceará por meio da técnica de grupo focal com vinte e seis escolares. As discussões foram gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas para processamento com o auxílio do programa NVivo (versão 10.0), permitindo uma análise categorial. Os atos de violência são habituais para as crianças e perpassam suas relações interpessoais. Estudar a violência escolar é compreender suas intersecções, muitas vezes banalizadas, sem desvelar as inter-relações fundamentais na compreensão deste fenômeno complexo, que por vezes é reflexo de outros sistemas sociais que podem desencadear consequências e tornar vulnerável a saúde individual e coletiva.

Objetivou-se descrever a vivência das mães sobre os cuidados prestados aos filhos, bem como a percepção destas em relação à consulta de puericultura. Realizou-se pesquisa-ação com onze mães de crianças menores de dois anos e utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada em visita domiciliária às mães, seguidas de consultas mensais de puericultura e estratégias de educação em saúde e de nova entrevista para avaliação da implementação das consultas. Após descrição e análise dos dados, emergiram as categorias: Construção da Competência para ser mãe; Alternativas e Tratamento da Doença; Aprendizado na Puericultura. As consultas favorecem o cuidado das mães ao filho, proporcionando saúde de qualidade, por meio da promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças.El objetivo fue describir la experiencia de las madres acerca de la atención a los hijos, así como su percepción sobre la consulta de puericultura. Se llevó a cabo la investigación / acción con once madres de niños menores que dos años, se utilizó la entrevista seme estructurada en las visitas domiciliarias a las madres, seguidos de visitas mensuales de puericultura y las estrategias de educación, salud y nuevas entrevistas para evaluar la aplicación de consultas. Después de describir y analizar los datos, surgieron las categorías: Construcción de la competencia para ser madre, Alternativas y tratamiento delante de la enfermedad; Aprendizaje en la Atención de Niños. Las consultas promueven la atención de las madres al hijo, proporcionando la atención de calidad a través de la promoción de la salud y de la prevención de enfermedades.It was aimed to describe the experience of mothers on the care offered to their children, as well as their perception on child care consultation. A research action was carried out with eleven mothers of children under two years, we used the semi-structured interview in home visits to mothers, followed by monthly visits for child care and health education strategies, and new interviews to assess the implementation of consultations. After data's description and analysis, the categories emerged: Construction of Power to be a Mother, Alternatives and Treatment on the Disease; Learning in Child Care. Consultations favor the care of mothers with the child, providing quality health care through health promotion and disease prevention.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hearing loss in the family dynamics of the deaf child; identify the family’s knowledge about deafness, understand how parents experience the diagnosis and treatment of child with hearing impairment. Methods: The study has aqualitative approach developed at the Center for Integrated Medical Care - NAMI, attached to the University of Fortaleza - UNIFOR located in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. The participants were six mothers of children with hearing impairment. Data collection was carried outthrough participant observation and semi-structured interview. The Thematic Analysis of Bardin was used for processing the data. Results: After coding, some categories emerged from the discourse: Misinformation of Hearing Loss; impact of the discovery of hearingloss, caregivers and facilitators of the development of the deaf children. Conclusion: The birth of a deaf child alters the previous family balance, causing specific problems, such as the communication barrier, whose solution is related to how to handle the situation. Itis necessary to promote changes, emphasizing the involvement of caregivers and loved as facilitators of deaf child’s development. In Phonoaudiology, this attitude represents discovering new ways to identify the need for the subject, which requires strategies thatvalue their opinion, allowing the expression of expectations, perceptions, representations and feelings.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a polifarmácia (uso diário de dois ou mais) de medicamentos contínuos e seus fatores associados em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo seccional realizado com idosos residentes em área urbana do município de Quixadá-CE, no período de maio a dezembro de 2009. A amostra compôs-se de 384 indivíduos, com 60 anos ou mais, usuários de medicamentos contínuos. As variáveis estudadas foram as sociodemográficas, econômicas e das características de saúde e referentes ao uso de medicamentos. Para a análise da associação entre a variável dependente polifarmácia de medicamentos contínuos e as variáveis independentes foi elaborado um modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram predominância de idosos do sexo feminino, faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos, casados, ensino fundamental incompleto, sem exercer atividade remunerada, renda familiar de até um salário mínimo, habitando em moradia própria, residindo com até três pessoas. Constatou-se uma prevalência de 70,6% de polifarmácia em idosos, sendo mais elevada no sexo feminino (66,4%). Os fatores associados positivamente ao uso de dois ou mais medicamentos contínuos foram: renda familiar acima de um salário mínimo (OR 2,83; IC95% = 1,54-5,32); duas ou mais condições crônicas autorreferidas (OR 17,71; IC95% = 9,80-31,990) e autopercepção da qualidade de vida regular e ruim (OR 2,85; IC95% = 1,60-5,07). CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se uma prática de polifarmácia de medicamentos contínuos em idosos com renda familiar superior a um salário mínimo, que apresenta duas ou mais condições crônicas e autopercepção da sua qualidade de vida entre regular e ruim. Situação que remete a questões relativas aos aspectos social, cultural, econômico e de saúde.OBJECTIVE: To analyze polypharmacy (daily use of two or more) of continuous use medication and its associated factors in the elderly. METHODS: A cross sectional study conducted with elderly individuals living in an urban area of the municipality of Quixadá, Ceara, Brazil from May to December, 2009. The sample consisted of 384 individuals who were 60 years old or older and users of continuous medication. The variables studied were sociodemographic, economical, and health characteristics related to use of medications. For the analysis of the association between the dependent variable polypharmacy of continuous-use medication and the independent variables a logistic regression model was developed. RESULTS: Results showed a predominance of females, between 60 and 69 years old, married, with incomplete elementary school education, non-paid job, family income of one minimum salary, living in their own home and together with up to three individuals. A prevalence of 70.6% of polypharmacy in the elderly was found, and it was higher in women (66.4%). Factors positively associated with the use of two or more continuous-use medication were: family income over one minimum salary (OR 2.83; CI95% = 1.54-5.32); two or more self-reported chronic conditions (OR 17.71; CI95% = 9.80-31.990) and self-perception of regular to poor quality of life (OR 2.85; CI95% = 1.60-5.07). CONCLUSIONS: The study observed a practice of polypharmacy of continuous-use medications in the elderly with family income over one minimum wage, two or more chronic conditions and self-perception of regular to poor quality of life. Such status leads to questions on social, cultural, economic and health aspects.

Objetivou-se descrever o cuidado oferecido à criança infectada pelo HIV/AIDS, bem como os fatores que podem influenciar nesse cuidado. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no Ambulatório Pediátrico de um Hospital Público de Doenças Infecciosas de referência em AIDS, em Fortaleza. Os informantes foram 17 cuidadores de crianças infectadas pelo HIV/AIDS que esperavam atendimento ambulatorial no referido hospital. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante os meses de fevereiro a maio de 2009, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário socioeconômico, no qual foi traçado o perfil dos cuidadores. Após descrição dos dados, esses foram analisados baseando-se em Minayo (2002), emergindo as categorias temáticas: Criança com HIV precisa de cuidado, Assistência do cuidador à criança portadora de HIV, Crianças com HIV e o Preconceito e É difícil cuidar da criança com HIV, mas meu filho é uma criança normal. Percebeu-se que diversos fatores influenciam no cuidado da criança com HIV, mas que os cuidadores buscam a melhoria da qualidade de vida delas, considerando-as como normais, apesar dos estigmas determinados pela sociedade.Aimed to investigate the care offered to children infected with HIV / AIDS. Exploratory and descriptive research, with qualitative approach, carried out in the pediatric clinic of a public hospital of infectious diseases in reference to AIDS in Fortaleza. The informants were 17 caregivers of children infected by HIV / AIDS outpatient waiting in the hospital. Data collection occurred during the months of february to may 2009, through semistructured questionnaire on socioeconomic status, where to draw the profile of carers. After description of the data, these were analyzed, emerging themes: Children with HIV need care, Caregiver assistance for children with HIV, Children with HIV and prejudice and is difficult to care for the child with HIV, but my son is a normal child. It was noted that several factors influence the care of children with HIV, but that caregivers seek to improve the quality of their lives, considering them as normal, despite the stigmas set by society.

Objetivo: Identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mães no cotidiano de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com dez mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral, na faixa etária entre dois e oito anos, os quais estavam em tratamento no Núcleo de Tratamento e Estimulação Precoce (NUTEP) da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), no mínimo há seis meses, durante o período de agosto a setembro de 2006. Para a realização das entrevistas, aplicou-se um roteiro semi-estruturado, com base no conhecimento da mãe sobre a doença de sua criança e o que a mesma acarreta no seu cotidiano; também no apoio profissional e familiar. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Dos dados emergiram as seguintes categorias: conhecimento da condição da criança; dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mães; apoio da equipe interdisciplinar e suporte familiar. Evidenciou-se que as participantes passam por diversas dificuldades no dia-a-dia junto ao filho, não recebendo ajuda suficiente dos familiares no cuidado do mesmo, responsabilizando-as por todos os cuidados diários. Considerações finais: É importante o apoio da equipe interdisciplinar, mediante estratégias educativas em saúde que proporcionem orientações as mães, conseqüentemente, melhoria na qualidade de vida no âmbito familiar.

Objective: To analyze allegations of violated rights of children and adolescents, received by child protection councils in the Northeast of Brazil in a time series of six years (2002 - 2007), through the Information System for Childhood and Adolescence (SIPIA). Methods: A descriptive study with quantitative approach, in a time series for the period 2002 to 2007, to identify information pertaining to violence against children and adolescents in the Northeast, through official secondary data. We studied 82,175 complaints, which allowed the analysis of the characteristics of the offender, the victims and location of the violation of such rights in the studied group. Results: Data indicate that 52.5% (n=43,203) of victims were male, 57.7% (n=47,437) comprised the age group 0-11 years, 70.3% (n=57,781) of cases of rights violations against children and adolescents registered in this period were committed by family members and relatives. Parents stood out as those that most violated rights of their children, with 55.4% (n=45,557). Conclusion: These results confirm the underreporting of notifications in SIPIA in some states of this region, although the study has shown that the violation of rights of children and adolescents is a present fact in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Objetivo: Compreender a qualidade de vida do cuidador de crianças com paralisia cerebral.Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada no Núcleo de Tratamento e Estimulação Precoce (NUTEP), com oito cuidadoras de crianças com paralisia cerebral de moderada a grave. A coleta dos dados deu-se por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas; sendo estas gravadas e transcritas, depois codificadas, analisadas e interpretadas de acordo com a “análise de conteúdo”. Resultados: As principais categorias identificadas foram: dificuldades enfrentadas (transporte, recurso financeiro, saúde), vida social (lazer), projetos de vida e estratégias de enfrentamento (religiosidade). Conclusão: A qualidade de vida das cuidadoras estudadas pode ser compreendida como insatisfatória. Porém, mesmo diante das dificuldades, elas encontram estratégias de enfrentamento para o ato de cuidar, como a religiosidade; sendo isso um pilar para sustentar suas vidas.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension treated in a health unit and its association with diabetes, relating to sex and age. Methods: We conducted this quantitative and documentary research with 297 registered users in the Plan of Reorganization of Care for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (HIPERDIA / MS) of a Family Health Center of the Regional Executive Office VI (SER VI) at Fortaleza -Ceará, in May 2009. The sample was divided according to gender, age and relationship between hypertension and diabetes. Results: We found a predominance of women, over 40 years, with hypertension and without diabetes. Fifty-eight (19.5%) users had hypertension and diabetes associated, suggesting an additional risk factor, relevant to this clientele. One hundred and fifty-five (52.2%) of hypertensive patients, with and without diabetes, controlled blood pressure and among those who were not in control, 85 (28.6%) were elderly. It was identified that 46 (15.5%) users were affected by some complication, especially the stroke as the most prevalent among female 13 (52%) and acute myocardial infarction in male 11 (38%). The antihypertensive drugs and hypoglycemic most used were 170 (71.1%) hydrochlorothiazide, 44 (75.9%) glibenclamide and 04 (6.9%) insulin. Conclusion: High blood pressure affects men and women, and its prevalence increases with age. When associated with diabetes, increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It is believed that the education of individuals with chronic illness is the best way to reduce these harms.

El objetivo fue relatar la experiencia de la utilización de un álbum ilustrado acerca de los alimentos regionales en una intervención educativa con parientes de niños preescolares. Relato de experiencia con aplicación de un álbum ilustrado a través de sesiones educativas con 70 familias de niños preescolares en el período de agosto a septiembre de 2009. Los resultados mostraron que las sesiones educativas despertaron como los alimentos regionales están siendo subutilizados por los miembros de la familia debido a la falta de conocimiento de alternativas alimentares. Además, se observó que a medida que las cifras estaban siendo retratadas cuanto a los hábitos de alimentación saludables e higienizaciones de los alimentos y preparo de recetas, los familiares compartieran sus experiencias, promoviendo un ambiente acogedor y estimulante. Así, el álbum puede ser caracterizado como una tecnología de enseñanza emancipadora, donde el individuo se cambia en sujeto de su propio aprendizaje.

The study had as its aim to characterize the children under 5 years old, attended with exogenous poisoning by carbamate (popularly called “chumbinho” – “small shot”) at an emergency hospital in Fortaleza and to relate the signs and symptoms detected in this type of poisoning. It concerned a descriptive study, with a sample of 65 children attended during the period of 1998 to 2000, in Fortaleza, Ceará. It was noticed that the most affected age group was of those with 1 to 3 years old, not being verified any significant difference between sexes. The most evident signs and symptoms were myosis, vomits, profuse perspiration and sialorrhea and the predominant treatment was the use of active coal. It is concluded, therefore, that there is a need of putting into effect the health education, calling the society’s attention to the risks of the inadequate “chumbinho” use in the domiciliar environment.

Objective: To understand the psychosocial effects of stroke – cerebrovascular accident (CVA) – in a low-income family context. Methods: A qualitative and descriptive research held in one of the units of Associação Beneficente Cearense de Reabilitação (ABCR) in Fortaleza, Ceará, in the period from June to December, 2002. Six patients with sequel of CVA and their families joined in the study, regardless of age, with an average of six months of physiotherapy. For data collection we applied free observation and semi-structured interviews to patients and families, mediated by specific guiding questions for each group. From content analysis five categories emerged. Results: The difficulties of family life, the feelings of anguish and anxiety prevailed in the quest for rehabilitation, with the treatment being long, requiring determination and awareness of patient-family dyad. The fear of losing their jobs, the responsibility, the expenses and their family life were present in the discourse of patients and relatives, in addition to questions about the disease and concerns about recovery and / or healing. Final considerations: The stroke (CVA) brings as psychological effects feelings of fear, anguish and limitation, contrasting with the determination of the quest for recovery. Socially, the unemployment, both physical and financial dependence and social isolation were highlighted.

O Método Canguru é uma alternativa ao método tradicional de assistência a bebês prematuros de baixo peso, que preconiza o contato pele a pele precoce, entre mãe e filho, 24 horas por dia, garantindo-lhes estímulos sensoriais e motores e maior participação dos pais no cuidado de seu bebê. A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Neonatal é destinada ao tratamento de recém-nascidos prematuros com algum problema ao nascer. Objetivou-se comparar o desenvolvimento sensório-motor de recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPt) da UTI Neonatal e do Método Canguru. Realizou-se um estudo comparativo, prospectivo e observacional, no Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals, em Fortaleza – CE, de agosto a outubro de 2004, com 14 RNPt, sendo 07 de cada grupo, com peso inferior a 2000g e idade gestacional entre 30 e 37 semanas. A avaliação foi semanal até a alta hospitalar ou até completarem a idade corrigida de 40 semanas, pelo método Dubowitz e Amiel-Tison, com análise de tônus muscular, respostas sensório-motoras, ganho de peso e tempo de internação. Como resultado, observou-se que os bebês do Método Canguru apresentaram melhores respostas sensório-motoras, comprovadas a partir da constatação de um menor grau de estresse, melhores respostas reflexas, movimentação espontânea e tônus muscular, e menor tempo de internação, permanecendo mais tempo em estado de alerta e interagindo bem com o ambiente e a mãe. Conclui-se que o Método Canguru mostrou-se uma alternativa mais eficaz de assistência a RNPt de baixo peso, pois proporcionou melhores resultados quanto às atividades sensório-motor dos bebês, se comparados à UTI Neonatal.

The climacterium consists in a period of signs and symptoms that may reflect in some way in the lives of women, both in a familiar point of view as well as in a professional one. This study had the aim of analyzing the interferences of problems experienced by a woman in climacterium and their relation to health and work environment. It was a descriptiveexploratory research with a qualitative approach and it was carried out with 26 women in the age group of 40 to 57 years old. The informers were health professionals from a public institution of Ceará State. There were applied semi-structured interviews and the data were arranged into categories: the knowledge regarding the physiological transformations of climacterium and its relation to health; the climacterium’s interference in work. The results revealed that despite the knowledge level of the participants regarding the body’s physiological changes, they, nevertheless, had difficulty in accepting this natural physiological process during this phase of life. We conclude that the symptoms presented and experienced during daily life interfere in a negative way in the accomplishment of work-related activities and also in woman’s health

Objective: To analyze allegations of violated rights of children and adolescents, received by child protection councils in the Northeast of Brazil in a time series of six years (2002 - 2007), through the Information System for Childhood and Adolescence (SIPIA). Methods: Adescriptive study with quantitative approach, in a time series for the period 2002 to 2007, to identify information pertaining to violence against children and adolescents in the Northeast,through official secondary data. We studied 82,175 complaints, which allowed the analysis of the characteristics of the offender, the victims and location of the violation of such rights in the studied group. Results: Data indicate that 52.5% (n=43,203) of victims were male,57.7% (n=47,437) comprised the age group 0-11 years, 70.3% (n=57,781) of cases of rights violations against children and adolescents registered in this period were committed by family members and relatives. Parents stood out as those that most violated rights of their children, with 55.4% (n=45,557). Conclusion: These results confirm the underreporting of notifications in SIPIA in some states of this region, although the study has shown that the violation of rights of children and adolescents is a present fact in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Objective: To investigate the perception of mothers regarding the care and development of their children. Methods: This was a descriptive and qualitative study, conducted in a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, in the period from July to October, 2008. The subjects were twenty mothers who accompanied their children in childcare consultation and met with favorable clinical conditions. Data collection techniques used free observation and semistructured interview consisting of questions involving the perception of child development and care. Results: By means of data analysis the following categories emerged: “Smile and play: mother’s perception regarding the development of the child”; “Take care: emphasis on breastfeeding and body hygiene”. The main source of nonverbal communication that the child has to convey affection and love is the smile, being an essential activity to child development. We verified that the care with breastfeeding and body hygiene suggest behavioral indicators of maternal sensitivity. Final considerations: The childcare consultation held in UBS is essential, because it allows integration of ideas and actions shared with the professional-parent dyad, thus providing the arousal of new experiences in care and the influence on child development.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension treated in a health unit and its association with diabetes, relating to sex and age. Methods: We conducted this quantitative and documentary research with 297 registered users in the Plan of Reorganization of Care for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (HIPERDIA / MS) of a Family Health Center of the Regional Executive Office VI (SER VI) at Fortaleza -Ceará, in May 2009. The sample was divided according to gender, age and relationship betweenhypertension and diabetes. Results: We found a predominance of women, over 40 years, with hypertension and without diabetes. Fifty-eight (19.5%) users had hypertension and diabetes associated, suggesting an additional risk factor, relevant to this clientele. One hundredand fifty-five (52.2%) of hypertensive patients, with and without diabetes, controlled blood pressure and among those who were not in control, 85 (28.6%) were elderly. It was identified that 46 (15.5%) users were affected by some complication, especially the stroke as the most prevalent among female 13 (52%) and acute myocardial infarction in male 11 (38%). The antihypertensive drugs and hypoglycemic most used were 170 (71.1%) hydrochlorothiazide,44 (75.9%) glibenclamide and 04 (6.9%) insulin. Conclusion: High blood pressure affects men and women, and its prevalence increases with age. When associated with diabetes, increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It is believed that the education of individuals with chronic illness is the best way to reduce these harms.

This qualitative study aimed to know the perception of the teacher as educator of adolescents about sex and sexuality. Data were collected through semi structured interviews and analyzed according to Bardin’s content analysis. Emerging categories: “sexuality at school: perceptions and practices of the teacher”; “factors which make sexual education in school difficult”; “family and school partnership for the development of sexual education in school. “ The results revealed that some teachers perceive themselves as important in sexual education for students, but others transfer it to other institutions. It is concluded that the school is a privileged place for the sexual education of adolescents, however teachers face challenges in developing this activity.

Objective: To understand the psychosocial effects of stroke – cerebrovascular accident (CVA) – in a low-income family context. Methods: A qualitative and descriptive research held in one of the units of Associação Beneficente Cearense de Reabilitação (ABCR) in Fortaleza, Ceará, in the period from June to December, 2002. Six patients with sequel of CVA and their families joined in the study, regardless of age, with an average of six months of physiotherapy. For data collection we applied free observation and semi-structured interviews to patients and families, mediated by specific guiding questions for each group. From content analysis five categories emerged. Results: The difficulties of family life, the feelings of anguish and anxiety prevailed in the quest for rehabilitation, with the treatment being long, requiring determination and awareness of patient-family dyad. The fear of losing their jobs, the responsibility, the expenses and their family life were present in the discourse of patients and relatives, in addition to questions about the disease and concerns about recovery and / or healing. Final considerations: The stroke (CVA) brings as psychological effects feelings of fear, anguish and limitation, contrasting with the determination of the quest for recovery. Socially, the unemployment, both physical and financial dependence and social isolation were highlighted.

A equipe de Enfermagem do Serviço de Hematologia depara-se constantemente com situações de sofrimento intenso, podendo afetar sua homeostase. Considerando o postulado acerca da tendência à atualização do ser humano, as redes interpessoais podem ser benéficas, disponibilizando suportes para atualização da pessoa, que passa a transformar sua energia em comportamento útil, favorecendo o desempenho de funções e promovendo saúde. Este estudo foi realizado sobre a metodologia de análise das redes sociais, com o objetivo de analisar a rede interpessoal dos componentes de uma equipe de Enfermagem, que atua em unidade de hematologia de um hospital-escola na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Foi realizado no ano de 2009, com 10 informantes-chaves. Os dados foram coletados no questionário gerador de nomes e qualificador da relação, processados nos programas: UCINET 6.123 e NETDRAW 2.38. O emprego da metodologia de análise de redes sociais permitiu reunir elementos elucidativos acerca da estrutura do grupo, sendo possível, a partir daí, tecer considerações acerca da posição ocupada pelos indivíduos, bem como do núcleo de relações constituído ao redor de cada um.The nursing team of the Hematology Service are constantly facing situations of intense suffering and this can affect their homeostasis. Considering the premise according to which human beings tend to upgrade themselves, interpersonal networks may be beneficial, providing support so that the person can upgrade herself, and starts to transform her energy into useful behavior, favoring the performance of duties and promoting health. This study employed the methodology of Social Network Analysis, and it aimed to analyze the interpersonal network of the members of a nursing team that work in the hematology unit of a hospital-school in the city of Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. The study was conducted in 2006, with ten key informants. Data were collected through a questionnaire that generates names and evaluates the relationship, and were processed by the programs: UCINET 6.123 and NETDRAW 2.38. The use of Social Network Analysis enabled us to learn about the structure of the group. Based on this, it was possible to make considerations about the position occupied by the individuals and about the nucleus of relationships constituted around each one of them.

In this descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach, the aim was to investigate the violence perception of children who live on the outskirts of Fortaleza, Ceará State - Brazil, in order to contribute to the debate on health care for the child and family. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed. Study participants were 20 children of both sexes, aged between 5 and 11 years. We adopted the analysis of content and thematic analysis technique, the emerged categories: Concept of violence; Practice of robberies in the community, and Drug because it’s addictive. We concluded that to understand the life quotidian of the child susceptible to violence can be considered one of the pillars in order to minimize the situation of public security.

O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de crianças com insuficiência renal crônica e identificar os domínios mais relevantes. É descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, para a qual se utilizou a aplicação do Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI). Realizado no Instituto do Rim, em Fortaleza-CE-Brasil, com 13 crianças com diagnóstico de insuficiência renal crônica. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática e do programa estatístico EXCEL. Emergiram as categorias: Dor no momento da diálise; Hospitalização; Limitações da doença e tratamento; Expectativa do transplante; e Apoio/aproximação familiar. A análise dos dados indicou que 61,53% das crianças possuem qualidade de vida regular, enquanto 38,46% têm essa qualidade prejudicada. As dimensões mais representativas foram: Lazer e Família, sendo Autonomia a dimensão mais comprometida. A qualidade de vida de criança com insuficiência renal crônica é considerada satisfatória, apesar das limitações.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cualidad de vida de niños con insuficiencia renal crónica e identificar los dominios más importantes. Es descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo, donde se utilizó la aplicación del Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI). Realizado en el Instituto del Riñón, en Fortaleza-CE-Brasil, con 13 niños con diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal crónica. Los datos fueron analizados a través de la técnica de análisis temática y del programa EXCEL. Emergieron las categorías: Dolor en el momento de la diálisis; Hospitalización; limitaciones de la enfermedad y tratamiento; expectativa del trasplante; y apoyo/aproximación familiar. El análisis de los datos indicó que 61,53% de los niños poseen una cualidad de vida regular, mientras 38,46% tienen esta cualidad perjudicada. Las dimensiones más representativas fueron: entretenimiento y familia, siendo la autonomía más afectada. La cualidad de vida de los niños con insuficiencia renal crónica es considerada satisfactoria, a pesar de las limitaciones.The study aimed to evaluate the life quality of children with chronic renal failure and identify the most relevant areas. It is descriptive, qualitative and quantitative, for which we used the implementation of Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Image (AUQEI). Held at the Kidney Institute, in Fortaleza-CE-Brazil, with 13 children diagnosed with chronic renal failure. The data were analyzed using the technique of thematic analysis and statistical program EXCEL. Categories emerged: Pain at the dialysis time; Hospitalization; Limitations of the disease and treatment; Transplant expectancy; and Support/family support. The data analysis indicated that 61.53% of children have a regular quality of life, while 38.46% have this quality impaired. The dimensions were the most representative: Recreation and Family, being Autonomy the dimension most affected. The quality of life of children with chronic renal failure is considered satisfactory, despite the limitations.

An exploratory qualitative study aiming to know mothers’ perception of quality of life of the child withcerebral palsy was developed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 mothers of children aged 2-7 years who were in attendance at the Center for Treatment and Early Stimulation, where this research was developed. Theresults were analyzed based on thematic analysis techniques, emerging the categories “Perception of Quality of Life” and“Quality of Life of the Son with Cerebral Palsy”. It was evident that the perception is associated with financial aspects, aswell as the development of activities of daily living. Mothers refer to a poor quality of life of the child, placing themselvesas responsible; they are affected by prejudice and denial process of the child with a disability, which interferes in carewithin the family. The study contributes as a reflection on the stigma imposed for children with cerebral palsy.

Objetivou-se identificar as práticas culturais em relação ao aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um PSF. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em Pentecoste, Ceará, com 15 mães que demonstraram algum fator restritivo ao aleitamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada e, após análise, emergiram as categorias empíricas: prazer em amamentar e prevenção de doenças; influência da família/comunidade; e dificuldade em manter a amamentação. As mães verbalizaram dificuldades na prática da amamentação, ausência de um suporte adequado do serviço de saúde que envolva fatores não somente biológicos, mas no âmbito social e cultural. Conclui-se que há distanciamento entre o discurso científico e as práticas culturais do dia-a-dia dessas famílias.Se objetivó identificar las prácticas culturales en relación al amamantamiento materno entre familias registradas en un PSF. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, realizado en Pentecoste, Ceará, con 15 madres que demostraron algún factor restrictivo al amamantamiento. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de observación directa y entrevista semiestructurada y, después del análisis, emergieron las categorías empíricas: placer en amamantar y prevención de enfermedades; influencia de la familia/comunidad; y dificultad en mantener el amamantamiento. Las madres verbalizaron dificultades en la práctica del amamantamiento, ausencia de un soporte adecuado del servicio de salud que contenga factores no solamente biológicos, y si también del ámbito social y cultural. Se concluye que hay un distanciamiento entre el discurso científico y las prácticas culturales de lo cotidiano de esas familias.The objective of this study was to identify the cultural practices about breastfeeding among families enrolled in a Family Health Program (FHP). This exploratory study was performed in the city of Pentecoste (Ceará, Brazil), with 15 mothers who showed some restrictive factor for breastfeeding. Data collection was through direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed empirical categories of pleasure in breastfeeding and the prevention of diseases; influence from family/community; and the difficulty to sustain breastfeeding. The mothers reported difficulties related to the practice of breastfeeding, a lack of adequate health service support involving not only biological but also social and cultural factors. There is a disconnection between the scientific discourse and families' everyday cultural practices.

The research aimed to develop educational strategies on diet during the complementary feeding and use ofregional food. Exploratory qualitative study developed in a Family Health Program in Maranguape - Ceará - Brasil. Datawere collected through a semi-structured interview with 13 mothers of children aged less than six months that wereenrolled to receive complementary feeding. The results were analyzed through Bardin’s thematic analysis, and the emergedcategories were: biological needs of the child, Feeding; and Innovating feeding with regional food. Therefore, promotinghealth of children in supplementary feeding through the use of regional food is a subject that should be disseminated,especially in the group of families that suffer with inequality in terms of social injustice

Discutir a promoção de saúde no contexto da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos/coletividade e no meio acadêmico é uma articulação política, teórica e metodológica, portanto esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre promoção da saúde registrada na Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no banco de teses da Capes e analisados 678 trabalhos registrados entre 2000 e 2004 e identificadas as categorias curso, ano, região brasileira, área de conhecimento e resumo (tipo de estudo e coleta de dados). Constatou-se a predominância do curso de mestrado acadêmico com 531 (78,2%) pesquisas; entre os anos em que foram desenvolvidas as pesquisas sobre promoção da saúde, prevaleceu o ano de 2003, com 189 (27,8%) estudos, e entre as regiões brasileiras destacou-se a região Sudeste com 411 (60,5%) trabalhos. Na categoria área de conhecimento, preponderou a Saúde Coletiva com 138 (16%) pesquisas. No resumo do qual foi extraído o tipo de estudo, destacou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com 200 (29,4%) trabalhos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a produção científica na temática de promoção de saúde encontra-se progredindo, pois, no Brasil, a Política Nacional de Promoção de Saúde regularizou-se em 2004, sendo assim uma área em evidência para atuação interdisciplinar e descoberta de novas práticas e ações em saúde.Discussing Health Promotion in the context of the quality of life of individuals / community and in the academic environment is a political, theoretical and methodological articulation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the scientific production on Health Promotion registered in Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES - Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Qualification). A systematic review into the/ CAPES thesis collection was performed and 678 works registered between 2000 and 2004 were analyzed. The following categories were identified: course, year, Brazilian region, area of knowledge and summary (type of study and data collection). The predominance of the master's academic program was verified, with 531 (78.2%) research studies; among the years in which research into Health Promotion was carried out, the year of 2003 prevailed, with 189 (27.8%) studies; and among the Brazilian regions, the Southeast region had an outstanding participation, with 411 (60.5%) works. In the category area of knowledge, Public Health predominated, with 138 (16%) studies. In the summary, from which the type of study was extracted, qualitative research prevailed, with 200 (29.4%) works. It is concluded that the scientific production in the theme of Health Promotion is progressing because, in Brazil, the National Policy for Health Promotion was regulated in 2004; therefore, it is an adequate area for interdisciplinary work and discovery of new health practices and actions.

Objetivou-se identificar o fator cultural que interfere no cuidado do filho desnutrido e propor ações de Educação Popular em Saúde na assistência à criança desnutrida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação desenvolvida no Núcleo de Atenção Médica Integrada – NAMI, realizada no período de janeiro a julho de 2008. Participaram deste estudo oito mães e um pai, cujas idades variavam de 20 a 48 anos. A coleta de dados realizou-se mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas e oficinas educativas, em que se utilizou análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Após organização dos resultados, foram identificadas as categorias: uma desnutrição desconhecida; oficinas educativas e saber popular; consciência do cuidado. O resultado aponta para uma nova consciência no cuidado com o filho desnutrido na cultura da comunidade. Recomendam-se intervenções de Educação Popular em Saúde adequadas para grupos culturalmente distintos. Nesta perspectiva, há de seconsiderar o conjunto de propostas, viabilizando e incentivando a Educação Popular, para buscar mudanças na constituição de novos sujeitos e práticas comprometidas com o rompimento das barreiras sociais, econômicas e políticas.This study aimed to identify the cultural factor that interferes with the care of undernourished children and to propose actions of Popular Health Education in the assistance of undernourished children. It regards an action research developed at the Nucleus of Integrated Medical Attention – NAMI, performed between January and July 2008. Eight mothers and one father took part in the study, with ages varying from 20 to 48 years old. The data collection took place by means of semi-structured interviews and educational workshops, which were used in the Bardin content analysis. After organizing the result, the following categories were identified: unknown malnutrition; educative workshops and popular knowledge; conscience of care. The results point to a new conscience at the care ofundernourished children in the community culture. interventions of Popular Health Education adjusted to culturally distinct groups are recommended. In this perspective, the proposals must be considered, making possible and stimulating Popular Education, searching for changes in the constitution of new subjects and citizens and committed to the overcoming of social, economic and political barriers.

El propósito de este estudio cualitativo fue identificar los factores relacionados con el destete antes de tiempo entre niños menores de seis meses de vida. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de entrevista estructurada en parte y con la participación de 20 madres de niños menores de seis meses en proceso de destete antes de tiempo, entre los meses de agosto a noviembre del 2007. Los resultados señalaron algunos factores que interfieren en la lactación materna exclusiva: la interpretación equivocada del llanto del lactante relacionándolo a estar con hambre; insuficiencia de leche materna; la necesidad de trabajar que tienen esas madres ya que ayudan con los gastos de la casa; dificultades relacionadas con las mamas; rechazo del pecho por parte del niño. Se concluyó que, a pesar de la madre saber sobre los beneficios de la leche materna y la importancia de amamantarlos exclusivamente durante los seis meses de vida, ellas viven algunas dificultades, en las cuales se notan contra- dicciones entre posicionamientos favorables y desfavorables, dudas y dificultades en la práctica de la lactación materna.

Objetivamos analisar a tendência das pesquisas desenvolvidas pela enfermagem no âmbito internacional. Dados obtidos de duas revistas da área de enfermagem, tendo sido analisados 104 artigos, sendo 56 da revista Nursing and Health Sciences e 48 do Journal of Research in Nursings publicados no período de 2005 a 2006. As áreas temáticas mais pesquisadas foram: formação profissional (19,2 %), seguida de saúde do adulto (11%), saúde coletiva (11%) e Cuidado e Autonomia (9,6 %). Existe tendência maior da coleta de dados realizada na área hospitalar (42,3%), seguida do ensino (34,7%) e saúde pública (23%). Consideramos que os artigos pesquisados revelam tendência a abordagem qualitativa, entretanto, o estudo revela necessidade de expandir algumas áreas como gestão e gerenciamento.El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia de las investigaciones desarrolladas por la enfermería en el ámbito internacional. Datos obtenidos de dos revistas del área de enfermería, en total fueron analizados 104 artículos, siendo 56 de la revista Nursing and Health Sciences y 48 del Journal of Research in Nursings publicados en el periodo de 2005 a 2006. Las áreas temáticas más investigadas fueron: formación profesional (19,2 %), seguida de salud del adulto (11%), salud colectiva (11%) y Cuidado y Autonomía (9,6 %). Existe una mayor tendencia de colecta de datos realizada en el área hospitalaria (42,3%), seguida de enseñanza (34,7%) y salud pública (23%). Consideramos que los artículos investigados revelan tendencia al abordaje cualitativo, sin embargo, el estudio revela la necesidad de expandir algunas áreas como gestión y la gerencia.It was aimed to analyze the research tendency developed by nursing in international scope. Obtained data of two nursing journals were analyzed from the total of 104 articles, being 58 of the Nursing and Health Sciences and 48 of the Journal of Research in Nursing published in the period of 2005 the 2006. The most investigated thematic areas are: professional formation (19.2%), adult health (11%), collective health (11%) and Care and Autonomy (9.6%). A major tendency of data collection carried outin hospital area (42.3%), teaching (34.7%), and public health (23%). We consider that the articles under analysis reveal tendency for qualitative approach, however, the study reveals the need to expand some areas such as the management.

We aimed to identify mothers’ knowledge on breastfeeding, and to investigate maternal feelings regardingthis practice. Descriptive exploratory study, with qualitative approach, carried out at the Teaching Maternity HospitalAssis Chateaubriand , in Fortaleza-Ceará State/Brazil. The subjects were 10 mothers assisted by the hospital professionals.Data collection was held from July to August/2005, with participant observation and semi-structured interview. Thecontent was grouped in the categories: Received guidance by the service; Advantages x disadvantages; Breastfeedingduration; Breastfeeding feeling. The gathered data to apprehend that the women are aware of the benefits but complainthat breastfeeding is difficult, contributing for the complementary food introduction, thus impairing child growth anddevelopment. We conclude that health education strategies are important, as they enable to develop educational activities

OBJETIVO: Analisar os significados culturais da asma infantil com origem na mãe-cuidadora. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em 2004, no município de Fortaleza, CE. Foi utilizada a observação participante com abordagem etnográfica e entrevistas com sete mães acompanhantes de seus filhos em unidade de emergência hospitalar. Os significados das falas das mães foram identificados utilizando-se a técnica de análise temática. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas duas categorias de discussão; na primeira, "desinformação sobre a doença", foi possível perceber que as mães não são informadas sobre a doença do filho. Na segunda categoria, "cuidado cultural", as mães referem informações sobre os cuidados e utilizam recursos do saber popular para prevenir a asma dos filhos, como o cuidado ambiental e a utilização de remédios caseiros à base de plantas medicinais. CONCLUSÕES: As características de desinformação e desconhecimento materno em relação à asma do filho mostram a necessidade de haver um trabalho educativo intenso, dialógico e problematizador em estreita colaboração com o tratamento, visando à melhoria do prognóstico da doença.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cultural meanings of infantile asthma from the perspective of the mother/carer of the child. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative research conducted in 2004, in the city of Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil). An ethnographic approach was utilized, consisting of participant observation and interviews with seven mothers, accompanying their children in a hospital emergency ward. Thematic analysis was the technique employed when identifying the meanings of mothers' discourse. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Two discussion categories were identified: "disinformation on illness" in which it was possible to perceive that the mothers were not informed with respect to their children's illness; and "cultural care" in which they relate information on caretaking and they use resources of popular knowledge to prevent their children's asthma, such as environmental care and the use of popular remedies, based on medicinal plants. CONCLUSIONS: The disinformation and lack of maternal knowledge on infantile asthma among the mothers indicate the need for an intense educational program, problematizing in nature and based on dialogue, conducted in close collaboration with the treatment aimed at improving the prognosis of the disease.