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1. World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: part two

Author

Carolyn Ee, Sharmala Thuraisingam, Marie Pirotta, Simon French, Charlie Xue, Helena Teede, Agnete E. Kristoffersen, Fuschia Sirois, Trine Stub, Jennifer Engler, Stefanie Joos, Corina Güthlin, Jennifer Felenda, Christiane Beckmann, Florian Stintzing, Roni Evans, Gert Bronfort, Daniel Keefe, Anna Taberko, Linda Hanson, Alex Haley, Haiwei Ma, Joseph Jolton, Lana Yarosh, Francis Keefe, Jung Nam, Liwanag Ojala, Mary J. Kreitzer, Careen Fink, Karin Kraft, Andrew Flower, George Lewith, Kim Harman, Beth Stuart, Felicity L. Bishop, Jane Frawley, Lilla Füleki, Eva Kiss, Tamas Vancsik, Tibor Krenacs, Martha Funabashi, Katherine A. Pohlman, Silvano Mior, Haymo Thiel, Michael D. Hill, David J. Cassidy, Michael Westaway, Jerome Yager, Eric Hurwitz, Gregory N. Kawchuk, Maeve O’Beirne, Sunita Vohra, Isabelle Gaboury, Chantal Morin, Katharina Gaertner, Loredana Torchetti, Martin Frei-Erb, Michael Kundi, Michael Frass, Eugenia Gallo, Valentina Maggini, Mattia Comite, Francesco Sofi, Sonia Baccetti, Alfredo Vannacci, Mariella Di Stefano, Maria V. Monechi, Luigi Gori, Elio Rossi, Fabio Firenzuoli, Rocco D. Mediati, Giovanna Ballerini, Paula Gardiner, Anna S. Lestoquoy, Lily Negash, Sarah Stillman, Prachi Shah, Jane Liebschutz, Pamela Adelstein, Christine Farrell-Riley, Ivy Brackup, Brian Penti, Robert Saper, Isabel Giralt Sampedro, Gilda Carvajal, Andreas Gleiss, Marie M. Gross, Dorothea Brendlin, Jonas Röttger, Wiebke Stritter, Georg Seifert, Noelle Grzanna, Rainer Stange, Peter W. Guendling, Wen Gu, Yan Lu, Jie Wang, Chengcheng Zhang, Hua Bai, Yuxi He, Xiaoxu Zhang, Zhengju Zhang, Dali Wang, Fengxian Meng, Alexander Hagel, Heinz Albrecht, Claudia Vollbracht, Wolfgang Dauth, Wolfgang Hagel, Francesco Vitali, Ingo Ganzleben, Hans Schultis, Peter Konturek, Jürgen Stein, Markus Neurath, Martin Raithel, Bianka Krick, Heidemarie Haller, Petra Klose, Gustav Dobos, Sherko Kümmel, Holger Cramer, Felix J. Saha, Anna Kowoll, Barbara Ebner, Bettina Berger, Kyung-Eun Choi, Lisha He, Han Wang, X. He, C. Gu, Y. Zhang, Linhua Zhao, Xiaolin Tong, Xinhui He, Chengjuan Gu, Ying Zhang, Robin S. T. Ho, Vincent C. H. Chung, Xinyin Wu, Charlene H. L. Wong, Justin C. Y. Wu, Samuel Y. S. Wong, Alexander Y. L. Lau, Regina W. S. Sit, Wendy Wong, Michelle Holmes, Felicity Bishop, Lynn Calman, Dave Newell, Jonathan Field, Win L. Htut, Dongwoon Han, Da I. Choi, Soo J. Choi, Ha Y. Kim, Jung H. Hwang, Ching W. Huang, Bo H. Jang, Fang P. Chen, Seong G. Ko, Wenjing Huang, De Jin, Fengmei Lian, Soobin Jang, Kyeong H. Kim, Eun K. Lee, Seung H. Sun, Ho Y. Go, Youme Ko, Sunju Park, Yong C. Shin, Hubert Janik, Natalie Greiffenhagen, Jürgen Bolte, Mariusz Jaworski, Miroslawa Adamus, Aleksandra Dobrzynska, Michael Jeitler, Jessica Jaspers, Christel von Scheidt, Barbara Koch, Andreas Michalsen, Nico Steckhan, Christian Kessler, Wen-jing Huang, Bing Pang, Feng-Mei Lian, Miek Jong, Erik Baars, Anja Glockmann, Harald Hamre, Mosaburo Kainuma, Aya Murakami, Toshio Kubota, Daisuke Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Sumoto, Norihiro Furusyo, Shin-Ichi Ando, Takao Shimazoe, Olaf Kelber, S. Verjee, Eva Gorgus, Dieter Schrenk, Kathi Kemper, Ellie Hill, Nisha Rao, Gregg Gascon, John Mahan, Gunver Kienle, Jörg Dietrich, Claudia Schmoor, Roman Huber, Weon H. Kim, Mansoor Ahmed, Luzhu He, Jung Hye Hwang, Nora Meggyeshazi, Csaba Kovago, Anne K. Klaus, Roland Zerm, Danilo Pranga, Thomas Ostermann, Marcus Reif, Hans Broder von Laue, Benno Brinkhaus, Matthias Kröz, Daniela Rodrigues Recchia, Hans B. von Laue, Christien T. Klein-Laansma, Mats Jong, Cornelia von Hagens, Jean P. Jansen, Herman van Wietmarschen, Miek C. Jong, Seung-Ho Sun, Ho-Yeon Go, Chan-Yong Jeon, Yun-Kyung Song, Seong-Gyu Ko, Anna K. Koch, Sybille Rabsilber, Romy Lauche, Jost Langhorst, Milena Trifunovic-Koenig, Evi Koster, Diana Delnoij, Lena Kroll, Kathrin Weiss, Ai Kubo, Sarah Hendlish, Andrea Altschuler, Nancy Connolly, Andy Avins, Jon Wardle, David Lee, David Sibbritt, Jon Adams, Crystal Park, Gita Mishra, Johann Lechner, Inseon Lee, Younbyoung Chae, Jisu Lee, Seung H. Cho, Yujin Choi, Jee Y. Lee, Han S. Ryu, Sung S. Yoon, Hye K. Oh, Lyun K. Hyun, Jin O. Kim, Seong W. Yoon, Ju-Yeon Lee, Sang-Hoon Shin, Min Jang, Indra Müller, So-Hyun Janson Park, Lance Laird, Suzanne Mitchell, Xiaofei Li, Yunhui Wang, Jianhua Zhen, He Yu, Tiegang Liu, Xiaohong Gu, Hui Liu, Weiguo Ma, Xuezheng Shang, Yu Bai, Wei Liu, Collin Rooney, Amos Smith, Shirlene Lopes, Marcelo Demarzo, Maria do Patrocínio Nunes, Peter Lorenz, Carsten Gründemann, Miriam Heinrich, Manuel Garcia-Käufer, Franziska Grunewald, Silke Messerschmidt, Anja Herrick, Kim Gruber, Matthias Knödler, Carmen Steinborn, Taoying Lu, Lixin Wang, Darong Wu, Christina M Luberto, Daniel L. Hall, Emma Chad-Friedman, Suzanne Lechner, Elyse R. Park, Christina M. Luberto, Elyse Park, Janice Goodman, Sonja Luer, Matthias Heri, Klaus von Ammon, Ida Landini, Andrea Lapucci, Stefania Nobili, Enrico Mini, Clare McDermott, Selwyn Richards, Diane Cox, Sarah Frossell, Geraldine Leydon, Caroline Eyles, Hilly Raphael, Rachael Rogers, Michelle Selby, Charlotte Adler, Jo Allam, Xiangwei Bu, Honghong Zhang, Jianpeng Zhang, Michael Mikolasek, Jonas Berg, Claudia Witt, Jürgen Barth, Ivan Miskulin, Zdenka Lalic, Maja Miskulin, Albina Dumic, Damir Sebo, Aleksandar Vcev, Nasr A. A. Mohammed, Soo Jeung Choi, Hyea Bin Im, Anwesha Mukherjee, Amit Kandhare, Subhash Bodhankar, Prasad Thakurdesai, Niki Munk, Erica Evans, Amanda Froman, Matthew Kline, Matthew J. Bair, Frauke Musial, Terje Alræk, Harald J. Hamre, Lars Björkman, Vinjar M. Fønnebø, Feng-mei Lian, Qing Ni, Xiao-lin Tong, Xin-long Li, Wen-ke Liu, Shuo Feng, Xi-yan Zhao, Yu-jiao Zheng, Xue-min Zhao, Yi-qun Lin, Tian-yu Zhao, Xi-Yan Zhao, Hui Che Phd, Chen Zhang, Feng Liu, Lin-hua Zhao, Ru Ye, Cheng-juan Gu, Wenbo Peng, Diana De Carvalho, Mohamed El-Bayoumi, Bob Haig, Kimbalin Kelly, Darrell J. Wade, Emanuela Portalupi, Giampietro Gobo, Luigi Bellavita, Chiara Guglielmetti, Christa Raak, Myriam Teuber, Friedrich Molsberger, Ulrich von Rath, Ulrike Reichelt, Uta Schwanebeck, Sabine Zeil, Christian Vogelberg, Dolores Rodríguez Veintimilla, Guerrero Tapia Mery, Marisol Maldonado Villavicencio, Sandra Herrera Moran, Christian Sachse, Peter W Gündlin, Monirsadat Sahebkarkhorasani, Hoda Azizi, Dania Schumann, Tobias Sundberg, Matthew J. Leach, Susana Seca, Henry Greten, Sugir Selliah, Anu Shakya, Ha Yun Kim, Hyea B. Im, Anna Sherbakova, Gudrun Ulrich-Merzenich, Heba Abdel-Aziz, Erica Sibinga, Lindsey Webb, Jonathan Ellen, Kari Skrautvol, Dagfinn Nåden, Rhayun Song, Weronika Grabowska, Kamila Osypiuk, Gloria V. Diaz, Paolo Bonato, Moonkyoung Park, Jeffrey Hausdorff, Michael Fox, Lewis R. Sudarsky, Daniel Tarsy, James Novakowski, Eric A. Macklin, Peter M. Wayne, Inok Hwang, Sukhee Ahn, Myung-Ah Lee, Min K. Sohn, Oleg Sorokin, Dagmar Heydeck, Astrid Borchert, Christoph-Daniel Hohmann, Harmut Kühn, Clemens Kirschbaum, Tobias Stalder, Barbara Stöckigt, Michael Teut, Ralf Suhr, Daniela Sulmann, Chris Streeter, Patrica Gerbarg, Marisa Silveri, Richard Brown, John Jensen, Britta Rutert, Angelika Eggert, Alfred Längler, Christine Holmberg, Jin Sun, Xin Deng, Wen-Yuan Li, Bin Wen, Nicola Robinson, Jian-Ping Liu, Hyun K. Sung, Narae Yang, Seon M. Shin, Hee Jung, Young J. Kim, Woo S. Jung, Tae Y. Park, Kiyoshi Suzuki, Toshinori Ito, Seiya Uchida, Seika Kamohara, Naoya Ono, Mitsuyuki Takamura, Ayumu Yokochi, Kazuo Maruyama, Patricio Tapia, Katarzyna Thabaut, Anja Thronicke, Megan Steele, Harald Matthes, Cornelia Herbstreit, Friedemann Schad, Jiaxing Tian, Libo Yang, Tian Tian, Hewei Zhang, Xia Tian, CongCong Wang, Qian Yun Chai, Lijuan Zhang, Ruyu Xia, Na Huang, Yutong Fei, Jianpin Liu, Natalie Trent, Mindy Miraglia, Jeffrey Dusek, Edi Pasalis, Sat B. Khalsa, Milena Trifunovic-König, Anna Koch, Lisa Uebelacker, Geoffrey Tremont, Lee Gillette, Gary Epstein-Lubow, David Strong, Ana Abrantes, Audrey Tyrka, Tanya Tran, Brandon Gaudiano, Ivan Miller, Gerhild Ullmann, Yuhua Li, Sujata Vaidya, Vinod Marathe, Ana C. Vale, Jacquelyne Motta, Fabíola Donadão, Angela C. Valente, Luana C. Carvalho Valente, Ricardo Ghelman, Dusan Vesovic, Dragan Jevdic, Aleksandar Jevdic, Katarina Jevdic, Mihael Djacic, Dragica Letic, Drago Bozic, Marija Markovic, Slobodan Dunjic, Gordana Ruscuklic, Dezire Baksa, Kenan Vrca, Ann Vincent, Dietlind Wahner-Roedler, Mary Whipple, Maria M. Vogelius, Iris Friesecke, Peter W. Gündling, Saswati Mahapatra, Rebecca Hynes, Kimberly Van Rooy, Sherry Looker, Aditya Ghosh, Brent Bauer, Susanne Cutshall, Harald Walach, Ana Borges Flores, Michael Ofner, Andreas Kastner, Gerhard Schwarzl, Hermann Schwameder, Nathalie Alexander, Gerda Strutzenberger, Xianwei Bu, Jianping Zhang, Shang Wang, Jinfeng Shi, Yu Hao, Jun Wu, Zeji Qiu, Yuh-Hai Wang, Chi-Jung Lou, Sam Watts, Peter Wayne, Gloria Vergara-Diaz, Brian Gow, Jose Miranda, Lewis Sudarsky, Eric Macklin, Kathrin Wode, Jenny Bergqvist, Britt-Marie Bernhardsson, Johanna Hök Nordberg, Lena Sharp, Roger Henriksson, Yeonju Woo, Min K. Hyun, Hao Wu, Tian-Fang Wang, Yan Zhao, Yu Wei, Lei Tian, Lei He, Xue Wang, Ruohan Wu, Mei Han, Patrina H. Y. Caldwell, Shigang Liu, Jing Zhang, Jianping Liu, Qianyun Chai, Zhongning Guo, Congcong Wang, Zhijun Liu, Xun Li, I. J. Yang, V. Ruberio Lincha, S. H. Ahn, D. U. Lee, H. M. Shin, Lu Yang, N. Yang, H. Sung, S. M. Shin, H. Y. Go, H. Jung, Y. Kim, T. Y. Park, Angela Yap, Yu H. Kwan, Chuen S. Tan, Syed Ibrahim, Seng B. Ang, Alfred Yayi, Jeong E. Yoo, Ho R. Yoo, Sae B. Jang, Hye L. Lee, Ala’a Youssef, Shahira Ezzat, Amira Abdel Motaal, Hesham El-Askary, Xiaotong Yu, Yashan Cui, Younghee Yun, Jin-Hyang Ahn, Bo-Hyung Jang, Kyu-Seok Kim, Inhwa Choi, Augustina Glinz, Fadime ten Brink, Arnd Büssing, Christoph Gutenbrunner, Bert Helbrecht, Tiesheng Fang, Fengxion Meng, Zhiming Shen, Ruixin Zhang, Fan Wu, Ming Li, Xinyun Xuan, Xueyong Shen, Ke Ren, Brian Berman, Zian Zheng, Yuxiang Wan, Xueyan Ma, Fei Dong, Suzie Zick, Richard Harris, Go E. Bae, Jung N. Kwon, Hye Y. Lee, Jong K. Nam, Sang D. Lee, Dong H. Lee, Ji Y. Han, Young J. Yun, Ji H. Lee, Hye L. Park, Seong H. Park, Chiara Bocci, Giovanni B. Ivaldi, Ilaria Vietti, Ilaria Meaglia, Marta Guffi, Rubina Ruggiero, Marita Gualea, Emanuela Longa, Massimo Bonucci, Sarah Croke, Lourdes Diaz Rodriguez, Juan C. Caracuel-Martínez, Manuel F. Fajardo-Rodríguez, Angélica Ariza-García, Francisca García-De la Fuente, Manuel Arroyo-Morales, Maria S. Estrems, Vicente G. Gómez, Mónica Valero Sabater, Rosaria Ferreri, Simonetta Bernardini, Roberto Pulcri, Franco Cracolici, Massimo Rinaldi, Claudio Porciani, Peter Fisher, John Hughes, Ariadna Mendoza, Hugh MacPherson, Jacqueline Filshie, Antonia Di Francesco, Alberto Bernardini, Monica Messe, Vincenzo Primitivo, Piera A. Iasella, Monica Taminato, Jaqueline Do Carmo Alcantara, Katia R. De Oliveira, Debora C. De Azevedo Rodrigues, Juliana R. Campana Mumme, Olga K. Matsumoto Sunakozawa, Vicente Odone Filho, Joshua Goldenberg, Andrew Day, Masa Sasagawa, Lesley Ward, Kieran Cooley, Thora Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg Hjaltadottir, Mahdie Hajimonfarednejad, Nicole Hannan, Rut Hellsing, Susanne Andermo, Maria Arman, Iris von Hörsten, Patricia Vásquez Torrielo, Carmen L. Andrade Vilaró, Francisco Cerda Cabrera, Henny Hui, Eric Ziea, Dora Tsui, Joyce Hsieh, Christine Lam, Edith Chan, Mark P. Jensen, Samuel L. Battalio, Joy Chan, Karlyn A. Edwards, Kevin J. Gertz, Melissa A. Day, Leslie H. Sherlin, Dawn M. Ehde, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Anja Börner, Jihong Lee, Boram Lee, Gyu T. Chang, Alejandra Menassa, Yoshiharu Motoo, Jürgen Müller, Sabine Rabini, Bettina Vinson, Martin Storr, Martin Niemeijer, Joop Hoekman, Wied Ruijssenaaars, Faith C. Njoku, Arne J. Norheim, Filiz Okumus, and Halime Oncu-Celik

Subjects
Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Published
2017
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2. Characterization of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) macerates prepared with different fatty oils upon processing and storage

Author

Rolf Daniels, Florian C. Stintzing, Veronika Vikuk, Dietmar R. Kammerer, and Miriam Heinrich

Subjects
Adhyperforin, chemistry.chemical_classification, food.ingredient, Chromatography, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Hypericum perforatum, Cold storage, Plant Science, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Macadamia nut, 0104 chemical sciences, Hypericin, 03 medical and health sciences, Hyperforin, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Flavonols, food, Phytochemical, Food science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort, SJW) is a traditional medicinal plant with a long history of pharmaceutical application. Today, besides formulations based on hydro-alcoholic extracts, lipophilic SJW preparations are widely used in phytomedicine e.g. for the symptomatic treatment of minor inflammations of the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. In the present study, SJW extracts were obtained with twelve different fatty oils according to a standardized protocol. In order to evaluate and compare the resulting macerates, a set of analytical parameters was chosen: the phytochemical profile of SJW oil extracts comprising acylphloroglucinol derivatives, flavonols, biflavones and naphthodianthrones was assessed using UHPLC-DAD and UV/VIS-spectroscopic methods Furthermore, overall appearance was monitored applying the CIE L*a*b* color system. Depending on the type of oil applied for extraction, a*-values, which are a measure of red color hues, ranged from 50.3 ± 0.2 (almond oil) to −3.8 ± 0.3 (macadamia nut oil). Considering total hypericin contents, extraction with almond oil also brought about highest amounts (5.5 ± 0.21 mg/100 g). In contrast, preparations with macadamia nut oil resulted in highest contents of hyperforin and adhyperforin, whereas a semi-synthetic extractant composed of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) revealed highest yields of flavonoids, i.e. quercetin, kaempferol and I3, II8-biapigenin. Since the phytochemical composition and the corresponding specific characteristics of SJW oil preparations markedly differed, tailor-made SJW extracts may be prepared by systematic adaption of the manufacturing conditions, including the choice of a specific fatty oil. Additionally, SJW oil extracts were stored under different temperature (5 °C, 20 °C, 50 °C) and light (artificial light, darkness) regimes over a period of six months to evaluate their respective storage stability. For maximizing the retention of the investigated plant secondary metabolites in the corresponding oil extracts, cold storage (5 °C) under the exclusion of light is recommended.

Published
2017

3. Constituents from oak bark (Quercus robur L.) inhibit degranulation and allergic mediator release from basophils and mast cells in vitro

Author

Silke Messerschmidt, Miriam Heinrich, Kim Gruber, Franziska Grunewald, Manuel Garcia-Käufer, Carsten Gründemann, Florian C. Stintzing, Carmen Steinborn, Christiane Beckmann, Roman Huber, Matthias Knoedler, Peter Lorenz, and Anja Herrick

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Allergy, Cell Degranulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmacology, 01 natural sciences, Quercus, 03 medical and health sciences, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Tannin, Mast Cells, chemistry.chemical_classification, Traditional medicine, Plant Extracts, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Degranulation, Allergens, medicine.disease, Basophils, Rats, 0104 chemical sciences, Basophilic, 030104 developmental biology, Cytokine, chemistry, Polyphenol, visual_art, Plant Bark, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark, business, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance Oak bark has been used since ancient times in Europaen ethnomedicine because of its adstringent, antimicrobial and hemostatic features, e.g. as a remedy for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases. Purpose Oak bark tannins are considered as bioactive natural products, interacting with surface proteins of mucous membranes and might be beneficial for the treatment of allergic diseases. This study investigated the effect of an oak bark decoction (OBD) and isolated tannin fractions on the degranulation capacity and cytokine/chemokine release from rat basophilic cells and human mast cells in vitro, which are essential for the initiation of early- and late-phase allergic reactions. Methods and methods By chromatographic separation on Sephadex® LH-20 high- and low-molecular weight tannins were separated from OBD and the tannin composition analyzed by HPLC(DAD)-MSn. Then, the OBD and its fractions were tested in degranulation (β-hexosaminidase activity) of allergen-specific-activated basophilic cells in a photometric assay. Results The OBD and the high-molecular tannin fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell degranulation. Furthermore, the OBD and particularly its high molecular weight tannin fraction exhibited an inhibitory activity on the IL-8-, IL-6- and TNF-α-secretion from stimulated human mast cells, detected and quantified by ELISA. Conclusion The OBD and its high-molecular weight tannins revealed an impact on allergic mediator release of basophilic cells and human mast cells and thereby provide a rationale for the topical treatment with OBD preparations.

Published
2016

4. Structure Elucidation of the Main Tetrahydroxyxanthones of Hypericum Seeds and Investigations into the Testa Structure

Author

Annerose Heller, Marek Bunse, Florian C. Stintzing, Melanie Berger, Dietmar R. Kammerer, Jürgen Conrad, Peter Lorenz, and Miriam Heinrich

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Xanthones, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Molecular Biology, Chromatography, biology, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Silica gel, Plant Extracts, Extraction (chemistry), Hypericum perforatum, Total synthesis, General Chemistry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Williamson ether synthesis, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Polyamide, Seeds, Molecular Medicine, Hypericum
Abstract

Seeds from Hypericum species have recently been identified as an interesting source of xanthone derivatives. Extraction of seeds from H. perforatum with MeOH and subsequent concentration via polyamide adsorption yielded a fraction enriched in tetrahydroxyxanthones (THX), which were further semipurified by silica gel chromatography. Based on tentative structure assignment of the two main THX X1 and X2 by NMR a total synthesis was performed for both compounds (THX 1 and 2, respectively), starting with an Ullmann ether synthesis. The synthesized 1 and 2 were characterized via 1D- and 2D-NMR methods as well as by LC/HR-MS analysis and proven to be 1,4,6,7-THX (1) and 1,2,6,7-THX (2). Final structure assignment of the natural Hypericum THX constituents was accomplished by comparing chromatographic and spectroscopic data (LC/MSn and GC/MS) with those of 1 and 2 which were obtained by synthesis. Beyond, investigations into the seeds of H. perforatum and H. tetrapterum by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided insights of the structure of the testa (seed coat), which is established by two cell layers, with the lignified sclerenchyma presumably being the depository of the xanthones.

Published
2018

5. Lipid and Phenolic Constituents from Seeds of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. and their Antioxidant Activity

Author

Miriam Heinrich, Peter Lorenz, Dietmar R. Kammerer, Rolf Daniels, and Florian C. Stintzing

Subjects
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Antioxidant, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, DPPH, Linoleic acid, medicine.medical_treatment, Xanthones, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phenols, Xanthone, medicine, Organic chemistry, Molecular Biology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Plant Extracts, Hypericum tetrapterum, Hypericum perforatum, Fatty acid, General Chemistry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry, Seeds, Molecular Medicine, Trolox, Oxidation-Reduction, Hypericum
Abstract

Seeds of Hypericum perforatum and H. tetrapterum were extracted with dichloromethane and methanol and investigated by chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Both species yielded a fatty oil fraction amounting to 30.5% and 18.0% of the seed weight, respectively. Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was shown to be the predominant fatty acid constituent. Moreover, xanthone derivatives, i.e. tetrahydroxyxanthones (THX), xanthone-glycosides and xanthone-sulfonates, were assigned in methanolic extracts. For structure elucidation, one representative xanthone, namely 1,3,6,7-THX, was synthesized and analyzed via HPLC-DAD/MSn and GC/MS. Total THX contents were quantitated applying a validated HPLC-DAD method, resulting in 1.25 g/kg (H. perforatum) and 0.27 g/kg (H. tetrapterum), respectively. Moreover, the free radical scavenging capacity of the methanol extracts was tested using the DPPH antioxidant assay. Both, H. perforatum (IC50 = 8.7 mg/l) and 1,3,6,7-THX (IC50 = 3.0 mg/l), exhibited good DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to Trolox (IC50 = 6.6 mg/l).

Published
2017

6. Genotoxicity assessment of selected plant extracts

Author

Peter Vögele, Miriam Heinrich, Florian C. Stintzing, Claudia Turek, and Nora Mörbt

Subjects
Traditional medicine, medicine, General Medicine, Biology, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Genotoxicity
Published
2017

7. Comprehensive Characterisation ofn-Alkylresorcinols and Other Lipid Constituents ofMercurialis tomentosaL. from Alicante, Spain

Author

Annerose Heller, Miriam Heinrich, Florian C. Stintzing, Peter Lorenz, Jürgen Conrad, and Dietmar R. Kammerer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Antioxidant, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Organic chemistry, Molecular Biology, Benzoic acid, Natural product, Plant Extracts, 010405 organic chemistry, Euphorbiaceae, Total synthesis, Resorcinols, General Chemistry, General Medicine, Lipids, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Phytochemical, Spain, Chemotaxonomy, Molecular Medicine, Trolox, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Mercurialis tomentosa L. has been used in Spanish ethnomedicine. In the present study the first phytochemical characterisation of a lipid fraction from M. tomentosa was performed. The CHCl3 extraction of aerial parts from M. tomentosa and GC-MS investigations revealed the occurrence of cuticular lipid and wax constituents, like long chain n-alcohols and n-aldehydes (C22-C30), besides several aromatic constituents, i.e. phenylpropanoids and n-alkylresorcinols. The latter were further purified by CC and analysed by LC-MSn. In contrast to other Mercurialis species, i.e. M. annua, M. perennis, which exclusively contain 5-n-alkylresorcinols (1a-j, Cn), mainly 5-n-alkyl-2-methylresorcinols (2a-j, Cn*) with side chain lengths of C15-C25 were found in M. tomentosa, in addition to 1a-j. Thus, the latter compounds may be utilised for analytical characterisation and authentication of M. tomentosa based on fingerprinting methods. For structure elucidation a novel facile total synthesis of one representative 5-n-alkyl-2-methylresorcinol homologue (2d, C19*) was developed, starting with a Grignard reaction from a substituted benzoic acid chloride (19). The compound obtained by synthesis was identical to the natural product 2d in terms of its chromatographic and spectroscopic features. Futhermore, 2d exhibited satisfactory DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 37.8 μM) when compared to trolox (IC50 = 21.0 μM), corroborating the antioxidant features of these amphipathic molecules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

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