1. Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar
- Author
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Amal Arachiche, Mireille Mialy Rakotomalala, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Anne Boland, Mark Stoneking, Nelly Ranaivo Rabetokotany, Sander Adelaar, Sendra Lejamble, Laure Tonaso, Fulgence Fanony, Miakabola Andriamampianina Raharijesy, Olivier Thomas, Jean-François Deleuze, Herawati Sudoyo, François-Xavier Ricaut, Thierry Letellier, Lolona Razafindralambo, Philippe Grange, Bodo Ravololomanga, Chantal Radimilahy, Margit Heiske, Bako Rasoarifetra, Ramilisonina, Ahmed Mohamed Abdallah, Shengyu Ni, Jean-Aimé Rakotoarisoa, Lucien M.A. Rakotozafy, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Harilanto Razafindrazaka, Pradiptajati Kusuma, Ignace Rakoto, Denis Pierron, Nicolas Brucato, Philippe Beaujard, Michel Razafiarivony, Christophe Rocher, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université d'Antananarivo, Physiopathologie mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology [Jakarta], Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Mathematics, Islamic University of Indonesia, Islamic University of Indonesia, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR), University of Melbourne, ANR-12-PDOC-0037,GENO-MIX,Admixture fonctionnelle : étude génomique des adaptations métaboliques lors d'un mélange de population.(2012), ANR-14-CE31-0013,OCEOADAPTO,Histoire des populations dans l'Océan Indien : Adaptation biologique des populations issu de la traite des esclaves et de la dispersion indonésienne vers Madagascar(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, RICAUT, FRANCOIS-XAVIER, Retour Post-Doctorant - Admixture fonctionnelle : étude génomique des adaptations métaboliques lors d'un mélange de population. - - GENO-MIX2012 - ANR-12-PDOC-0037 - PDOC - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Histoire des populations dans l'Océan Indien : Adaptation biologique des populations issu de la traite des esclaves et de la dispersion indonésienne vers Madagascar - - OCEOADAPTO2014 - ANR-14-CE31-0013 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Population ,Ethnic group ,Black People ,Distribution (economics) ,Bantu languages ,030105 genetics & heredity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Asian People ,parasitic diseases ,Ethnicity ,Madagascar ,Humans ,genetics ,Colonization ,proto-globalization ,education ,Indian Ocean ,Malagasy origins ,Aged ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle East ,Genome, Human ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Genetic Variation ,genome-wide data ,Middle Aged ,Genealogy ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,PNAS Plus ,Genetic structure ,Female ,business ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
International audience; Although situated ∼400 km from the east coast of Africa, Madagascar exhibits cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits from both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. The settlement history remains contentious; we therefore used a grid-based approach to sample at high resolution the genomic diversity (including maternal lineages, paternal lineages, and genome-wide data) across 257 villages and 2,704 Malagasy individuals. We find a common Bantu and Austronesian descent for all Malagasy individuals with a limited paternal contribution from Europe and the Middle East. Admixture and demographic growth happened recently, suggesting a rapid settlement of Madagascar during the last millennium. However, the distribution of African and Asian ancestry across the island reveals that the admixture was sex biased and happened heterogeneously across Madagascar, suggesting independent colonization of Madagascar from Africa and Asia rather than settlement by an already admixed population. In addition, there are geographic influences on the present genomic diversity, independent of the admixture, showing that a few centuries is sufficient to produce detectable genetic structure in human populations.
- Published
- 2017
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