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While crop enhancement can be performed using the agronomical adaptive traits of local crop varieties, human actions and climatic conditions alter their diversity. An assessment and characterization of 20 germplasm accessions of Mota-named coarse rice diversity alongside eight fine-grained rice from the south-central region of Bangladesh is our primary objective. In this original study, we perform the evaluation of genetic variability of Mota-named coarse rice in comparison with the fine rice from south-central coastal Bangladesh using morphological characteristics and SSR molecular markers. Nineteen morphological descriptors showed distinct variations. Three prominent groups surfaced from simple sequence repeat (SSR). Eighty-seven percent and 13% of genetic variation within and among populations were observed, respectively, using analysis of molecular variance. Five subpopulations emerged from model-based structure study. The studied SSR loci showed 0.642 (for mean polymorphism content value per primer), 0.862 (as highest value), and 0.683 (as average value) for gene diversity of every locus. Geographical information-based molecular analysis revealed high allelic richness (18–21) in the upazilas (counties) of Bauphal, Galachipa, and Dumki, all in the district of Patuakhali, division of Barisal. Morphological–molecular analysis of Mota-named coarse rice germplasm revealed a considerable amount of genetic diversity and a prominent level of population structure. Our results provide information useful for future breeding and conservation programs.

The date palm tree offers a wide range of benefits. It contributes significantly to environmental balance—it thrives in severe climatic conditions. It is a known source of several useful medical and nutritional chemical compounds. In recent times, environmental and non-environmental factors like unregulated commercial exploitations, extensive genetic and soil erosion, and pests and disease infestations threaten the existence of the date palm cultivars. Traditional breeding of date palm takes a long time due to its extended life cycle and difficulty in identifying the sex as the sex becomes prominent a few years after planting. However, with the advancement of tissue culture and other biotechnology and molecular breeding, date palm researches have been accelerated. Both in vitro and in situ conversation options have been explored as a way to conserve the existing cultivars. Traditional propagation via offshoots is simply not enough to meet the present-day date palm tree demands. Conversely, micropropagation has shown promising signs as a better large-scale propagation method for cultivating date palm trees. In vitro regeneration involving different methods has been explored. This came with noticeable shortcomings like browning, latent contamination, extended in vitro cycle, ex vitro acclimatization and transplanting, and somaclonal variation. Further research into these issues has resulted in improved micropropagation systems of various date palm cultivars. The genetic conformity is retained in regenerated plantlets via molecular characterization—an essential requirement for commercial production. More work is required to perfect the micropropagation of exclusive date palm varieties. This will facilitate the commercial production of date palm utilizing tissue culture laboratories worldwide.