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Recently, the catch-traceability system have attracted worldwide attention in the context of Japan’s nuclear pollution water discharge plan and its implementation. Although universal international treaties are difficult to achieve in the short term, distinctive national catch-traceability systems have emerged. China’s Draft Amendment to the Fisheries Law (for Comments) proposes to implement the “catch-traceability system”, but does not clarify the definition, scope, illegal liability and enforcement mechanism of the system. As a major importer and exporter of catch, China’s catch-traceability system has great significance to combat IUU fishing, ensure the smooth of fishery foreign trade and food safety. Based on the existing similar institutional arrangements and practical experience in China and referring to the relevant provisions of the international community, this paper attempts to put forward the substantive elements and argues the best legislative form to present each element, so as to realize the unification of China’s internal rules and expects to realize the internationalization of rules on this basis.

Currently, the issue of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) has made a lot of significant progress in both international legislative process and national practices. As a State Party to UNCLOS, China has actively participated in the negotiations of the BBNJ agreement, in which the marine protected areas (MPAs) as one of the area-based management tools have been an issue of great concern. It is considered to be a feasible and direct conservation tool. In order to evaluate the possibility of China’s participation in the establishment of MPAs in the future, this paper analyzes the drivers for and limits on China’s involvement in the construction of MPAs in the context of the current Chinese situation. And it also puts forward possible countermeasures on how to deal with the challenges brought by the MPAs in ABNJ to China. It is concluded that there is a great possibility that China will eventually choose to participate in the establishment of MPAs in ABNJ as China advocates the concept of a maritime community with a shared future.