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Burns are the most common and devastating form of wounds and are usually accompanied by abnormal inflammation, inadequate extracellular matrix production, reduced angiogenesis, and lack of growth factor stimulation, which can significantly delay wound healing and lead to complications. Pearl powder, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat wound healing. In the present study, we found that supercritical CO

Purpose Due to the prognosis of circumscribed middle gliomas（CMGs）with H3K27M mutation is still unclear. This study explored the prognostic stratification of （CMGs） with H3K27M mutation.Methods: One hundred and sixty middle gliomas（MGs）were identified over 10 years. Immunohistochemistry was done for H3K27M, ATRX, IDH1, and P53, and Sanger sequencing performed for IDH and H3 genes. The clinicopathological characteristics were reviewed and survival analysis performed.Results: 1. H3K27M mutation was associated with a poor prognosis (p = 0.00017) for brainstem gliomas, but not for thalamic gliomas (p = 0.3). In the elder adults (≥40 years), there was no correlation between H3K27M mutation and the prognosis for MGs (p = 0.49).2. For H3K27M mutant MGs, there was no difference in prognosis between diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) and CMGs (p = 0.211), also between the CNS WHO grades.3. The prognosis of H3K27M mutant CMGs of CNS WHO grade 1 was worse than that of H3K27M wild-type CMGs (p = 0.0024), even worse than of DMGs without H3K27M mutation of CNS WHO grade 2(p = 0.0066). There was no significant difference in prognosis from DMGs with histological grades CNS WHO grade 3 and 4 (p = 0.46).Conclusions: The weight value of H3K27M affecting prognosis is affected by location and age. CMGs with H3K27M mutation have biological behavior similar to high-grade gliomas. It is recommended that Treatment management was referenced to high-grade glioma for CMGs with H3K27 mutation.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global public health crisis with high rates of infection and mortality. Treatment and prevention approaches include vaccine development, the design of small molecule antiviral drugs and macromolecular neutralizing antibodies. Polymers have been designed for effective virus inhibition and as anti-viral drug delivery carriers.. This review summarizes recent progress and provides a perspective on polymer based approaches for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection. These polymer-based partners include polyanion/polycations, dendritic polymers, macromolecular prodrugs and polymeric drug delivery systems that have the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of antiviral therapeutics., Graphical abstract Image 1

A unique platform for combined photothermal and chemotherapy using PLA stereocomplex (PLA SC) micelles-induced hybrid gold nanocarriers is designed. The PLA SC micelles, made from the self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLLA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(d-lactide) (PDMAEMA-PDLA), for the first time are used as a template to fabricate the hybrid PLA SC@Au core-shell nanocarriers, in which the anticancer drugs are encapsulated within the core, while the Au nanoparticles are tethered in the shell via the in situ reduction of AuCl4 - by PDMAEMA. The obtained PLA SC@Au hybrid nanocarriers exhibit low toxicity and remarkable photothermal effect. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the on-site photothermal therapy can further induce an accelerated drug release from the hybrid nanocarrier reservoir via hyperthermia heating of the nanocarriers, thus leading to a synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy toward a significantly improved efficacy in tumor shrinkage. The as-designed PLA SC@Au hybrid nanocarriers, with their biocompatible compositions, dual-drug delivery characteristics, and combined photothermal/chemotherapy, show high potential as a novel platform for cancer treatment.

Background: BRAF mutations have been detected in a high proportion of melanoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and various primary brain tumors. But the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical detection of BRAF-V600E mutant protein were not evaluated in brain tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the utlity of BRAF-V600E IHC compared to molecular biology on a large series of brain tumors, in order to provide a useful reference for the use of BRAF-V600E IHC in clinical practice.Methods and results: We analyzed the BRAF-V600E immunoreactivity pattern and its expression profile by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 122 patients diagnosed with different tumors of brain including gangliocytoma/ganglioma(GC/GG), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas(PXA), epithelioid glioblastoma(E-GBM), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour(DNT), pilocytic astrocytoma(PA), and papillary craniopharyngioma(p-CPG). VE1 immunostaining of 52 cases showed clear cytoplasmic diffuse positive pattern in majority tumor cells. 14 cases were presented with clear granular cytoplasmic positive pattern in single tumor cell or tumor cell cluster. 22 cases displayed equivocal positive with undefined location. 34 cases were negative. Including 81 immunopositive cases and 29 immunonegative cases were further confirmed by Real-time PCR. And 63 of 81 immunopositive cases were confirmed with BRAF-V600E mutation (77.8%), and all of 29 negative cases were confirmed to have wild-type BRAF (100%). Interestingly, only the cases showing clear immunoreactivity patterns (e.g cytoplasmic) with clean background had immunostaining results consistent with the molecular detection results, regardless of the number of positive cells (61/61,100%). However, samples with indeterminate immunoreactivity patterns were most likely to have false positive results (18/20, 90%). Conclusions: VE1 immunostaining could replace molecular detection to some extent, on the premise of mastering the key points in the interpretation of BRAF VE1 immunostaining: 1) As long as the positive signal was accurately located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, the sample was considered to have BRAF V600E mutation, disregarding the number of positive cells; 2) Tissue samples that had no signal of BRAF VE1 expression with clear background could be confirmed with wild-type BRAF-V600E; 3) Some equivocal positive with uniform “coating” or nucleus positive cases were often considered as false-positive and usually required further molecular detection.

Aberrant glucose metabolism and immune evasion are recognized as two hallmarks of cancer, which contribute to poor treatment efficiency and tumor progression. Herein, a novel material system consisting of a glucose and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) at the distal ends of PEO-b-PLLA block copolymer (Glucose-PEO-b-PLLA-TEMPO), was designed to encapsulate clinical therapeutics CUDC101 and photosensitizer IR780. The specific core-shell rod structure formed by the designed copolymer renders TEMPO radicals excellent stability against reduction-induced MRI silence. Tumor targeting moiety endowed by glucose provides the radical copolymer outstanding multimodal imaging capabilities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI). Efficient delivery of CUDC101 and IR780 was achieved to synergize the antitumor immune activation through IR780-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CUDC101 triggered CD47 inhibition, showing M1 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). More intriguingly, this study demonstrates PDT-stimulated p53 can also re-educate TAMs, providing a combined strategy of using dual tumor microenvironment remodeling to achieve the synergistic effect in the transition from cold immunosuppressive to hot immunoresponsive tumor microenvironment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Pearl powder is a biologically active substance that is widely used in traditional medicine, skin repair and maintenance. The traditional industrial extraction processes of pearl powder are mainly based on water, acid or enzyme extraction methods, all of which have their own drawbacks. In this study, we propose a new extraction process for these active ingredients, specifically, water-soluble components of pearl powder extracted by a CO2 supercritical extraction system (SFE), followed by the extraction efficiency evaluation. A wound-healing activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. This demonstrated that the supercritical extraction technique showed high efficiency as measured by the total protein percentage. The extracts exhibited cell proliferation and migration-promoting activity, in addition to improving collagen formation and healing efficiency in vivo. In brief, this study proposes a novel extraction process for pearl powder, and the extracts were also explored for wound-healing bioactivity, demonstrating the potential in wound healing.

The constant feeding of oxygen and nutrients through the blood vasculature has a vital role in maintaining tumor growth. Interestingly, recent endeavors have shown that nanotherapeutics with the strategy to block tumor blood vessels feeding nutrients and oxygen for starvation therapy can be helpful in cancer treatment. However, this field has not been detailed. Hence, this review will present an exhaustive summary of the existing biomaterial based strategies to disrupt tumor vascular function for effective cancer treatment, including hydrogel or nanogel-mediated local arterial embolism, thrombosis activator loaded nano-material-mediated vascular occlusion and anti-vascular drugs that block tumor vascular function, which may be beneficial to the design of anti-cancer nanomedicine by targeting the tumor vascular system.