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Abstract The controlled synthesis of recyclable hematite in the leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide powder is an urgent problem in the chemical industry and metallurgy fields. In this paper, the effects of the temperature, agitation speed, and seed addition on the contents of iron, sulfur, potassium, sodium, and zinc in the iron removal residues, as well as the iron concentration in the supernatant after iron removal were systematically studied. In addition to the temperature control already reported, we found that the agitation speed can also control the transformation between jarosite and hematite phases. The content of jarosite in the residues can be effectively controlled by adjusting the agitation speed, thereby significantly improving the quality of hematite product, as indicated by SEM-EDS and XRD results. Under temperature of 185 °C, an agitation speed of 500 rpm, and a seed addition of 15 g/L, the iron, sulfur and zinc contents in the filter residues and the iron concentration in the supernatant were 59%, 3.22%, 0.92%, and 4.182 g/L, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rapid oxidation kinetics is not conducive to the formation of high-quality hematite products. These results can directly guide the process of transformation of harmful jarosite into recyclable hematite from the leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide powder, which is of great practical significance for the controlled and waste-free removal of iron from aqueous solutions in the chemical industry and metallurgy fields.

Objective To systematically review the progress in the application of artificial intelligence in the field of pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery at home and abroad， aiming to provide reference for the development and clinical practice in the future. Methods Literature related to the application of artificial intelligence in otolaryngology，head and neck surgery were searched from PubMed， Web of Science and Embase databases in June 2024， regardless of the research type， publication date and language restrictions. Subsequently， using the National Heart， Lung， and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools （NHI-SQAT） and the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence （LOE）， tables were designed to assess the quality of the articles and select authentic and effective literature. Literature content was extracted， and a systematic review of current status and future prospects of artificial intelligence in this field was conducted. Results After preliminary screening of abstracts and titles， full-text reading， supplementary retrieval， and exclusion of literature that did not meet quality standards， a total of 38 articles were finally included. Artificial intelligence has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric otolaryngological diseases in various forms. Significant clinical effects have been achieved through methods such as machine learning and big data processing， enabling surgical assistance and the establishment of diagnostic and treatment models. In recent research， the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric otitis media， assessment of pediatric hearing loss， preoperative planning and postoperative guidance， and telemedicine are becoming the main directions of exploration and application of artificial intelligence. Conclusions Application of artificial intelligence in pediatric otolaryngology head and neck surgery at home and abroad has been gradually extended in recent years. As the use of artificial intelligence in assisted diagnosis and treatment has been gradually accepted by the medical community， the application platform for artificial intelligence will become diversified in the future.

ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) exhibit high mutability and recombination, posing challenges to their immunization and control. This study isolated two new PRRSV strains, GD-7 and GX-3, from samples collected in Guangdong and Guangxi in 2023. Whole-genome sequencing, along with phylogenetic and recombination analyses, confirmed that GD-7 and GX-3 are natural novel recombinant strains of NADC30 PRRSV. Moreover, we established a pathogenicity model for piglets and sows based on the two isolates. The results of piglet pathogenicity revealed that both GD-7 and GX-3 caused clinical symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, depression, and slow weight gain. Moreover, we observed that the mortality rate of GD-7-inoculated group piglets was 33.3%, which was similar to that of piglets infected with other highly pathogenic PRRSV strains and exceeded the mortality rate of most NADC30-like PRRSV. In pregnant sow models, the survival rate of sows in the GD-7 group was 75%, in contrast to the GX-3 group, where no sow mortality was observed, and both strains resulted in abortion, mummified fetuses, and stillbirths. These results highlight the elevated pathogenicity of these recombinant strains in sows, with GD-7 mainly causing sows to abort, and GX-3 mainly causing sows to give birth to mummified fetuses. This study introduces two distinct clinical recombinant PRRSV strains that differ from the prevalent strains in China. This research furthers our understanding of the epidemiology of PRRSV and underscores the significance of ongoing monitoring and research in the face of evolving virus strains. Moreover, these discoveries act as early warnings, underscoring the necessity for active control and immunization against PRRSV.IMPORTANCESince the discovery of NADC30-like PRRSV in China in 2013, it has gradually become the dominant strain of PRRSV in China. NADC30-like PRRSV exhibits high recombination characteristics, constantly recombining with different strains, leading to the emergence of numerous novel strains. Of particular importance is the observation that NADC30-like PRRSV with different recombination patterns exhibits varying pathogenicity, which has a significant impact on the pig farming industry. This emphasizes the necessity of monitoring and responding to evolving PRRSV strains to develop effective immunization and control strategies. In this paper, we conducted pathogenicity studies on the isolated NADC30-like PRRSV and analyzed the differences in the genomes and pathogenicity of the different strains by recording clinical symptoms, temperature changes, detoxification tests, and changes in viremia and histopathology in infected pigs. This was done to provide a theoretical basis for the epidemiological situation and epidemic prevention and control of PRRSV.

Abstract Iron in the leaching solution with high K+ and Na+ concentrations was usually precipitated as the typical hazardous and toxic jarosite residues. However, this method of treatment has been greatly restricted by increasingly strict environmental regulations. Here we propose that iron can be precipitated from the solution with high K+ and Na+ concentrations as recyclable hematite products by adjusting the concentration ratio of sodium and potassium ions in the solution. The transformation behavior of jarosite into hematite in high concentration potassium ion and sodium ion solution was explained based on collision theory. The results indicated that in instances where the concentration ratio of Na+/K+ is ≥ 4:1, the iron present in the solution can be effectively precipitated as a recyclable hematite product, as opposed to forming the conventional hazardous jarosite residue, even under conditions where the potassium ion concentration reaches levels as high as 4 g/L. On the other hand, thermodynamic and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that at a temperature of 185 °C, the decomposition transformation of Na-jarosite (32.64 kJ and 7.25 eV) is more energetically advantageous compared to that of K-jarosite (61.07 kJ and 15.31 eV). The results were verified by the leaching solution from smelting industry. The iron content in the residues is above 58%, the sulfur content is below 4%, the zinc content is below 1%, and the total iron concentration in the supernatant is about 4 g/L, reaching the production index of the smelting industry. The green, environmentally friendly, and recyclable separation of iron in a solution with high concentrations of potassium and sodium ions is achieved, which is of great significance for the treatment of iron-containing solution and wastewater in the chemical industry and metallurgy fields.

Scaffold materials, seed cells and growth factors are referred to as the three elements of bone tissue engineering (BTE). However, the physical properties and biocompatibility of these scaffolds and the safety and cost of their growth factors limit their clinical application. Therefore, it is critical to develop a novel scaffold modified with efficient growth factors that meets the requirements of BTE. Herein, 3D-printed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) composite scaffolds modified with new fusion peptides, which can effectively promote the regeneration and repair of bone defects, were developed. 3D-printed PLGA/HA composite scaffolds with appropriate HA contents were prepared and had appropriate mechanical properties. In addition, the surface of the 3D-printed PLGA/HA composite scaffold was modified with new fusion peptides to provide osteogenic, antimicrobial, and angiogenesis-promoting effects. In vitro experiments showed that the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds had good biocompatibility and a certain degree of antibacterial activity. Moreover, the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds significantly improved the migration ability of BMSCs and Ea.hy926 cells, promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related factors (BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, OPN) in BMSCs, and promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF and HIF-1α) in Ea.hy926 cells. In vivo experiments showed that the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds had good osteogenic ability. This study reveals considerable application potential for bone defect repair and provides a new option of scaffold material for BTE.

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms of WNT974 and artesunate (ART) combination therapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We conducted an initial assessment of the synergistic impact of WNT974 and ART on cell viability using the MTT assay across eight CRC cell lines with diverse mutation statuses.Subsequently, a 3D in vitro model was utilized to confirm the synergistic effect of the combination. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle distribution. The molecular mechanisms were further investigated by examining the expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins (p21, p27, and CDK2) and AKT activity through PCR and Western blot analyses. The in vivo efficacy of the combination therapy was evaluated using a xenograft mouse model of CRC. Results: The combination of WNT974 and ART significantly reduced cell viability in all eight CRC cell lines, demonstrating a synergistic effect. Additionally, the combination exhibited synergy in inhibiting 3D spheroid growth. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination therapy induced a marked G1/G0 arrest through CDK2 inhibition, surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments. Molecular analysis indicated that the combination therapy upregulated p21 and p27 expression and reduced AKT activity. In vivo, the combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model, notably outperforming 5FU, the standard first-line drug for CRC. Conclusion: The study highlights the synergistic anti-CRC effects of combining WNT974 and ART. This combination induces G1/G0 phase cell cycle arrest by cooperatively regulating p21, p27, and AKT, presenting a promising alternative to current CRC treatments. These findings elucidate the molecular basis of this interaction and provide a scientific foundation for advancing ART combined with WNT94 as a novel therapy for CRC, offering a potential new avenue.

Background: The discovery of driver genes such as EGFR, KRAS, and ALK, has dramatically shifted treatment patterns in patients harboring these oncogenes. However, dissemination into the central nervous system (CNS) is a severe complication. In addition, the particular anatomical structure of the CNS has made it difficult to obtain tissue specimens from brain metastases (BM) to generate a gene map, as such, potential predictive markers for survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BM (NSCLC-BM) remain unclear. Methods: Data from 28 patients diagnosed with NSCLC-BM between June 2019 and May 2021 at Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital (Guangzhou, China), were reviewed. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a 168 cancer-related gene panel was available for surgically resected brain tissues from all patients. In addition, molecular characteristics and overall survival (OS) were analyzed to determine potential predictive markers. Results: Among patients with NSCLC-BM, NGS revealed that TP53 was the most frequent mutation (61 %), with a detection rate of 39 %, closely by EGFR amplification. Additionally, CDKN2A, MYC, LRP1B, and RNF43 were frequently observed (18 %). The median OS was significantly shorter in the TP53 mutation group than in the wildtype group (14 versus undefined months, p = 0.014). Similar results were also found in the genetic alteration of EGFR amplification, suggesting that EGFR amplification was associated with worse OS (14 vs. 24 months, p = 0.039). Interestingly, NGS revealed that gene alternations such as TP53, EGFR amplification, and CDKN2A, tended to coexist and such a co-alteration panel indicated worse clinical outcomes (median OS, 5 months). In addition, the detection rate of negative survival genes, including TP53 or EGFR amplification, was much higher in tumor tissues than in plasma samples, indicating the limited predictive value of matched PLA samples. Conclusions: Gene signatures, such as TP53 or EGFR amplification, were associated with worse survival in patients diagnosed with NSCLC-BM. These valuable findings may shed light on new strategies for the prognostic assessment of specific patient groups.

PurposeInfluenza infection induces cardiovascular events in heart failure (HF) patients, with potential risk reduction through vaccination. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination for HF patients in China.MethodsWe developed a Markov model with a 3-month cycle to simulate the cost-effectiveness of administering the influenza vaccine to patients with HF over a 3-year period. Patients in the model received either the influenza vaccine or a placebo, in addition to standard HF treatment. Cost data, sourced from the China Healthcare Statistic Yearbook and other public records, and effectiveness data from the IVVE (Influenza Vaccine to Prevent Adverse Vascular Events in HF) trial, were incorporated. Specifically, the cost of the influenza vaccine was 75 Chinese Yuan (CNY) (11 USD), the cost of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) was 9,326 CNY (1,386 USD), and the cost of treatment for pneumonia was 5,984 CNY (889 USD). The study’s primary outcome, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quantifies the incremental cost (CNY and USD) per incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Additional outcomes included total cost, total effectiveness, incremental cost, and incremental effectiveness. We conducted one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) to assess certainty and uncertainty, respectively. Scenario analysis, considering various situations, was performed to evaluate the robustness of the results.ResultsIn the base case analysis, influenza vaccine, compared to placebo, among Chinese HF patients, resulted in a cost increase from 21,004 CNY (3,121 USD) to 21,062 CNY (3,130 USD) and in QALYs from 1.89 to 1.92 (2.55 life years vs. 2.57 life years) per patient. The resulting ICER was 2,331 CNY (346 USD) per QALY [2,080 CNY (309 USD) per life year], falling below the willingness-to-pay threshold based on per capita GDP. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that disparities in HHF and cardiovascular death rates between groups had the most significant impact on the ICER, while the cost of vaccines had a marginal impact. PSA and scenario analysis collectively affirmed the robustness of our findings.ConclusionThis study suggests that adding the influenza vaccine to standard treatment regimens for Chinese patients with HF may represent a highly cost-effective option. Further real-world data studies are essential to validate these findings.

ObjectiveTo compare the macular area parameters and aqueous humor factors between myopia and emmetropia.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select patients who visited the Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital’s department of ophthalmology from December 2018 to December 2022 as the study participants. They were divided into three groups according to whether they were diagnosed as mild myopia myopic, highly myopic or not as follows: the mild myopia group (60 cases, 108 eyes), the high myopia group (46 cases, 78 eyes) and the healthy emmetropia group (40 cases, 65 eyes). The differences in the macular integrity (MI) assessment, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and aqueous humor factors were compared between the three groups.ResultsAL in high myopia group was the highest, and that in emmetropia group was the lowest. The BCVA of mild myopia group was the highest. The RS in the high myopia group were significantly lowest in the three groups (26.42 ± 1.04 vs. 28.34 ± 0.76 vs. 31.92 ± 0.77) (F = 5.374, p = 0.013). The 63% BCEA, 95% BCEA and MI in the high myopia group were significantly highest (p

Ammonium salt vanadium precipitation process has excellent performance in industrial production, but its shortcomings such as high cost and environmental impact are not conducive to sustainable development. In this paper, ethylenediamine was selected as the precipitant, and vanadate was precipitated from acidic simulated vanadium-rich solutions by the ammonium salt precipitation process. The high purity V2O5 product was obtained after calcination. Under optimal conditions, the precipitation rate of vanadium reached 94.8 %, and the purity of vanadium was as high as 99.1 %. The vanadium precipitation product was hexamethyl ammonium, and the vanadium product was V2O5. It can be derived by the differential method that the reaction order was n = 2.4, the reaction rate equation was CV-1.4=kt+a, and the apparent activation energy was 27.8097 kJ/mol, which can be classified as the diffusion-controlled reaction. This innovative process enables a savings of 5050 yuan per ton of V2O5. On this basis, a complete V2O5 production process with zero waste discharge was designed.

IntroductionSoft tissue sarcomas, similar in incidence to cervical and esophageal cancers, arise from various soft tissues like smooth muscle, fat, and fibrous tissue. Effective segmentation of sarcomas in imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis.MethodsThis study collected multi-modal MRI images from 45 patients with thigh soft tissue sarcoma, totaling 8,640 images. These images were annotated by clinicians to delineate the sarcoma regions, creating a comprehensive dataset. We developed a novel segmentation model based on the UNet framework, enhanced with residual networks and attention mechanisms for improved modality-specific information extraction. Additionally, self-supervised learning strategies were employed to optimize feature extraction capabilities of the encoders.ResultsThe new model demonstrated superior segmentation performance when using multi-modal MRI images compared to single-modal inputs. The effectiveness of the model in utilizing the created dataset was validated through various experimental setups, confirming the enhanced ability to characterize tumor regions across different modalities.DiscussionThe integration of multi-modal MRI images and advanced machine learning techniques in our model significantly improves the segmentation of soft tissue sarcomas in thigh imaging. This advancement aids clinicians in better diagnosing and understanding the patient's condition, leveraging the strengths of different imaging modalities. Further studies could explore the application of these techniques to other types of soft tissue sarcomas and additional anatomical sites.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of poststroke epilepsy and the effect of rTMS on patients’ cognitive function and depressive status. Methods One hundred and twenty-one poststroke epilepsy patients with mild cognitive impairment and depressive status admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Second People’s Hospital of Nanning from January 1, 2017, to April 31, 2023, were selected and divided into the rTMS treatment group (treated group) and the control group. MMSE scores and HAMD scores were recorded before and after treatment. The frequency of EEG spiky waves recorded before and after treatment within 24 h and the frequency of any clinical seizure form (the number of clinical seizures within 1 month after treatment) and changes in observed indices before and after treatment were calculated. The differences between the data of the two groups were analyzed, to further assess the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of poststroke epilepsy and the rTMS’ effects on cognition and depression. Results Compared with drug treatment alone, rTMS significantly decreased clinical seizures and epileptiform discharges after stroke, especially in patients with lesions in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Compared with drug treatment alone, rTMS treatment can effectively reduce cognitive impairment and mood disorders, such as depression, especially for patients with lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes. The results of this experiment suggest that rTMS treatment does not increase adverse effects. Conclusion rTMS reduces clinical seizures while improving cognitive impairment and depression in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, we suggest that low-frequency rTMS can be used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with epilepsy and provide some ideas and references for the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment and depression.

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to create a nomogram using routine parameters to predict leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients to prevent needless exams or lumbar punctures and to assist in accurately diagnosing LMs. Methods Two hundred and seventy‐three patients with LMs and brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed and divided into derivation (n = 191) and validation (n = 82) cohorts using a 3:7 random allocation. All LAC patients with LMs had positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology results and brain metastases confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Binary logistic regression with backward stepwise selection was used to identify significant characteristics. A predictive nomogram based on the logistic model was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curves. The validation cohort and Hosmer–Lemeshow test were used for internal validation of the nomogram. Results Five clinicopathological parameters, namely, gene mutations, surgery at the primary lung cancer site, clinical symptoms of the head, N stage, and therapeutic strategy, were used as predictors of LMs. The area under the curve was 0.946 (95% CI 0.912–0.979) for the training cohort and 0.861 (95% CI 0.761–0.961) for the internal validation cohort. There was no significant difference in performance between the two cohorts (p = 0.116). In the internal validation, calibration plots revealed that the nomogram predictions were well suited to the actual outcomes. Conclusions We created a user‐friendly nomogram to predict LMs in advanced lung cancer patients, which could help guide treatment decisions and reduce unnecessary lumbar punctures.

This paper studies a non-compatible fully PT symmetric Davey–Stewartson system which models the evolution of optical wave packet in nonlinear optics. “Non-compatible” means the first two equations of the system are inconsistent that do not need to comply with extra constraint like the compatible case. We employ the multi-linear variable separation approach to derive variable separation solution for this system. The obtained solutions contain four separated free functions, render enough freedom for us to generate diverse solitons. Firstly, we construct two kinds of localized excitations: lump-lattice and periodic-lattice structure. Secondly, we obtain four typical folded solitary waves, i.e. worm-dromion shaped, fin shaped and octopus shaped waves, by introducing suitable multi-valued functions. Lastly, we systematically analyze the interaction between two and three foldons, and give the classification of it. To our knowledge, this is the first time variable separation solution been reported in PT symmetric system. The basic idea of separating variables that used in this paper can be extended to other symmetric systems.

Background: Periodontitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are all common chronic diseases with higher incidence in middle-aged and old men. Several studies have indicated a potential association between periodontitis and BPH, although the findings remain inconclusive. However, there is no mendelian randomization (MR) studies to assess this association.Methods: The 40 men who had received health check-ups were included in an epidemiological study. Genetic data of BPH (13118 cases and 72799 controls) and periodontitis (3046 cases and 195395 controls) from FinnGen project was used to perform two-sample MR analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) model was identified as the primary analytical method, with MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode serving as additional approaches.Results: The epidemiological analysis demonstrated a lack of statistically significant differences in the prevalence of clinical BPH between severe periodontitis group and non-severe periodontitis group. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of severe periodontitis among individuals with clinical BPH compared to those without. Additionally, Among the five models utilized in MR analysis, including the IVW model, no evidence of a causal link between periodontitis and BPH was observed.Conclusion: The findings from our epidemiological investigation and MR analysis do not provide support for a causal relationship between periodontitis and BPH.

Paramyxoviruses are important pathogens affecting various animals, including mammals and humans. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)—a member of the family Paramyxoviridae—is a major threat to the health of mammals and humans. However, studies on terrestrial wild animals infected with PIV5 are scanty. In this study, we utilized reverse transcription PCR to detect PIV5 infection in the visceral organ tissues of a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris ssp. altaica) with vomiting, diarrhea, and dyspnea before its death. A novel PIV5 (named SR strain) with a slowly progressive cytopathic effect was isolated in Vero cells and validated using a transmission electron microscope. Full-length sequencing and analysis revealed that the whole genome of the PIV5 SR strain contained 15,246 nucleotides (nt) and seven non-overlapping genes (3’-N-V/P-M-F-SH-HN-L-5′) encoding eight proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of three PIV5 strains identified in the same zoo confirmed that PIV5 strains SR and ZJQ-221 shared the closest genetic relationship as they were clustered in the same branch, while the recently found Siberian tiger strain SZ2 kept a certain distance and formed a relatively unique branch. Furthermore, mutations of nt and amino acids (aa) between strains ZJQ-221, SR, and SZ2 were identified. In summary, we report the identification and genomic characterization of a novel PIV5 strain SR isolated in a Siberian tiger, which may help future research on interspecific transmission mechanisms.

Abstract Introduction Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of non‐small cell lung cancer with low a survival rate caused by metastasis. SCN4B encoding voltage‐gated sodium channel β subunit is regarded as a metastasis‐suppressor gene. We aim to explore how SCN4B influences the progression and prognosis of LUAD. Methods The gene expression profiles of 585 LUAD samples in TCGA and GSE31210, GSE116959, and GSE72094 datasets from the GEO database were downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes were obtained through the “limma” package. The “clusterProfiler” package was used to conduct GSEA. Survival analysis was conducted via “survival” and “survminer” packages. Transcription factors regulating SCN4B expression were screened by correlation analysis and further predicted by FIMO. Infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by CIBERSORT. ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate the immune‐related scores. Results SCN4B expressed higher in normal samples than in LUAD samples and higher in female samples than male samples. One hundred and twenty‐six pathways were significantly enriched between high and low SCN4B expression groups. Six transcription factors' expressions were positively related to SCN4B expression, and ChIP‐seq data from “Cistrome” verified that TAL1 and ERG might bind to the upstream sequence of SCN4B. SCN4B expression was significantly correlated with activated memory CD4 T cells, resting mast cells, and monocytes. TMB status, three scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm, and expression of three immune checkpoints showed significant differences between SCN4B high‐ and low‐expression groups. SCN4B could be considered as an independent prognostic signature of LUAD patients that higher expression represents a better prognosis. Conclusion SCN4B expresses higher in normal samples, and SCN4B is able to be an independent prognostic signature for LUAD patients. TAL1 and ERG may regulate the expression of SCN4B by binding its upstream sequences. Our research is valuable in improving the effectiveness of treatment in LUAD.

Abstract Background The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers, a common, more serious chronic diabetes-related complication, is increasing. Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) constitutes an effective adjunctive treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. Factors, such as poor glycemic control, ischemia, and infection prolong wound healing time, and VSD products are expensive and unaffordable for many patients. Objective To compare the use of customized VSD and customized VSD in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Method This retrospective study included 83 patients with diabetic foot ulcers in customized VSD (n = 44) and VSD (n = 39) groups. Baseline data, efficacy after 14 days, total treatment efficiency, final outcome (28 days after treatment, healing rate), average treatment cost, and hospitalization (days) of the two groups were compared. Factors affecting wound healing were analyzed. Results No significant intergroup differences in the baseline data were detected (VSD vs. customized VAD, p > 0.05). Treatment efficacy was higher in the customized VSD group than in the VSD group after 14 days (p

In recent years, the frequency of wildfires worldwide has been gradually increasing, posing significant threats to global ecosystems and human society. Given that plants serve as the primary fuel in natural environments, accurately assessing the flammability of plants is crucial for wildfire management and fire ecology studies. Plant flammability is a multifaceted trait influenced by various physiological, physical, and chemical characteristics of plants. Currently, there is no universally accepted standard for quantifying plant flammability. By analyzing published research over the past few decades, this study found that 17.27% of studies assessed plant flammability by measuring flammability-related characteristics, such as moisture content, leaf size, bark thickness, oil content, and terpene content; a total of 34.55% of studies assessed plant flammability through burning experiments by measuring burning parameters, such as ignition time, duration of combustion, and flame spread rate. The remaining studies, approximately 50%, used a combination of burning experiments and flammability-related characteristic measurement to assess plant flammability. This study outlined the current status of plant flammability measurements, discussed the merits of each measurement method, and proposed suggestions for enhancing the assessment of plant flammability, with the aim of contributing to the standardization of plant flammability measurements.

Abstract An extended (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq equation is studied in this paper to construct periodic solution, n-soliton solution and folded localized excitation. Firstly, with the help of the Hirota’s bilinear method and ansatz, some periodic solutions have been derived. Secondly, taking Burgers equation as an auxiliary function, we have obtained n-soliton solution and n-shock wave. Lastly, we present a new variable separation method for (3+1)-dimensional and higher dimensional models, and use it to derive localized excitation solutions. To be specific, we have constructed various novel structures and discussed the interaction dynamics of folded solitary waves. Compared with the other methods, the variable separation solutions obtained in this paper not only directly give the analytical form of the solution u instead of its potential $$u_y$$ u y , but also provide us a straightforward approach to construct localized excitation for higher order dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or plus with chemotherapy in older patients. Methods: We enrolled 110 older patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC ≥75 years) who received either chemotherapy alone (chemo), ICI plus chemotherapy (ICI + chemo), or ICI alone and ICI plus other therapies, which included anti-angiogenesis drugs or other novel ICI (ICIs). Patient characteristics, treatment response, survival, and toxicity were evaluated. Results: In total population, the ICIs group has the highest disease control rate (DCR 75%). There were no significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among older patients between ICI + chemo and ICIs groups (PFS: 5.3 months vs. 5.5 months, p = 0.70, OS: 10.7 months vs. 20.3 months, p = 0.995). Meanwhile, we observed ICIs had a longer PFS and OS than chemo group (PFS: 3.9 months vs. 5.5 months, p = 0.01, OS: 10.9 months vs. 20.3 months, p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) ≥ 1% had a distinct longer trend toward OS in ICIs group compared to ICI + chemo group (22.4 months vs. 10.7 months, p = 0.605), even though there was no significant difference. In terms of safety, ICIs was more tolerable and had a lower discontinuation rate than ICI + chemo group. Conclusion: In the real world, ICI + chemo is more likely to be discontinued due to adverse effects and does not significantly improve patient survival compared with ICIs treatment in total population and subgroup. Therefore, ICI alone or ICIs plus other therapies, such as anti-angiogenesis drugs or other novel ICI (ICIs) could be recommended for older cases with PD-L1 positive NSCLC.

In situ X-ray diffraction indicates that the structural phase transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 is a first-order transition with a phase transition temperature range of 378.5–443.1 °C. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion of h-MoO3 are strongly anisotropic, that is, αa=b = 72.87 × 10−6 K−1 and αc = −19.44 × 10−6 K−1. In the h-MoO3 phase, water molecules are located at the (0 0 0.25) site inside the MoO6 octahedra tunnel that is formed by six MoO6 corner-sharing octahedron zigzag chains. With increasing temperature, the release of water molecules from the octahedra tunnel causes the octahedra chains to shrink and the octahedra tunnel to expand. When the phase transition occurs, the anomalous expansion of the MoO6 octahedra tunnel ruptures the Mo–O2 bonds, forming individual MoO6 octahedron zigzag chains that then share corners to generate octahedron layers in the ⟨100⟩α direction. The octahedron layers are bonded by van der Waals interactions in the ⟨010⟩α direction, crystalizing into the α-MoO3 structure.

Summary: Dental implants make it possible to replace teeth in more sophisticated ways. Nevertheless, peri-implantitis is one of the leading causes of implant failure, which can be avoided with proper soft tissue sealing. The aim of this study was to achieve the promotion of the synthesis of peri-implant epithelial hemidesmosome through Histatin 1 and porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) hydrogel to form a good peri-implant seal. The results show that hydrogel can improve the biological barrier function around implants by combining antibacterial, promoting soft tissue healing and promoting epithelial bonding. This means that the morphology and anti-infection ability of soft tissue are enhanced, which ensures the long-term stability of the implant.SIS-Hst1 hydrogel has certain clinical application in the prevention and early treatment of peri-implantitis. In conclusion, Hst1-SIS hydrogel, as a local administration system, provides experimental evidence for the prevention of peri-implant disease.

Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla ‘GLGU9’ is one of the most commonly planted tree species in South China. It is a new variety created by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute. As a fast-growing species, the poor dimensional stability is one of its main drawbacks, which restricts its applications. Thermal treatment is one of the effective methods to improve the dimensional stability of wood. GLGU9 wood was treated using thermal modification with palm oil. The oil was used as a heating medium and a shielding material at temperatures of 150, 170, 190, 200, and 210 °C, at various treatment durations of 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 h. To investigate the effect of palm oil thermal treatment on dimensional stability, the anti-shrink efficiency (ASE1) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE2) were examined. The results indicated that the ASE1 and ASE2 were increased by 62.8% and 56.6% at 210 °C for 6 h treatment, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) bamboo cupping therapy combined with hot compress in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods Totally 50 LDH patients were recruited as research subjects . TCM bamboo cupping therapy combined with hot compress was carried out 2 times per day, 5 days per treatment course. The efficacy of treatment was measured after a two-course treatment. Results The total effective rate was 96. 00%(48/50). Conclusion The TCM bamboo cupping therapy combined with hot compress is effective in the treatment of LDH. (目的 观察中药竹罐联合中药热敷治疗腰痹症的临床疗效。方法 选取腰痹症患者50例为研究对象, 采用中药竹罐联合中药热敷疗法治疗, 2次/d, 5 d为1个疗程, 治疗2个疗程之后评估疗效。结果 痊愈32例, 显效10例, 有效6例, 无效2例, 有效治愈率为96. 00%(48/50)。结论 中药竹罐联合中药热敷治疗腰痹症疗效明确。)