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20. Social Theory and Legal Argument: Catharine MacKinnon On Sexual Harassment.

Author

Minson, J. P.

Subjects
SOCIAL theory, SOCIOLOGISTS, FORENSIC orations, SEXUAL harassment, PATRIARCHY, IDEOLOGY
Abstract

The article discusses various aspects related to social theory and legal arguments taking reference of sociologist Catharine MacKinnon's views on sexual harassment. Amidst the string of defeats and declines of U.S. President Ronald Reagan years, progress in respect to the justification of sexual harassment in the workplace stands out as one of the few beacons of hope in MacKinnon's otherwise bleak assessment of fifteen years, trying to change the status of women by legal and every other available means. Starting with the decision in Williams v Saxbe case, "ten years of steady progress in the lower courts" were capped by a unanimous confirmation in the U.S. Supreme Court that a broad range of workplace sexual harassment constituted unlawful sex discrimination. Crucial to this success, asserts MacKinnon, was the contribution made by feminist jurists and lawyers alert to the lures of legal "protection" for women. MacKinnon insists that this success-story has to be heavily qualified. Still, the existence of a modicum of step-by-step progress in bringing the law to bear on the problem of sexual harassment seems incontestable. If an aim of this study is to capture some of MacKinnon's strengths, there also remains much to criticize. Reservations about reading-off MacKinnon's legal approach from its theoretical supports apply with equal force to her critique of both orthodox legal definitions of sexual harassment and traditional tort remedies by reference to their respective underpinnings in sociological role theory and patriarchal ideology.

Published
1991

36. Midline B3Serotonin Nerves in Rat Medulla are Involved in Hypotensive Effect of Methyldopa

Author

Macrae, I M, Minson, J B, Kapoor, V, Morris, M J, and Chalmers, J P

Abstract

Previous experiments in this laboratory have shown that microinjection of methyldopa onto the ventrolateral cells of the B3serotonin neurons in the medulla elicits a hypotensive response mediated by a projection descending into the spinal cord. The present experiments were designed to investigate the role of the midline cells of the B3serotonin neurons in the medulla, coinciding with the raphe magnus. In spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats, microinjection of methyldopa into the area of the midline B3serotonin cell group in the ventral medulla caused a potent hypotension of 30–40 mm Hg, which was maximal 2–3 h after administration and was abolished by the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) injected intracerebroventricularly. However, intraspinal injection of 5,7-DHT to produce a more selective lesion of only descending serotonin projections in the spinal cord did not affect this hypotension. Further, 5,7-DHT lesion of serotonin nerves travelling in the median forebrain bundle, one of the main ascending pathways from the B3serotonin cells, did not affect the fall in blood pressure associated with a midline B3serotonin methyldopa injection. It is concluded therefore that, unlike the ventrolateral B3cells which mediate a methyldopa-induced hypotension via descending projections, the midline serotonin B3cells in the medulla contribute to the hypotensive action of methyldopa, either by way of an ascending projection which does not pass through the median forebrain bundle, or through a projection restricted to the caudal brainstem.

Published
1986

49. Methyldopa hypotension and ascending projections from midline serotonin (B3) cells in the medulla

Author

John Chalmers, Macrae, M., Minson, J. B., and Kapoor, V.

Subjects
Male, Medulla Oblongata, Serotonin, Rats, Inbred SHR, 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine, Medial Forebrain Bundle, Animals, Blood Pressure, Methyldopa, Rats
Abstract

Micro-injection of methyldopa into the area of the midline B3 serotonin cell group in the ventral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats, stroke-prone strain (SHRSP), caused a fall in blood pressure of 30-40 mmHg, maximally 2-3 h after administration. This hypotension was abolished by the selective serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) injected intracerebroventricularly, but it was not affected by intraspinal injection of 5,7-DHT to produce a selective lesion of serotonin nerves descending into the spinal cord, or by injection of 5,7-DHT into the median forebrain bundle, one of the main ascending pathways from the B3 serotonin cells. It seems likely that the midline serotonin B3 cells in the medulla contribute to the hypotensive action of methyldopa through a projection restricted to the caudal brainstem.

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