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When a foreign group that wants to relocate comes into contact with the culture of the host group, the process of intercultural adaptation of both groups is set in motion. The process starts and continues through communication, regardless of its form. During this process, individuals undergo a certain degree of intercultural transformation, corresponding to the degree of communication they have had. Transformation is bilateral and occurs naturally and inevitably, even when foreigners do not seek to adapt and want to maintain their individuality, even if they do not have a proactive attitude in order for adaptation to occur, even when there is no desire to effectively participate in communicative activities with the hosts and the foreigners choose to mainly become implicated in superficial contacts with the natives. Even in extreme conflictual situations, such as war or the crisis of refugees, the individuals who came into contact with the culture of the states where they took refuge, upon returning to their own country, no longer have the same cultural traits as when they left their native country. The purpose of this article is to theoretically analyze the psychological mechanisms that are of interest in the field of social work regarding the process of intercultural transformation that takes place through communication between the host group and the foreign group in the clash of two different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between types of leadership and the results of health indicators in the Yorijarú and Kulesia-mana communities in Alta Guajira, Colombia, with a particular focus on socialization and training for the improvement of the quality of life and health of the members of these communities. The main objective is to determine how different leadership styles influence the effectiveness and sustainability ofhealth projects in the Yorijarú and Kulesiamana communities. The research focuses on tracking the activities and characteristics of health managers within a diverse and challenging cultural context, exploring whether certain leadership styles of health managers are more effective than others in promoting successful and sustainable outcomes in health projects implemented in the Yorijarú and Kulesiamana communities. The findings indicate that transformational leadership, which fosters inclusion and community engagement, is the type of leadership most present in community-appointed health managers, but no relationship can be found between these and project outcome indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore how connectedness to Black/African American or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) communities can promote anti-tobacco industry beliefs and to examine the role of targeted anti-tobacco industry messaging (i.e., tobacco industry denormalization [TID] messages).We hypothesized that community connectedness would predict anti-tobacco industry motivation (H1) and that this effect would be mediated by community-specific anti-industry beliefs (H2). We also hypothesized that these effects would be greater (i.e., moderated) for individuals exposed to targeted TID messages (H3). This study was a secondary analysis of data from a web-based experiment focused on the effects of counter-industry messages (data collected in 2020). The sample consisted of 430 Black/African Americans and 458 LGBTQ young adults. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. In support of hypothesis 1, community connectedness was associated with anti-tobacco industry motivation for both the LGBTQ and Black/African American subsamples. Hypothesis 2 was also supported. The associations between community connectedness and anti-industry motivations were partially mediated by anti-industry beliefs. Hypothesis 3 was not supported. Exposure to counter-industry messages did not modify the structural model; however, counter-industry messages increased anti-industry beliefs in both subsamples. Fostering community connectedness may help to mobilize community-based tobacco control efforts. Furthermore, interventions targeting anti-tobacco industry beliefs may be effective at reducing tobacco-related disparities. Anti-tobacco industry beliefs can be increased using brief targeted TID messages. Collectively, these findings suggest that community-based approaches rooted in consciousness-raising action may provide a useful model for future tobacco control interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical interest in identity is long-standing and has witnessed many shifts, from the perception of identity as essential to its perception as the individual's ever-changing personal choice. In the current article, I argue that identity is dynamic and changes not only through different periods but also at any given moment as part of the negotiation the individual has with their environment. This argument will be established with a case study of the Palestinian citizens in Israel through in-depth interviews relating to the collective identity of a group of minority citizens. The main findings suggest that the identity of certain individuals is dynamic at any given moment. This dynamism is largely influenced by a liminal citizenship, giving rise to a discourse of stipulation. The Israeli-Palestinians' Israeli identity is contingent upon the exercise of their civil rights, the promotion of tolerance within the Jewish majority group, and the prevailing condition of the Palestinian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores whether minority group members with multicultural experiences tend to process information locally. To Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, some Chinese Uyghur college students were exposed to multicultural priming (Han-Uyghur culture) and some to mono-cultural priming (Uyghur culture only). The results of the experiment indicated that the multicultural priming group responded more quickly to local letters than mono-cultural priming group (Experiment 1) and were inclined to find out differences between objects (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 excluded the possibility that the results of experiments 1 and 2 were caused by the minority group's inherent tendency to process information locally. These findings indicate that minority group members with multicultural experiences tend to process information locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The Swedish Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) is commonly used for assessing young children belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland (Finland-Swedes), but there is no information about the generalizability of this test and its norms to this minority. Cross-cultural comparisons of WPPSI-IV are also scarce. We compared the performance of Finland-Swedish children to the Scandinavian norms of the Swedish WPPSI-IV and explored the relationship between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, parental education level, bilingualism) and the performance. Method: The Swedish WPPSI-IV was administered to 79 typically developing 5–6-year-old Finland-Swedish children assessed for The FinSwed Study. Their performance was compared to the Scandinavian norms using MANOVA, t -test, and confidence interval comparisons. Associations with sociodemographic variables were explored using regression analyses. Results: Finland-Swedish children performed, on average, 1/3 SD higher than the Scandinavian norms, a difference which was statistically significant with medium-sized effects. However, individual subtests and indexes did not differ significantly from the norms. Significant associations with sociodemographic factors were found for some but not all index scores. Conclusions: This study provides clinically important information for using the Swedish WPPSI-IV with the Finland-Swedish minority and demonstrates aspects that clinicians working with this minority should take into account. The results are presumably partly explained by characteristics of the present sample, and partly by cultural and linguistic differences between the Finland-Swedish population and the Scandinavian countries. The findings also illustrate that cross-cultural differences in cognitive performance may be present even between similar cultures with the same language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how a course that includes recognizing pain and suffering inflicted during intractable conflicts affects Indigenous Minority Group students' willingness to reconcile. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research tools with a pre-/post- questionnaire examining Israeli-Palestinian indigenous minority group students' willingness to reconcile with the Israeli-Jewish majority group during an outbreak in violence (May 2021 Riots in Israel). Recognition entails creating space for minority students' narratives and listening to their pain and anger related to their history and lived experiences as a minority. Findings show that students who received recognition maintain a steady will to reconcile and students who did not receive such recognition express a decrease in their willingness to reconcile. Such a distinction in results demonstrates the importance of recognizing a minority group's narrative while an intractable conflict occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of children's literature to enhance literacy learning among priority learners in primary schools. It discusses the challenges faced by priority learners, including issues of representation in literature, limited access to diverse books, and the impact on literacy performance.

Abstract Background Even though, there is a particularly high prevalence of depression among individuals from the hill tribes in northern Thailand, they are unable to receive appropriate intervention due to cultural, transportation, communication, and legal barriers. Using community-based participatory research (CBPR), a depression care model was developed for the hill tribe population. The effectiveness of this model was examined using questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. Methods Participants include people with depression (n = 17) who were chosen based on their mild to moderately severe depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9 scores of 5–19) and their caregivers (n = 5). The in-depth interview was conducted to distinguish the selected participants into two groups. The first group, the self-help group program, consisted of 12 participants endorsing negative thoughts about themselves and inappropriate problems solving. The second group, the family camp program, had ten participants, including five patients with family-related issues and their family members. Subjects separately participated in either the self-help or the family groups over three weeks. They completed the PHQ-9 at the beginning and end of the intervention. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the changes in the severity of depression before and after participation in the intervention. Results The depression scores on the PHQ-9 of 12 participants improved significantly (11.92 ± 1.08 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51; p = 0.002) following participation in the self-help group. Increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships were reported by participants in the self-help group program during interviews. There was no significant difference in the depression scores of 10 participating in the family camp program (6.00 ± 3.83 to 5.30 ± 3.56; p = 0.161). Conclusion A model for depression care was tested in a hill tribe community, and its effectiveness was clearly observed. The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care.

This study examines the status and integration of Palestinians from East Jerusalem studying at the Hebrew University. The research question focuses on how these students feel within the university walls and how they perceive attitudes towards them by lecturers, administrative staff, and fellow students. The study is based on qualitative research methodology conducted through in-depth interviews. The findings reflect a dire reality in which Palestinian students experience feelings of isolation and even alienation. They experience their period of study as being difficult and unpleasant, one that they must simply endure if they wish to obtain their desired degree. The students' initial experience is one of a culture shock, entering into an unfamiliar space, and struggling with a foreign language. In addition to this initial shock, the dominant experience that they describe is one of exclusion and being ignored. This experience is particularly difficult during their first year of studies, with the language barrier being the most difficult obstacle. On the other hand, the participants also describe the campus as being a place of shelter, as opposed to the hostile and threatening outside world. While this may sound paradoxical, it reflects their complex reality. The students report that once they enter the campus, they feel protected, unlike other spaces in the public sphere where they are subject to harassment by the police and Jewish extremists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008 "Blang Nationality's Singing and Instrument Playing" (Bulangzu tanchang) was listed as China's intangible cultural heritage protection. The creation of ethnic parks, cultural villages, and ecomuseums in Southwest China raises some questions about the ethnic minorities' traditional cultural/musical heritage and its sustainable development: What is the impact of ethnic tourism development on local minorities and what is the role played by government cultural policy in the preservation and dissemination of Blang musical heritage? How is this ethnic group's identity represented in staged performances for tourists and in mass media? And what is the agency of Blang culture bearers officially appointed 'cultural heritage inheritors' in constructing, defining, and representing their own ethnic/musical identity? This article deals with a research project conducted mainly among the Blang of Manxi village in Xishuangbanna (Sipsongpanna), Yunnan Province, Southwest China, in the Spring of 2017. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the current interplay of ethnic tourism, government policy, mass media and culture bearers among an ethnic group considered a "minority among the minorities" in China and the effects of this interplay on the sustainability of traditional musical heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though, there is a particularly high prevalence of depression among individuals from the hill tribes in northern Thailand, they are unable to receive appropriate intervention due to cultural, transportation, communication, and legal barriers. Using community-based participatory research (CBPR), a depression care model was developed for the hill tribe population. The effectiveness of this model was examined using questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. Methods: Participants include people with depression (n = 17) who were chosen based on their mild to moderately severe depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9 scores of 5–19) and their caregivers (n = 5). The in-depth interview was conducted to distinguish the selected participants into two groups. The first group, the self-help group program, consisted of 12 participants endorsing negative thoughts about themselves and inappropriate problems solving. The second group, the family camp program, had ten participants, including five patients with family-related issues and their family members. Subjects separately participated in either the self-help or the family groups over three weeks. They completed the PHQ-9 at the beginning and end of the intervention. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the changes in the severity of depression before and after participation in the intervention. Results: The depression scores on the PHQ-9 of 12 participants improved significantly (11.92 ± 1.08 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51; p = 0.002) following participation in the self-help group. Increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships were reported by participants in the self-help group program during interviews. There was no significant difference in the depression scores of 10 participating in the family camp program (6.00 ± 3.83 to 5.30 ± 3.56; p = 0.161). Conclusion: A model for depression care was tested in a hill tribe community, and its effectiveness was clearly observed. The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective at preventing anal cancer, which disproportionally impacts gay/bisexual men (GBM) and transgender women (TGW). Vaccine coverage among GBM/TGW is insufficient to reduce anal cancer disparities. Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) can increase reach and uptake of HPV vaccination by integrating and promoting HPV vaccination in ongoing HIV preventive care (e.g., Pre-exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]). The purpose of the current study was to assess the feasibility and potential impact of integrating HPV vaccination with PrEP care. We conducted a mixed methods study of PrEP providers and staff (qualitative interviews, N = 9) and PrEP patients (quantitative survey, N = 88) at an FQHC in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Qualitative thematic analysis of PrEP provider/staff interviews was informed by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to identify and describe barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination implementation. Quantitative analysis of PrEP patient survey was informed by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model. Quantitative interviews resulted in 16 themes related to characteristics of the inner and outer clinic context. Barriers among providers included lack of focus on HPV in PrEP management guidelines, in metrics mandated by funding agencies, and in electronic medical record templates. Lack of anal cancer specific knowledge and motivation was identified in both PrEP patients and providers/staff. Providing HPV vaccination during routine PrEP visits was highly acceptable to both patients and providers. Based on these findings, we recommend several multi-level strategies to increase HPV vaccine uptake among PrEP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exclusion of ethnic and other minority language nationals within the Lesotho educational system is a cause for concern. In the case of Lesotho, even though language policy as articulated in Curriculum and Assessment Policy (CAP) stipulates that mother tongue shall be used as a medium of instruction from Grade 1-3, it does not clarify as to which and whose mother tongue language. It is against this backdrop that the exclusion of ethnic and other minority language nationals in Lesotho education context is explored in this article. Qualitative research methodology was adopted for this study. This study unpacks the policy and how its implementation is difficult due to its exclusion of minority languages. The researchers used a case study research design to critically analyse the contents of Lesotho's language policy. The theoretical framework for this research predominantly draws on social constructionism, inclusive education and translanguaging. The study purposely selected four documents being CAP, Education Sector Strategic Plans of 2005-2015 and 2016-2026 and UNICEF 2016 document for analysis. A content analysis approach was used to analyse the data. The study reveals that in the context of Lesotho, ethnic and other minority language nationals are excluded in education. The education system of Lesotho is, therefore, exclusionist. It is recommended that there should be an ideal language policy to bridge the gap between home and school language(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Paranoia is higher in minority group individuals, especially those reporting intersecting aspects of difference. High negative and low positive self and other beliefs, and low social rank, are predictive of paranoia overtime; however, data are typically from majority group participants. This study examined whether social defeat or healthy cultural mistrust best characterizes paranoia in minority groups. Study Design Using cross-sectional, survey design, with a large (n = 2510) international sample, moderation analyses (PROCESS) examined whether self and other beliefs, and perceived social rank, operate similarly or differently in minority vs majority group participants. Specifically, we tested whether beliefs moderated the influence of minority group, and intersecting aspects of difference, on paranoia. Study Results Paranoia was consistently higher in participants from minority vs majority groups and level of paranoid thinking was significantly higher at each level of the intersectionality index. Negative self/other beliefs were associated with elevated paranoia in all participants. However, in support of the notion of healthy cultural mistrust, low social rank, and low positive self/other beliefs were significantly associated with paranoia in majority group participants but unrelated to paranoia in respective minority group members. Conclusions Although mixed, our findings signal the need to consider healthy cultural mistrust when examining paranoia in minority groups and bring into question whether "paranoia" accurately describes the experiences of marginalized individuals, at least at low levels of severity. Further research on paranoia in minority groups is crucial to developing culturally appropriate ways of understanding people's experiences in the context of victimization, discrimination, and difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qatar's development is intertwined with migration, resulting in the native population forming a minority. Zooming in on the academic world, which is in the midst of reform processes, we investigate the impact of the expat majority on the identity work of Qatari female junior academics. Drawing on a narrative as social practice approach, we study 'othering'-strategies in the stories of three interviewees. We demonstrate how their category work constructs moral superiority for the Qatari in-group, while implicitly aligning with the out-group's knowledge-related superiority. In this way, their identity work is emblematic for the government's Qatarization scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIn health disparities research, studies often fall short of their recruitment goals. Conducting a pilot feasibility study of recruitment in which data are collected systematically on recruitment processes can help investigators refine methods for the larger study. However, there are few guidelines for conducting pilot feasibility studies, and recruitment methods are seldom the focus. Feasibility indicators differ from traditional reports of recruitment results by focusing on the extent to which recruitment goals are met.MethodsWe present an organizing framework for assessing the feasibility of recruitment that includes eight steps, briefly: 1) specify recruitment goals; 2) specify recruitment processes; 3) establish a tracking system for each individual; 4) establish a tracking database for monitoring processes and results; 5) implement recruitment and track each individual's progress; 6) summarize recruitment results; 7) calculate and interpret feasibility measures - were goals met; and 8) if goals were not met, utilize tracking data to modify methods for the larger study. We describe methods within each step, with added details for steps 2-5 (the specific processes). The framework draws from a small literature on recruitment feasibility with a focus on health disparities populations. The guidelines blend well-known methods of recruitment with additional information on calculating feasibility indicators.ConclusionsThese guidelines provide a first step in thinking systematically about recruitment feasibility, to advance the field of measuring feasibility. Feasibility indicators also can be used to track the effectiveness of innovative recruitment strategies as part of building the science of recruitment, especially in disparities populations.

The Indiana State Board of Education has worked hard to create American history standards that reflect Indiana's commitment to US history education. These standards emphasize the important roles of minority groups throughout history, and convey and promote the importance of learning about the ongoing struggle to realize the ideals of the USA as a constitutional republic. While the standards focus on Western civilization as the main source of American ideology, the State of Indiana also expects students to be able to analyze the constantly changing relationships between dominant groups and minority groups both in the past and within the context of contemporary US. In the spirit of the Board of Education standards, special attention is needed to shine a light on the story of racism against Japanese Americans before the internment camp issue during World War II. Students need to develop an understanding of past issues and be able to relate them to their historical and political accounts of the events in order to be able to fully understand the connections between American political policies during World War II, and their effects from the Japanese-American perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over half a century after the Holocaust, in Eastern European countries where the Jewish community remained only a small part of the population, products of Jewish culture (or what is perceived as Jewish culture), including music, have become vital components of the popular public domain. In Poland, there are festivals and concerts of Jewish music, more and more records with this music, Jewish museums, and renovated Jewish districts, with Jewish cuisine, and music that are offered to tourists visiting Poland as the main attractions. They attract enthusiastic – and often non-Jewish – crowds. I consider how non-Jews involved in this movement in Poland perceive and implement Jewish culture, why they do it, how much it involves the recovery of Jewish heritage, and how this represents the musical culture of Jews in museums and at events organized for tourists. I also consider the relation of non-Jews as a majority group to Jews as a minority group, as well as the impact of the musical actions of the former on the musical culture of the latter. The article is based on field research and observations I have made during more than twenty years, both among the remaining Jews in Poland and in mixed or non-Jewish communities where music perceived as Jewish is promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionDespite human rights protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people, LGBTQ+ professionals may continue to experience discrimination working in heteronormative systems and spaces.MethodsIn this qualitative study 13 health professionals (nurses, occupational therapists, and physicians) from across Canada participated in in-depth qualitative interviews to explore their experiences with work-related microaggressions and heteronormativity.ResultsHeterosexist microaggressions from both patients/clients and colleagues were the norm, perpetuating and bolstered by heteronormative workplace and professional cultures. In turn, LGBTQ+ professionals navigated disclosure-decision-making, in power-laden contexts where all options carried potential negative consequences.DiscussionDrawing on the notion of “heteroprofessionalism,” we argue that the concept of professional carries encoded within it demands that the occupant of that category be—or present as—heterosexual, an unmarked status that can be readily desexualized. Acknowledging sex and sexuality disrupts “professionalism.” We argue that such disruption, indeed dissention, is necessary to open (hetero)professional spaces to LGBTQ+ workers.

The present study focuses on a minority group of Israeli Arab students who learned about dialogue and partnership between Arab and Jewish communities in a mixed college in Israel. The real-time study of the damaging effects of the intractable conflict suggests a unique model based on three concepts--shallow roots need constant watering, extended contact, and minimizing status differences (SEM)--for intervention in peace education. The first concept reflects the conceptualization of peace education initiatives operating on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The second concept is based on encounters with the outgroup by watching videos showing intergroup meetings and shared lives; the third concept minimizes the asymmetry in powers between the groups. Two questions guided our research: (a) How did the course that coincided with an outbreak of violence in an intractable conflict affect the Israeli Arab students who learn in a mixed college? (b) How did the SEM model affect Israeli Arab students' trust in reconciliation during an intractable conflict? The findings indicate a complex picture: negative emotions, descriptions of racism, and a more negative perception of the other side. However, the course, which emphasized the conflict and its consequences and complexities, also evoked feelings of hope, trust, and a desire for reconciliation. Therefore, this study's unique model for learning about partnership and dialogue in a complex and challenging situation may be helpful to other situations of peace education during an intractable conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inmates represent a special minority population susceptible to various health disorders that require special healthcare. Emergency departments (EDs) almost always provide the initial healthcare service for inmates, particularly in Turkey. We aimed herein to assess inmates' health problems necessitating ED admission and their effect on emergency department crowding. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED of a tertiary healthcare center with some 750.000 yearly admissions. We grouped emergency admissions referred from prisons into surgical, medical, psychiatric, traumatic, and musculoskeletal pain disorders. We reviewed 1250 patients, 95% (n=1187) of which were male and 5% (n=62) female. The most common causes of presentation of inmate patients were internal disorders (51.5%; n=643) and injury (19.6%; n=245). The patients with internal and surgical disorders were higher while those presenting with injury and psychiatric disorders had a significantly lower age (p [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 326-30]

This research uses smartphone-based big data to explore how socioeconomic, built environment characteristics, and spatiotemporal factors influence neighborhood park use, with a specific focus on minority groups' park visitation patterns. Panel data are collected through SafeGraph, and combined with GIS and American Community Survey data. We analyze 12,227 visitations from 1121 block groups to 30 neighborhood parks from September 2019 to August 2020 in Austin, Texas. Time-fixed-effect nested regression models are employed to control for unobserved time-related effects. Findings indicate a substantial increase in overall park use during the pandemic, with visiting frequencies up by 22 % and dwell time by 56 %. In contrast, minority groups, including seniors, children, blacks, unemployed, living alone, and recent movers, exhibited a decline in park visits. It also highlights visitors' risk-averse behaviors during the pandemic, such as avoiding visiting parks during holiday weeks and avoiding using swimming pools. Before the pandemic, proximity held the utmost significance for park use; during the pandemic, park quality and facilities emerged as the primary factors influencing park utilization. This study suggests that park planning needs to improve neighborhood parks' proximity, park facilities, and park safety to boost park use and foster inclusive park planning. • Residents used neighborhood parks more intensively during the pandemic. • Minority groups used neighborhood parks significantly less during the pandemic. • Distance is an important factor influencing park visitation in non-pandemic period. • Neighborhood park features and amenities are vital during the pandemic. • Visitors were risk-averse in park use and park safety is critical in the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrimination is a violation of basic principles that all persons should be treated equally, which may manifest directly or indirectly and perceived by ethnic minority women. This study was aimed at assessing double discriminations against women of Cinasha minority groups in Duguna Fango Woreda of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. For the success of the set objectives, the researcher employed a qualitative research approach. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used to collect information from the study area. Informants of the study were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. Key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were employed for data collection. The findings of the study indicated that women in Cinasha minority groups are facing double discriminations from the host community in different social settings, economic activities and social institutions. In this study, it is recommended to work on raising community awareness, arranging conducive work environments, preparing basic life skill trainings and implementing legal jurisdictions for violence’s committed on them.

Abstract Background Lisu is an ethnic minority group and most of them are living in Yunnan, China. This study investigated the oral health status among 12-year-old Lisu children in Yunnan. Method This survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit 12-year-old Lisu children. Two calibrated dentists performed the oral examinations in the primary schools. They examined dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis using the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the children to collect their sociodemographic background information and oral health-related behaviours. A chi-square test, the Mann–Whitney U test, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results This survey invited 512 children, and 482 children (48% boys) participated in the study (response rate: 94%). Their caries prevalence was 35% and their caries experience in mean (SD) DMFT scores was 0.63 (0.10). The mean (SD) DT score was 0.60 (1.10), consisting 95% of the mean DMFT scores. No dental fluorosis was observed; whereas 426 children (88%) had gingival bleeding. Results of ZINB model indicated sex and sugary-snacking habits were related to the dental caries experience (p

This paper analyzes ideologies -- understood as an extralegal factor -- developed textually in the discursive genre of legal sentences. By articulating the conjectures of Bourdieu and Van Dijk, we created a theoretical framework that defines the legal field as a social and discursive practice able to create axiomatic beliefs about people. Then, we applied this theoretical approach through a Critical Discourse Analysis about a criminal sentence condemning a Mapuche individual. It is defined as a study case given that the selected example expresses the way in which axiomatic beliefs about an individual from a minority group are built. We conclude our research by reflecting on the possibility of applying this theoretical approach to the study of different corpuses of sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inmates represent a special minority population susceptible to various health disorders that require special healthcare. Emergency departments (EDs) almost always provide the initial healthcare service for inmates, particularly in Turkey. We aimed herein to assess inmates' health problems necessitating ED admission and their effect on emergency department crowding. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED of a tertiary healthcare center with some 750.000 yearly admissions. We grouped emergency admissions referred from prisons into surgical, medical, psychiatric, traumatic, and musculoskeletal pain disorders. We reviewed 1250 patients, 95% (n=1187) of which were male and 5% (n=62) female. The most common causes of presentation of inmate patients were internal disorders (51.5%; n=643) and injury (19.6%; n=245). The patients with internal and surgical disorders were higher while those presenting with injury and psychiatric disorders had a significantly lower age (p<0.05). Among patients with internal disorders, the most common disorder was lung infection (12%); those presenting with injury most presented after selfharm (40.4%); those presenting with surgical disorders most presented with non-specific abdominal pain (21.0%); and those presenting with psychiatric disorders most presented with drug intoxication (33%). EDs are the first units of referral for every health problem of this sensitive population in Turkey. Therefore, prisons must provide critical on-site healthcare services of this medically vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrimination is a violation of basic principles that all persons should be treated equally, which may manifest directly or indirectly and perceived by ethnic minority women. This study was aimed at assessing double discriminations against women of Cinasha minority groups in Duguna Fango Woreda of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. For the success of the set objectives, the researcher employed a qualitative research approach. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used to collect information from the study area. Informants of the study were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. Key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were employed for data collection. The findings of the study indicated that women in Cinasha minority groups are facing double discriminations from the host community in different social settings, economic activities and social institutions. In this study, it is recommended to work on raising community awareness, arranging conducive work environments, preparing basic life skill trainings and implementing legal jurisdictions for violence's committed on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irish Travellers are a minority ethnic group within the Irish state with a distinct culture and set of traditions. Travellers experience mental health inequalities, high rates of mental ill health, and structural and individual barriers to mental health supports. A Traveller Mental Health Liaison Nurse (TMHLN) was introduced in a healthcare region in Ireland to provide greater mental health‐related support to Travellers. This paper presents a description of the TMHLN role following a multi‐stakeholder evaluation. The research design was descriptive qualitative and the findings are reported using COREQ criteria. Thirty‐four key stakeholders were interviewed individually or as part of focus groups. Thematic analysis generated two broad themes: the role context, and the specific activities of the role. Mental health nursing experience and understanding of local issues and services were key, as was use of language, building trusting relations, creating the metaphorical, and having the physical, space for working. Specific activities involved in‐reach and outreach work, including one‐to‐one mental health support provision, delivery of education/training sessions to Travellers and service providers, (re)establishing links to specialist services, integrated and interagency working, and promoting cultural competency. The findings set out a role with a greater emphasis on the use of recovery technologies, having an emphasis on psychosocial interventions and self‐care, and less focus on biomedical technologies, signs and symptoms, and clinical outcomes. This study contributes to knowledge on the role of a MHLN as this relates to working with marginalized minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Social diversity can affect healthcare outcomes in situations when access to healthcare is limited for specific groups. Although the principle of equality is one of the central topics on the agenda of the European Union (EU), its scope in the field of healthcare, however, is relatively unexplored. The aim of this study is to identify and systematically analyze primary and secondary legislation of the EU Institutions that concern the issue of access to healthcare for various minority groups. In our research, we have concentrated on three features of diversity: a) gender identity and sexual orientation, b) race and ethnicity, and c) religion or belief. Method and materials For the purpose of this analysis, we conducted a search of database Eur-Lex, the official website of European Union law and other public documents of the European Union, based on specific keywords accompanied by review of secondary literature. Relevant documents were examined with regard to the research topic. Our search covered documents that were in force between 13 December 2007 and 31 July 2019. Results Generally, the EU legal system prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion or belief, racial or ethnic origin, sex, and sexual orientation. However, with regard to the issue of non-discrimination in access to healthcare EU secondary law provides protection against discrimination only on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin and sex. The issue of discrimination in healthcare on the grounds of religion or belief, gender identity and sexual orientation is not specifically addressed under EU secondary law. Discussion The absence of regulations regarding non-discrimination in the EU secondary law in the area of healthcare may result from the division of competences between the European Union and the Member States. Reluctance of the Member States to adopt comprehensive antidiscrimination regulations leads to a situation, in which protection in access to healthcare primarily depends on national regulations. Conclusions Our study shows that EU antidiscriminatory law with regard to access to healthcare is fragmentary. Prohibition of discrimination of the level of European binding law does not fully encompass all aspects of social diversity.

Background: The literature on Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) have shown worse than expected health of the members of racial and ethnic minority groups particularly Blacks. Theoretically, this effect can be in part due to weaker effects of educational attainment on preventive care and disease management in highly educated racial and ethnic minorities. Objectives: The current study explored the racial and ethnic differences in the effect of baseline educational attainment on % adherance to the routine physician visits among middle-aged and older adults in the US. Methods: This is a prospective study with 24 years of follow up. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS: 1992-2016) included 10 880 middle-aged and older adults who were Hispanic, non-Hispanic, Black or White. The independent variable was educational attainment. The dependent variable was adherance to the routine physician visits (%). Age, gender, marital status, income, health behaviors (smoking and drinking) and health (depression, self-rated health, and chronic diseases) were the covariates. Race and ethnicity were the focal moderators. Linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: Overall, higher educational attainment was associated with higher % of adherance to the routine physician visits over the course of follow-up, net of all confounders. Race showed a significant statistical interaction with educational attainment suggesting of a smaller effect of high education attainment on % adherance to the routine physician visits for Black than White middle-aged and older adults. Similar interaction could not be found for the comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic middle-aged and older adults. Conclusion: Educational attainment is associated with a larger increase in preventive and disease management doctor visits for White than Black middle-aged and older adults. This is a missed opportunity to improve the health of highly educated middle-aged and older adults. It is not race/ethnicity or class that shapes health behaviors but race/ethnicity and class that shape people’s pro-health behaviors. At least some of the racial health disparities is not due to low SES but diminished returns of SES.

Context: Although conversations about future medical treatment and end-of-life care are considered to be important, ethnic minorities are much less engaged in advance care planning (ACP).Objectives: To explore ACP knowledge, experiences, views, facilitators, and barriers among older adults of Turkish origin in Belgium.Methods: This qualitative study was based on constant comparative analysis of semistructured interview content. Participants were 33 older adults (aged 65-84 years; mean, 71.7 years; median, 74.5 years) of Turkish origin living in Belgium.Results: Despite unfamiliarity with the term ACP in this sample, several participants had engaged in some ACP behaviors. Respondents considered ACP to be useful and were ready to engage in conversations about it. The most commonly mentioned facilitator was the provision of tailored information about ACP. Other facilitators included concerns about future care needs, increasing awareness among respondents' children about the advantages of ACP, and respondents' desire to avoid "burdening" their children. The most commonly mentioned barrier was respondents' lack of knowledge about ACP. Other barriers were language issues, a lack of urgency about ACP discussion, reliance on familial support, and older adults' fear of triggering negative emotions in themselves and their children.Conclusions: The provision of tailored information about ACP to older adults of Turkish origin in Belgium and the promotion of awareness about the importance of ACP among their children (when patients desire), as well as the use of professional interpreters, could facilitate ACP engagement in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achievement goal theory is one of the major theories of the relationship between learners' perception of learning processes and their academic achievements. The present research was focused on the relationship between learners' goals and the academic achievements of Hebrew-speaking students, who belong to the majority group, and Arabic-speaking students, who belong to the minority group. The research also combined personality measures and measures of ability of the students, in order to better understand the relationships among the variables in the two groups. Matched samples of 104 students from each group were studied. The data were collected at the beginning of the second year of studies and the students were then monitored for 2 years. The findings indicate that among the Hebrew-speaking students, the level of performance goals was higher that among the Arabic-speaking students. In both groups, different learning goals contributed to the explained variance in final grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diane Forsythe and other feminist scholars have long shown how system builders' tacit assumptions lead to the systematic erasure of certain users from the design process. In spite of this phenomena being known in the health informatics literature for decades, recent research shows how patient portals and electronic patients health records continue to reproduce health inequalities in Western societies. To better understand this discrepancy between scholarly awareness of such inequities and mainstream design, this study unravels the (conceptual) assumptions and practices of designers and others responsible for portal implementation in the Netherlands and how citizens living in vulnerable circumstances are included in this process.Materials and Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews (n = 24) and questionnaires (n = 14) with portal designers, health professionals, and policy advisors.Results: In daily design practices, equity is seen as an "end-of-the-pipeline" concern. Respondents identify health care professionals rather than patients as their main users. If patients are included in the design, this generally entails patients in privileged positions. The needs of citizens living in vulnerable circumstances are not prioritized in design processes. Developers legitimize their focus with reference to the innovation-theoretical approach of the Diffusion of Innovations.Discussion and Conclusion: Although feminist scholars have developed important understandings of the exclusion of citizens living in vulnerable circumstances from portal design, other academic efforts have profoundly shaped daily practices of portal development. Diane Forsythe would likely have taken up this discrepancy as a challenge by finding ways to translate these insights into mainstream systems design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lisu is an ethnic minority group and most of them are living in Yunnan, China. This study investigated the oral health status among 12-year-old Lisu children in Yunnan. Method: This survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit 12-year-old Lisu children. Two calibrated dentists performed the oral examinations in the primary schools. They examined dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis using the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the children to collect their sociodemographic background information and oral health-related behaviours. A chi-square test, the Mann–Whitney U test, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: This survey invited 512 children, and 482 children (48% boys) participated in the study (response rate: 94%). Their caries prevalence was 35% and their caries experience in mean (SD) DMFT scores was 0.63 (0.10). The mean (SD) DT score was 0.60 (1.10), consisting 95% of the mean DMFT scores. No dental fluorosis was observed; whereas 426 children (88%) had gingival bleeding. Results of ZINB model indicated sex and sugary-snacking habits were related to the dental caries experience (p < 0.05). The gingival-bleeding prevalence was associated with the mother's education level, the child's monthly-pocket money and daily toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries and gingival bleeding were prevalent among 12-year-old Lisu children in the Yunnan province in China, and most of the decayed teeth were unrestored. Dental fluorosis was not observed in the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults taking multiple chronic medications experience an increased risk of adverse drug events and other medication-related problems (MRP). Most current literature on medication management involves researcher-driven intervention, yet few studies investigate patients’ understanding of MRP in a diverse community setting. This report investigates patients’ perception of MRP and patient-centered strategies among a cohort of the older adult group in a historically Black urban community. The study design is qualitative using structured open-ended questions in a multidisciplinary patient-centered focus group. Patients (age 65 years or older) taking seven or more medications were recruited. The group comprises patients, caregivers, pharmacists, health educators, a physician, and a nurse. Recordings of the group discussion are transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis and categorized by codes developed from the social-ecological model. The group reports patient-provider relationships, previous experience, fear of side effects played important roles in medication adherence. There is an unmet need for medication management education and tools to organize complex medication lists from multiple providers. This study provides important insights into MRP experienced by minority older adults and provided researchers with potential strategies for future interventions.